Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two studies were performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of irinotecan (CPT-11) in the treatment of adults with malignant glioma. Patients with progressive or recurrent malignant gliomas were enrolled. In the first study, CPT-11 was administered once every 3 weeks as a 90-minute intravenous infusion at a dose of 300 mg/m(2). After 2 treatments, doses were increased to 350 mg/m(2) in those patients without Grade 3/4 toxicities. Dose modifications were made for toxicities. All 14 patients who enrolled (11 males and 3 females) were treated with CPT-11 and were assessable for survival, response, and toxicity. The majority of patients (86%) had prior surgery. Two patients had a confirmed partial response (PR), and 2 patients (14%) had stable disease (SD). Median survival was 24 weeks; median time to tumor progression (TTP) was 6 weeks. The primary hematologic toxicity was Grade 3/4 neutropenia, which was observed in 14% of patients. Infrequent Grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicity was observed, possibly due to the concomitant use of anticonvulsants that might have altered pharmacokinetics. The second study evaluated the potential underdosing observed in patients who did or did not receive enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAED) by implementing an intrapatient dose escalation design. In this open-label study, treatment of patients with recurrent malignant glioma (rMG) was started at 300-400 mg/m(2) of CPT-11 every 3 weeks and, depending on individual safety and efficacy evaluation, escalated by steps of 100 mg/m(2) in subsequent courses. Thirty-five patients (median age, 43 years; gender, 11F and 24M; histology, 26 glioblastoma multiforme and 9 anaplastic glioma) have completed at least two cycles of chemotherapy and are evaluable for toxicity and response. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was reached in 12 patients at doses ranging from 400-1700 mg/m(2). Preliminary efficacy data show that 3 patients exhibited PR and 15 patients exhibited SD. Median TTP was 2.7 months, and median survival was 8.5 months. Patients who did not receive anticonvulsants achieved higher peak concentrations, relative to dose, of the active metabolite SN-38 than did patients in the EIAED group. This study confirmed the activity of CPT-11 in malignant glioma and indicated that the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for patients with rMG was considerably higher than expected but still possessed significant variability. A higher level of efficacy for CPT-11 may be observed if an MTD can efficiently be established for each patient.
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PMID:Two studies evaluating irinotecan treatment for recurrent malignant glioma using an every-3-week regimen. 1271 60

Irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar) has achieved a response rate of 23.6% in recurrent ovarian cancer. Irinotecan/cisplatin combination chemotherapy has shown a response rate of 33% in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, and 76% when used as the initial regimen for ovarian cancer. Regarding dose-limiting toxicity, although neutropenia and diarrhea were observed, diarrhea was thought to cause no remarkable problems in the combination regimen examined. Based on these results, irinotecan is considered to be a useful drug in chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Japanese ovarian trials: focus on irinotecan. 1280 Jun 3

Despite the high objective response rate of advanced ovarian cancer to combination platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy, the majority of patients ultimately experience disease progression. Thus, there is a need to find new management strategies that can improve upon the results of existing therapies. We are currently conducting a phase II trial to explore the toxicity and potential efficacy of a three-drug program, which adds irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar) at 100 mg/m2 to carboplatin (Paraplatin) at an area under the concentration-time curve of 5 and paclitaxel at 150 mg/m2 over 3 hours. Treatment was initially given on an every-3-week schedule, but was subsequently changed to an every-4-week schedule due to excessive bone marrow toxicity. The study remains in progress, with 26 patients currently evaluable for toxicity, which has included grade 4 neutropenia (42% incidence), grade 4 thrombocytopenia (12%), and grade 3 emesis (12%), with one patient each experiencing grade 3 diarrhea, hepatic dysfunction, and insomnia. Data regarding response rates are immature. Our preliminary analysis reveals that the combination of carboplatin/paclitaxel/irinotecan can be administered to women with advanced ovarian cancer with significant, but overall acceptable, toxicity. Randomized trials will be required to define a possible role for this three-drug combination chemotherapy regimen in the standard management of advanced ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Toxicity associated with carboplatin/paclitaxel/Irinotecan use in advanced ovarian cancer: preliminary analysis. 1280 Jun 4

