Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF), produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells, was conducted in 46 patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Each patient received 2 cycles of CHOP therapy. rG-CSF (2 micrograms/kg/day) or its placebo was given subcutaneously to each patient for 14 days from 2 days after initiation of the chemotherapy, in a cross-over fashion. rG-CSF significantly increased the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) at nadir, and reduced the number of days with ANC less than 1,000/mm3 and also the number of days for recovery to ANC greater than or equal to 2,000/mm3. Bone marrow examination showed a significant increase in the number of myeloid cells after rG-CSF treatment. 12 infective episodes were observed during placebo cycles, while 6 infective episodes were observed during rG-CSF cycles. No serious side effects were observed. We concluded that rG-CSF was effective in neutropenia induced by intensive chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:[A double-blind, cross-over clinical trial of recombinant human G-CSF on neutropenia induced by chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 170 32

Normal dogs were treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) at 10 micrograms/kg/day for 30 d, which caused an initial neutrophilia, followed by a prolonged period of chronic neutropenia. A control dog treated with recombinant canine G-CSF (rcG-CSF) showed persistent neutrophilia over 3 mo. Serum from dogs during neutropenia contained an antibody to rhG-CSF, which neutralized the stimulatory effects of both rhG-CSF and rcG-CSF on dog marrow neutrophilic progenitor cell growth and on NFS-60 cell proliferation. 4 mo after discontinuation of rhG-CSF, the dogs' neutrophil counts returned to the normal range. Rechallenge with the rhG-CSF re-induced severe neutropenia in 1 wk. Neutropenia was transferred by plasma infusion from a neutropenic dog to a previously normal dog. These data suggest that human rhG-CSF immunizes normal dogs and thereby induces neutralization of endogenous canine G-CSF and neutropenia. This model system should allow more precise definition of the in vivo role of G-CSF.
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PMID:Chronic neutropenia. A new canine model induced by human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 170 19

The effects of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on the myelosuppression, especially neutropenia, induced by cancer chemotherapy in patients with urogenital cancer were investigated in a randomized, controlled clinical study. In this study, rG-CSF was given subcutaneously at a dose of 2 micrograms/kg per day for 14 consecutive days. Changes in neutrophil counts were compared between the first (no rG-CSF) and second cycles (rG-CSF treatment period) of chemotherapy. rG-CSF administration was found to be effective in reducing the duration of neutropenia, in elevating the neutrophil nadir, and in reducing recovery time. Based on comparisons between the randomized rG-CSF treatment group (with rG-CSF) and the control group, treatment with rG-CSF resulted in the moderation or prevention of neutropenia and the acceleration of recovery. These results demonstrate that in chemotherapy of patients with urogenital cancer, in which neutropenia is a dose- or schedule-limiting factor, the concomitant use of rG-CSF may enable an increase in the dose (higher single dose or increased dose per unit of time) or shorten the chemotherapy period.
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PMID:Effect of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with urogenital cancer. 170 88

We evaluated the effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) given to 30 patients with hematological malignancies after cytotoxic chemotherapy. The first course of chemotherapy was not treated with rhG-CSF (control), and in the second to fourth courses, rhG-CSF was given by one of the following three ways to the patients (not necessarily in this order): 1) 10 days of administration starting 48 hr after chemotherapy, 2) 5 days of administration starting 48 hr after chemotherapy, and 3) 5 days of administration after the leukocyte counts reached to less than 2,000/microliters. The leukocyte nadirs were significantly higher in the course with 10 days of administration compared with the control course. The time needed for recovery from the leukocyte nadir was significantly shorter in 10-day course and 5-day course after the leukocyte counts reached to less than 2,000/microliters. The therapy spans became significantly shorter with all of the three patterns of administration of rhG-CSF compared with the control course. The number of days on which the leukocyte counts became less than 2,000/microliters were significantly fewer in 10-day course and 5-day course after the leukocyte counts became less than 2,000/microliters. These findings showed that rhG-CSF prevented severe neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy, and (or) assisted the rapid recovery from neutropenia. These effects depend on the timing of its administration.
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PMID:[Timing of administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor after cytotoxic chemotherapy in hematological malignancies]. 170 71

