Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Calves were sensitized to horse serum in Freund's complete adjuvant and were subjected to acute systemic anaphylactic shock. Increased packed cell volume and potassium ion concentration together with severe neutropenia were observed to accompany the systemic hypotension. The hemoconcentration and hyperkalemia were not inhibited by antihistaminic or antiserotonin drugs, but were strongly inhibited by pretreatment of the calves with sodium meclofenamate and by disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) given simultaneously with diethylcarbamazine (DECC). In contrast there was no measurable diminution of the leukopenia by any inhibitor drug tested. Pulmonary edema and congestion of the liver, intestine, spleen, and kidney accompanied anaphylaxis. Atelectasis and edema with thickening of alveolar septa, together with polymorphonuclear cell infiltration were recorded histologically in the lungs of calves subjected to anaphylaxis. Calves premedicated with sodium meclofenamate sustained slight pulmonary edema only, with no other obvious pathological changes. Pretreatment with DSGG and DECC reduced the edema, congestion, and histopathological damage, but offered less protection than sodium meclofenamate. Antihistaminic or antiserotonin drugs were ineffective in protecting against anaphylactic changes in calves.
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PMID:Hematological and pathological changes in acute systemic anaphylaxis in calves: effects of pharmacological agents. 426 91

Cell suspensions enriched in human blood monocytes, obtained from normal peripheral blood by sedimentation on sodium diatrizoate-Ficoll gradients or from the blood of patients with neutropenia and monocytosis, accumulated malonyldialdehyde, a labile catabolite of lipid peroxidation, during incubations with polystyrene beads or heat-killed Staphylococcus epidermidis. Mixed blood leukocytes principally composed of granulocytes or granulocytes purified by density gradient sedimentation did not accumulate malonyldialdehyde during incubations with these particles, but did when ingesting particles containing linolenate. The phospholipid fatty acid composition of monocyte-enriched and purified granulocyte preparations from the same donors were compared. The molar fraction of arachidonate (20:4) in phospholipids from monocyte-rich preparations was 62% greater than that of purified granulocytes. The findings indicate that human monocytes, possibly because of a greater content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their membranes, peroxidize a greater quantity of endogenous lipids than granulocytes during endocytosis. Normal human granulocytes have the capacity to peroxidize ingested lipids. However, mixed leukocytes from two patients with chronic granulomatous disease produced little malonyldialdehyde when engulfing linolenate-containing particles. Therefore the capacity to peroxidize lipid is related to cellular oxygen metabolism, a function in which chronic granulomatous disease granulocytes are dificient. Malonyldialdehyde chemically prepared by hydrolysis of tetramethoxypropane, by extraction from peroxidized linolenic acid, or purified from extracts of phagocytizing rabbit alveolar macrophages had bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and S. epidermidis. Therefore, toxic catabolites of lipid hydroperoxides may potentiate the bactericidal activity of hydrogen peroxide in mononuclear phagocytes.
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PMID:Lipid peroxidation by human blood phagocytes. 485 10

Disseminated disease due to rapidly growing mycobacteria is manifested by positive blood cultures and multiple skin and subcutaneous abscesses. A patient had T-cell lymphoma and disseminated disease; he also had neutropenia intermittently. Single-agent therapy with amikacin sulfate or cefoxitin sodium was not adequate during periods of neutropenia, and combination therapy was necessary to control the infection. Clinical response correlated with detectable serum inhibitory levels of the antimicrobial agents. Surprisingly, the organism was not killed by either amikacin or cefoxitin, a finding that correlated with the absence of serum bactericidal levels. This case suggests that granulocytes may play a role in the host's response to this organism, and determination of serum inhibitory and possible bactericidal levels may be useful in monitoring therapy.
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PMID:Disseminated disease due to Mycobacterium chelonei treated with amikacin and cefoxitin. Absence of killing with either agent and possible role of granulocytes in clinical response. 648 90