This phase I study was conducted to determine the dose-limiting toxicity, maximum tolerated doses, and recommended phase II doses of the combination of irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar) and temozolomide (Temodar). Patients have received irinotecan and temozolomide on one of three different dosing schedules: (1) oral temozolomide on days 1-14 plus a single i.v. dose of irinotecan on day 8 every 28 days (arm 1); (2) weekly i.v. irinotecan on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 plus oral temozolomide on days 1-7 and 15-21 every 42 days (arm 2); and (3) every-other-week i.v. irinotecan on days 1 and 15 plus oral temozolomide on days 1-7 and 15-21 every 28 days (arm 3). A total of 49 patients have received 112+ cycles of therapy on all three dosing schedules to date. Dose-limiting toxicity consisting of diarrhea, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia was encountered at a temozolomide dose of 125 mg/m2/d and an irinotecan dose of 250 mg/m2 on treatment arm 1. As a result, the protocol has been amended to explore lower doses of temozolomide in combination with higher doses of irinotecan, and patient accrual is currently continuing. Dose-limiting grade 3 diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting were reported in 7/12 patients enrolled on the two dose levels explored on treatment arm 2, so this dosing regimen was considered intolerable. Patient accrual currently continues at dose level 1 of treatment arm 3, so it is too early to determine dose-limiting toxicities and recommended phase II doses for this treatment schedule. Two partial responses have been reported to date in patients with glioblastoma and head and neck cancer, respectively. One evaluable response has also been observed in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan weekly x 4 plus temozolomide on days 1-7 and 15-21 is intolerable due to the development of dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicities. The recommended phase II doses of irinotecan and temozolomide on treatment arms 1 and 3 remain to be determined as patient accrual is currently ongoing.
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PMID:Phase I. Trial of irinotecan and temozolomide in patients with solid tumors. 1280 Jun 6

Preclinical data suggest that the combination of inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II may be synergistic when administered together. The optimal sequence of such combinations is uncertain, but initial administration of a topoisomerase I inhibitor upregulates topoisomerase II. Several combinations of these inhibitors have been evaluated, but have not clearly demonstrated synergy. Thus, we have started a phase I study of the combination of irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar) and epirubicin (Ellence). Typical eligibility criteria for phase I studies were employed. Patients with a history of congestive heart failure, > 240 mg/m2 of prior doxorubicin, or > 10% weight loss in the prior 4 weeks were excluded. Irinotecan and epirubicin were administered on days 1 and 8, every 28 days. Initially, patients were treated with irinotecan at 100 mg/m2 and epirubicin at 40 mg/m2 (dose level 1). After substantial toxicity at this level, the doses to be evaluated were changed to irinotecan: 50-->75-->100 mg/m2, and epirubicin: 20-->25-->30 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicities were noted in 2/4 patients (2 neutropenic fever, 1 thrombocytopenia) on dose level 1; 0/3 on dose level 1A; 1/8 (neutropenia) on dose level 2A; and 1/3 (neutropenia) on dose level 3A. This is the first combination of irinotecan and epirubicin to be evaluated in humans. The toxicity, primarily myelosuppression, noted to date has exceeded the expected toxicity for the doses of the irinotecan and epirubicin alone, suggesting the possibility of a synergistic interaction of the agents on this schedule, at least in the bone marrow. Other toxicities were acceptable and non-dose-limiting. Accrual of patients continues, at level 3A (irinotecan at 75 mg/m2, epirubicin at 25 mg/m2).
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PMID:Combined inhibition of topoisomerases: a phase I. Study of irinotecan and epirubicin. 1280 Jun 7

This phase II study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of irinotecan (CPT-11) and ifosfamide as second-line chemotherapy for relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Eligibility criteria included histologically or cytologically confirmed SCLC, prior chemotherapy including platinum + etoposide, and measurable or evaluable disease. CPT-11 (80 mg/m(2)) was administered intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15, while ifosfamide (1.5 g/m(2)) was given on days 1 through 3 every 4 weeks. Thirty-four patients (29 men) with a median age of 69 years (range 42-77) and a median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 1 (range 0-2) were enrolled. The response rate was 52.9% (95% confidence interval: 29.8-64.9%) with 2 complete responses and 16 partial responses. Our analyses of prognostic factors showed risk factors assessed before receiving second-line chemotherapy, which were the number of metastatic sites, performance status and the type of relapse. WHO grade 3-4 neutropenia was recorded in 52.9% of the patients, grade 3 diarrhea in 5.9%. The combination of CPT-11 and ifosfamide demonstrated clinical efficacy in relapsed SCLC with a favorable toxicity profile, particularly for performance status 0-1 and sensitive cases with only one metastatic site.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with irinotecan and ifosfamide as second-line treatment of refractory or sensitive relapsed small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. 1288 56

A novel schema of intrapatient dose escalation was applied to determine a population-based maximum tolerated dose (pMTD) for irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar) and carboplatin (Paraplatin) in a phase I trial. A total of 74 patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled with the following characteristics: men/women, 46/28; median age, 61 years; 51 patients with and 23 patients without prior chemotherapy; performance status of 0-1 (93%) and 2 (7%). Patients were started at dose level 1 with irinotecan at 200 mg/m2, and carboplatin at an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 5 mg/mL x min, administered every 21 days. Depending on degree of toxicity observed, the dose for each patient in each subsequent cycle was determined according to a predetermined schema of dose levels. Individual maximum tolerated dose (iMTD) was determined for each patient. The pMTD was defined as the highest dose level for which the incidence of dose-limiting toxicity occurred in less than 33% of the patient population. The most common dose-limiting toxicity included neutropenia (58%), thrombocytopenia (15%), diarrhea (8%), and nausea/emesis (7%). The iMTD ranged from dose level-3 (irinotecan at 100 mg/m2 and carboplatin at an AUC of 4) to dose level 5 (irinotecan at 350 mg/m2 and carboplatin at AUC 6). The pMTD was determined to be dose level-1 and 1 for previously chemotherapy-treated and--untreated patients, respectively. Fifty-nine patients were assessable for response. Of note, a response rate of 40% was observed in 15 patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based therapy. We recommend dose level 1 of irinotecan (200 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5) for chemotherapynaive patients, and dose level-1 of irinotecan (150 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5) for chemotherapy-treated patients in phase II trials.
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PMID:Population-based maximum tolerated dose of irinotecan and carboplatin. 1288 68