Patients with metastatic germ cell tumors undergoing five-day chemotherapy with etoposide, vinblastin, bleomycin and cisplatinum were given recombinant GM-CSF (mammalian glycosylated, Sandoz/Schering-Plough) at increasing dose levels of 75, 150, 300 or 600 micrograms protein/day in a double blind placebo controlled study. The drug was administered SC twice a day for 5 days starting 24 hours after completion of chemotherapy. Fourteen treatment courses, 10 with GM-CSF and 4 with placebo in 11 patients were evaluable for assessment of toxicity and hematological recovery, and 2 were not evaluable due to complications of progressive germ cell tumor. One patient receiving the highest dose level developed a delayed skin reaction at the site of injection. Fever under 38.5 degrees C and a flu-like syndrome were observed in 4/5 patients receiving the higher two dose levels, but not with lower dose levels or placebo. Two patients experienced mild bone pain. The neutrophil nadir was similar in the two groups, but the duration of neutropenia was significantly shorter in the GM-CSF group. At day 21 of chemotherapy the neutrophil count was 2.57 +/- 1.37 10(9)/l with GM-CSF, and 1.01 +/- 0.56 10(9)/l with placebo (p less than 0.05). Patients receiving GM-CSF could be retreated on day 21, whereas in patients given placebo, retreatment was delayed for an average of 7 days (p less than 0.05). Thus, a 5-day treatment with GM-CSF given subcutaneously resulted in a significant shortening of neutropenia and allowed for the timely administration of the subsequent cycle of chemotherapy.
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PMID:Placebo controlled phase I/II study of subcutaneous GM-CSF in patients with germ cell tumors undergoing chemotherapy. 170 98

The efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on neutropenia was evaluated in 14 patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC). In all patients, including 11 neutropenic patients, 100 or 200 micrograms/m2 of rhG-CSF significantly increased the neutrophil counts. The response was greater in patients with higher neutrophil counts before the treatment, and was also dose-dependent. Although the effect seemed to be less potent, the agent also increased the neutrophil counts even when zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) and other myelosuppressive antiviral agents were administered simultaneously. These observations indicate that rhG-CSF may be beneficial in preventing and treating some secondary infections, and will make it easier to continue therapy with antiviral agents in patients with AIDS or ARC.
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PMID:Efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia in patients with AIDS. 170 65

Leukopenia or pancytopenia as a result of bone marrow dysfunction are manifestations of various diseases or complications of therapeutic regimens. The spectrum of diseases associated with leukopenia is wide and includes congenital as well as acquired neutropenias secondary to conditions such as myelodysplastic syndromes, AIDS, malignant tumors with or without chemotherapy-enhanced neutropenia, bone marrow transplantation or therapeutic or accidental radiation. The morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases is greatly enhanced during neutropenic phases. Over the last few years attempts have been made to shorten the duration and lessen the severity of neutropenia in patients with the above conditions by administration of Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF). Both cytokines were successfully tested in phase I and II trials. Treatment with GM-CSF or G-CSF results in a dose-dependent increase of the neutrophil count. GM-CSF also increases the number of eosinophils and monocytes in peripheral blood. The effect of both cytokines on the neutrophil count is transient as long as the underlying disease persists. This prompted the institution of maintenance therapy, which has been successfully used with either cytokine. Long-term treatment is usually well tolerated and results in a reduction in the frequency of infections as well as in the duration of antibiotic treatments. Side effects of GM-CSF or G-CSF are usually mild and include fever, myalgia, bone pain, and erythema. A number of patients developed dyspnea, hypotension, sweating, flushing and erythema after the first dose of GM-CSF in each treatment cycle. This first-dose reaction occurs more frequently after intravenous than reactions were reported with G-CSF. Some patients with myelodysplastic syndrome progressed to acute myeloic leukemia during or after treatment with GM-CSF or G-CSF. Most of these patients presented with an increased fraction of blasts in the bone marrow, which preceded the treatment with the colony stimulating factors. Since GM-CSF and possibly G-CSF may increase the risk of developing acute leukemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, it appears prudent to limit the use of these cytokines in patients with this disease. The subcutaneous route of administration appears to be preferable to intravenous administration, since the incidence and severity of side effects are reduced. While many questions concerning dosage, long-term therapy and combination therapy still remain unanswered, the information presented in this review concerning the clinical use of these cytokines warrants an optimistic outlook.
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PMID:[GM-CSF and G-CSF: cytokines in clinical application]. 170 94