As part of a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dialyzer reuse, a comparative study of two methods of dialyzer reprocessing, manual and automated, was conducted. Five stable end-stage renal disease patients on center hemodialysis were evaluated as to hematological and metabolic parameters throughout two series of three consecutive dialyses using first new and then reused dialyzers reprocessed according to each of the two methods. New dialyzers and reused dialyzers following automated reprocessing always induced a profound fall in circulating neutrophil counts shortly after the start of dialysis. Hemodialysis neutropenia was not observed, however, with reused dialyzers reprocessed manually unless the concentration of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) employed was made equal to that required in automated reprocessing by being raised from 1.0 to 4.3%. It would be reasonable to conclude from these results that among the various differences between the two dialyzer reprocessing methods, restoration of the original level of biocompatibility of the reused dialyzer's membrane is related to the concentration of the cleansing agent.
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PMID:Hemodialysis neutropenia and dialyzer reuse: role of the cleansing agent. 649 71

The high incidence of serious opportunistic infection following human burn injury has been well documented. Investigations of the mechanisms of this acquired susceptibility have demonstrated several defects in phagocytic defenses. An established rat burn infection model was modified for study of neutrophil function in animals with a 60% burn injury. These 350-g rats received a 35-ml saline resuscitation, and when not further stressed, 80% of the animals survived to healing. Burned animals were found to have decreased inflammatory responses to intraperitoneal injections of heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and sterile sodium caseinate. These reductions could not be explained by neutropenia. Prior immunization with heat-killed Pseudomonas did not improve the inflammatory response to homologous organisms injected intraperitoneally, but levamisole treatment did improve the inflammatory response. Epinephrine injection (intravenous) showed that burned animals have a markedly reduced proportion of marginated neutrophils but an increase in total peripheral neutrophil counts. The stress hormones corticosterone and catecholamines were elevated during times of decreased inflammatory responsiveness; additionally, neutrophils from burned animals had decreased adherence to nylon fiber. Serum from burned animals decreased in vitro adherence and chemotaxis of purified normal rat neutrophils.
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PMID:Examination of neutrophil function in a rat model of decreased host resistance following burn trauma. 665 85

The effect of hypothermia on neutrophil circulation and release from bone marrow has been studied. Pigs were anesthetized and maintained at 37 degrees C or surface cooled to 29 degrees C over 60 min. As the core temperature was reduced to 29 degrees C, the number of circulating neutrophils (X 10(9) per liter) fell from 6.0 +/- 0.6 to 2.3 +/- 0.3 by 60 min. No significant change in the number of circulating mature or immature neutrophils was observed over the 4 h of observation at 29 degrees C. Neutrophil demargination after administration of intravenous catecholamines was similar at 37 and 29 degrees C. Steroid stimulation of bone marrow to release neutrophils was markedly impaired at 29 degrees C. Circulating mature neutrophils in normothermic pigs increased from 5.6 +/- 1.2 to 10.4 +/- 1.2 by 120 min after administration of intravenous hydrocortisone sodium succinate. Circulating immature neutrophils increased from 1.7 +/- 0.3 to 5.3 +/- 0.4. At 29 degrees C, no significant changes in the number of circulating mature or immature neutrophils occurred. Endotoxin also failed to stimulate neutrophil release from the bone marrow. Furthermore, a marked neutropenia occurred in hypothermic pigs after intravenous endotoxin, which persisted for the 3 h of observation. Neutrophil circulation and release from bone marrow are compromised by hypothermia, which may increase the risk for bacterial infection.
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PMID:Neutrophil circulation and release from bone marrow during hypothermia. 684 Aug 58

In a prospective, randomized study, 75 infants and children were treated with methicillin sodium and 74 were treated with nafcillin sodium. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, duration of therapy, types off illnesses, etiologic bacteria, and bacteremia. Clinical responses were also comparable. The frequencies of fever, rash, eosinophilia, neutropenia, anemia, and abnormal hepatic enzymes were the same in the two groups. Two patients in each group had transient hematuria early in their course that resolved despite continued antibiotic therapy. Definite urologic toxic effect did not occur in patients who received nafcillin, while four (5.3%) of the methicillin-treated patients were judged to have this complication. In addition, six patients (8%) who received methicillin had questionable evidence of urologic toxic effect. It is concluded that methicillin and nafcillin have comparable clinical efficacy and adverse effects, with the exception that definite urologic toxic effect has been observed with nafcillin therapy.
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PMID:Comparative toxicities of methicillin and nafcillin. 700 81