The outcome of patients with metastatic lung cancer is poor, with a 1-year survival rate of approximately 35%. We are evaluating the combination of irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar) and carboplatin (Paraplatin) in patients with stage IIIB and IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Eligible patients include those with histologic or cytologic diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer; no previous chemotherapy for metastatic lung cancer; and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1. The first five patients received irinotecan at 250 mg/m2 over 90 minutes followed by carboplatin at an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 5 over 1 hour. Subsequently, the dose of irinotecan was reduced to 200 mg/m2 in view of febrile neutropenia in one of five patients. Chemotherapy cycles are repeated every 21 days. Patients are reevaluated every two cycles. Of a planned 37 patients, 14 have been enrolled and 9 are evaluable for toxicity and response at the time of this report. Thirty-two cycles have been administered, with seven 1-week delays and two dose reductions. To date there have been two partial responses and five patients with stable disease; two patients developed progressive disease on therapy. One patient had neutropenic fever; other toxicities included mild pancreatitis (n = 1) and diverticulitis (n = 1). The regimen of irinotecan and carboplatin administered once every 3 weeks demonstrates early evidence of activity, and is tolerable and convenient. The main toxicity is hematologic. This study is ongoing and actively accruing patients.
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PMID:Irinotecan and carboplatin in metastatic or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. 1288 71

Several agents have been evaluated for the second-line treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The TAX 317 trial found that patients treated with docetaxel (Taxotere) 75 mg/m2 had significantly longer survival than those treated with best supportive care alone. In addition, symptom control was better for patients who received chemotherapy. The TAX 320 trial found that treatment with docetaxel 75 or 100 mg/m2 resulted in significantly higher response rates than treatment with vinorelbine (Navelbine) or ifosfamide (Mitoxana), and the 1-year survival rate was also significantly better for patients treated with docetaxel 75 mg/m2. A large randomized trial compared pemetrexed (LY-231514 or Alimta) 500 mg/m2 with docetaxel 75 mg/m2. Response and survival rates were similar in the two treatment arms, however, the toxicity profile of pemetrexed was superior to that of docetaxel with significantly less Grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. Fewer patients in the pemetrexed arm required hospitalization. Topotecan (Hycamtin) 2.3 mg/m2/day orally for 5 days has been compared with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 in a large 800-patient study. The results of this trial are awaited. Gemcitabine (Gemzar) and irinotecan (Campto) have been evaluated both as single agents and in combination with each other and study results do not suggest that either of these drugs is superior to docetaxel or pemetrexed. The vinca alkaloid vinorelbine has proved to be inferior to docetaxel in a randomized trial. The epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa) and erlotinib (CP-358774, OSI 774, Tarceva) have been evaluated in Phase II trials in the second- and third-line setting. Both drugs have demonstrated interesting response rates ranging from 10 to almost 20%. The results of placebo-controlled randomized trials of this family of drugs are awaited. In summary, several studies have now found a definite role for the second-line treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Second-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. 1293 56

We carried out a single-center series with the combination of irinotecan (CPT-11) plus protracted 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion as second-line chemotherapy for patients previously treated with a single-agent fluoropyrimidine as monotherapy or in combination with oxaliplatin. Twenty-five patients diagnosed with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) received CPT-11 300 mg/m2 every 3 weeks plus 5-FU 250 mg/m2/day as a protracted infusion. Results were as follows. Twenty-four of 25 patients were evaluable for response. Two patients achieved a complete response and five a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 28%. Disease stabilization was obtained in 10 patients (40%), resulting in a tumor growth control rate of 68% (17 patients) and disease progression in seven (28%). Median progression-free interval was 6 months and median overall survival was 12 months. Neutropenia and diarrhea appeared as the most frequent adverse events, being grade 3/4 in 12 and 16% of patients, respectively. Mucositis, emesis, and hand and foot syndrome were mild. We conclude that protracted 5-FU infusion plus CPT-11 is an active and safe regimen for patients with advanced CRC. A phase III trial comparing this schedule with conventional CPT-11 monotherapy is warranted.
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PMID:5-fluorouracil as a protracted continuous infusion plus irinotecan (CPT-11) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with fluoropyrimidine-based regimens as first line. 1296 Jul 38


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