A patient with chronic idiopathic neutropenia, who had been suffering from repeated infections, was successfully treated with recombinant granulocyte stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). Subcutaneous injection of 30 micrograms/m2 rhG-CSF every two days was sufficient to maintain the neutrophil count at approximately 1,000/microliter. The patient has lived without any evidence of infection for the last 10 months using that treatment. There were no side effect caused by rhG-CSF and antibodies against G-CSF were not detected in the patient's plasma.
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PMID:Successful treatment of chronic idiopathic neutropenia using recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 170 72

Granulo-monocytic growth factors are important members of the family of growth factors which alter the biological response. These factors are glycoproteins and are hormones regulating the production of haematopoietic cells and show their adaptation to possible needs. There are four which are currently well recognised; they are now grouped collectively under the term colony-stimulating factor and of these two, GM-CSF and G-CSF are available thanks to genetic engineering and have reached the stage of therapeutic trials. It is essentially the treatment of solid tumours which should lead to the most profound changes in the current management of cytotoxic drugs because they may allow an increase of the dose and a shortening of the duration of the phase of neutropenia and thus the infection risk. In therapeutic pneumonology they would be able to be used as an adjuvant to chemotherapy in small cell cancers and available in protocols using polychemotherapy with a risk of marrow suppression, indeed even permitting the practice of intensified chemotherapy regimes with or without the support of bone marrow graft. However the clinical experience acquired using growth factors remains limited and is almost exclusively restricted to the haematological domain. Although the secondary effects appear tolerable their harmlessness--and notably the absence of a stimulating effect on tumour growth--remains to be shown before extension of their use will lead to any changes of therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:[Granulo-monocyte growth factors. Their value in pneumonologic oncologic practice]. 170 51

The clinical effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF), produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells, was studied in 27 patients with childhood neutropenias. The sample consisted of 8 patients with congenital neutropenia (Kostmann type), 9 with neutropenia with miscellaneous causes (5 chronic benign, 2 associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, 1 drug-induced, and 1 hypoplastic type), 3 with cyclic neutropenia, and 7 with severe aplastic anemia. The rG-CSF was given subcutaneously (or in a few cases intravenously) at a dose of 2 micrograms/kg/day for 7 days and 5 micrograms/kg/day for additional 7 to 28 days in cases with poor response. The rG-CSF was effective in 18 of 27 cases (67%). Patients with congenital neutropenia and aplastic anemia responded less frequently and poorly. The mean level of absolute neutrophil counts of 8 congenital neutropenia cases increased from 88/microliters to 2,718/microliters. That of 9 miscellaneous cases changed from 189/microliters to 7,224/microliters at a dose of 2 micrograms/kg/day. In 7 aplastic anemia cases pretreatment level of 220/microliters rose to 851/microliters, usually after increasing the dose up to 5 micrograms/kg/day. The rG-CSF was apparently effective in 3 cases of cyclic neutropenia. In any type of neutropenia, the effect was largely transient; after the discontinuation of rG-CSF, the absolute neutrophil counts tended to decrease to pretreatment levels within 1 to 2 weeks. The G-CSF was well tolerated, and only one case with mild lumbago and another with minimal elevation of transaminases were observed. We conclude that the rG-CSF can be effective for treating various types of childhood neutropenia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on childhood neutropenias]. 171 Feb 94


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