Benign familial (hereditary) leukopenia and neutropenia (BFLN) have been reported in some ethnic groups, including black Americans and Yemenite Jews. The bone-marrow response of 34 Yemenite Jews (with and without neutropenia) to an intravenous injection of 200 mg of hydrocortisone sodium succinate was studied and compared with the response of 18 healthy control subjects. The mean +/- SEM of the increments in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) following injection of hydrocortisone in Yemenite Jews (2,413 +/- 245/mm3 in neutropenic subjects and 2,187 +/- 343/mm3 in nonneutropenic subjects) were significantly lower than in the control subjects (4,431 +/- 467/mm3), without significant differences among the subgroups of the Yemenite Jews. The decreases in monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were similar in all groups. No correlation was found between baseline PMN levels and the increments following hydrocortisone administration. These results suggest a lowered bone-marrow response to hydrocortisone in subjects with BFLN, indicating some defect in PMNs release from the bone-marrow storage pool to the peripheral blood. It seems that this defect characterizes all members of the ethnic group, whether they have "overt" neutropenia or not.
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PMID:The mechanism of benign hereditary neutropenia. 707 20

The clinical effectiveness of a combination treatment using imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) with G-CSF was studied in neutropenic patients (< 500/mm3) with hematological malignancies and secondary infections. Thirty seven patients were entered in the trial, and 30 patients were eligible. This combination was effective in 20 patients, thus the overall efficacy rate was 66.7 percent. The combination was effective in all 6 cases with septicemia, in 10 case out of 15 cases with fever after chemotherapy (efficacy rate; 66.7%), in 3 out of 8 cases with respiratory infections including 7 cases with pneumonia (efficacy rate; 37.5%), and a case with laryngopharyngitis. According to the order of the administration, the efficacy rates were 60.0% in 5 cases in whom G-CSF treatment was started before IPM/CS, 66.7% in 21 cases given both G-CSF and IPM/CS simultaneously, and 75.0% in 4 cases in whom IPM/CS was started before G-CSF. The difference was statistically not significant on the efficacy rates in the three groups. The efficacy in 18 cases treated with monotherapy on antibiotic was 72.2% and that in 12 cases treated with IPM/CS in combination with other antibiotics was 58.3%, and the difference in the efficacy rates in these two groups was not statistically significant. According to the neutrophil counts before and after the treatment, high response rate (60.0%) was obtained in cases of severe neutropenia (less than 100/mm3). Bacteriological examinations showed that all of bacteria detected as pathogens (10 strains of Gram-positive bacteria and 6 strains of Gram-negative bacteria) were eradicated, though 3 strains were replaced by other pathogens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of a combination treatment using imipenem/cilastatin sodium with G-CSF on infections in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies]. 753 79

The safety and efficacy of olsalazine sodium was compared to sulfasalazine over 3 months in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of 56 children with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Twenty-eight children received 30 mg/kg/day of olsalazine (maximum, 2 g/day) and 28 received 60 mg/kg/day of sulfasalazine (maximum, 4 g/day). Side effects were frequent in both groups. Eleven of 28 patients (39%) on olsalazine reported headache, nausea, vomiting, rash, pruritus, increased diarrhea, and/or fever. Thirteen of 28 on sulfasalazine (46%) reported similar side effects and/or neutropenia, and four patients had the drug stopped because of an adverse reaction. After 3 months, 11 of 28 (39%) on olsalazine were asymptomatic or clinically improved, compared to 22 of 28 (79%) on sulfasalazine (p = 0.006). In addition, 10 of 28 patients on olsalazine versus one on sulfasalazine required prednisone because of lack of response or worsening of colitis (p = 0.005). The dose of olsalazine used in this clinical trial was thought to be equivalent to a standard dose of sulfasalazine, but fewer patients on olsalazine improved and a greater number had progression of symptoms when compared to sulfasalazine. Although side effects were slightly less frequent for olsalazine, the number of patients was too small to detect a clinically significant difference.
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PMID:Olsalazine versus sulfasalazine in mild to moderate childhood ulcerative colitis: results of the Pediatric Gastroenterology Collaborative Research Group Clinical Trial. 810 99


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