Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two horses were presented with lethargy, weight loss, anorexia, and swelling of the limbs and ventral body wall. One horse, a 12-month-old American Paso Fino colt, also had acute abdominal pain. The other horse, a seven-month-old Tennessee Walking Horse (TWH) filly passed diarrheic stools during the initial examination. Each horse had low serum protein, neutropenia, and a normal packed cell volume (3.2 g/dl, 1300 cells/ul, and 38%, respectively, for the colt, and 2.4 g/dl, 696 cells/ul, and 44%, respectively for the filly). After intravenously administering plasma, the colt's PCV dropped to 23%, and the filly's dropped to 30%. During exploratory surgery, 3.5 and 2.0 meters of thickened terminal small intestine were removed from the colt and filly respectively, and a jejunocecostomy performed. The results of histologic examination of resected intestine were consistent with a diagnosis of equine granulomatous enteritis (EGE). Both horses showed clinical improvement within two days after surgery. The colt developed a neutrophilia (20,500 cells/ul) within 24 hours of surgery. Serum protein concentrations remained stable and gradually elevated to normal or near normal values of 7.0 g/dl (colt) and 5.8 g/dl (filly) by two weeks. The colt was killed four months after surgery because of signs of abdominal pain. Postmortem examination revealed a small intestinal volvulus associated with an adhesion. The TWH filly remains clinically normal 13 months after surgery.
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PMID:Effect of intestinal resection on two juvenile horses with granulomatous enteritis. 236 25

A 36-year-old woman developed neutropenia following chemotherapy for inoperable carcinoma of the cervix. She suffered acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and peritonitis of rapid onset. The right hemicolon and 15 cm of terminal ileum were resected at laparotomy and this showed marked edema of the cecum and ileo-cecal valve associated with superficial ulceration of the valve. There was necrosis of submucosal tissues and the muscle wall which contained a large number of Gram-positive bacilli. These showed positive membrane immunofluorescence with specific anti-Clostridium septicum antisera. We identify a case of enterocolitis due to Clostridium septicum infection. This is associated with neutropenia and is often fatal due to the rapid course of and failure to recognize the infection.
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PMID:Clostridium septicum infection in neutropenic enterocolitis. 321 99

A 38-year-old woman with chronic, noncyclic neutropenia had an episode of acute abdominal pain associated with clostridial septicemia. Clostridium paraputrificum was isolated from blood and peritoneal cultures. The pathogenic potential of C paraputrificum was established by surgical biopsy specimens which demonstrated necrotizing enterocolitis with the typical gram-positive rods. This report strengthens a recognized, established association between neutropenia and clostridial infection.
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PMID:Necrotizing enterocolitis associated with Clostridium paraputrificum septicemia. 334 Aug 84

A review of 58 patients with malignancies (age range, 14-73 years), who required surgical consultation for acute abdominal pain in the setting of neutropenia (granulocyte count less than 1000/mm3) after chemotherapy was conducted. Ninety percent had fevers greater than 37.8 degrees C, 30% had diarrhea or melena, and 25% had diminished bowel sounds. Five of the 29 patients (17%) with localized pain had surgical intervention; 3 of 29 patients (10%) with generalized pain underwent operations (2 for x-ray findings). All eight of these surgically treated patients survived to leave the hospital. Eighteen of the 29 patients with generalized pain were believed to have a similar syndrome of diarrhea (occasionally heme positive) and diffuse abdominal tenderness (some with peritoneal signs and distension), which was termed "neutropenic enteropathy." Eleven of these 18 patients had their symptoms resolve with antibiotic therapy, aggressive fluid replacement, and a return of their granulocyte count to normal. The other seven died of pneumonia (two), unknown causes (one), and diffuse enterocolitis throughout the intestinal tract (four documented at autopsy). The overall 30-day mortality rate in this series was 34%. Several factors correlated significantly with mortality: hypotension at the onset of pain (80% mortality), bacteremia (63% mortality), and fungemia (100% mortality). Absolute leukocyte count and absolute platelet count did not correlate with mortality. This study reaffirms that patients with neutropenic enteropathy are best treated conservatively. Patients with surgically correctable disease were identified by specific focal findings on examination or x-ray.
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PMID:Abdominal pain in neutropenic cancer patients. 394 98

The authors take the opportunity, on the basis of a clinical case examined, to revise an uncommon disease: neutropenic colitis. In the presence of an acute abdominal pain and tenderness localized at right lower quadrant, in a patient affected by hematologic neoplasm or by a solid tumor, at the end of a chemotherapeutic treatment with absolute residual neutropenia, we would be strongly oriented to neutropenic colitis. The treatment according to the primary disease and to the patient's poor conditions, will be where possible conservative, reserving the surgical approach only for those cases of absolute necessity.
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PMID:[Neutropenic colitis. A case report]. 941 3

The management of acute myelogenous leukemia is often complicated by infections due to neutropenia, but the appendix is not a common site of infection in adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis may be delayed or even missed because of the lack of characteristic signs and symptoms associated with acute appendicitis in neutropenic patients. Moreover, urgent surgery may lead to high postoperative complications and mortality rates in these patients. The case presented here is of a 33-year-old Hispanic man with acute myelogenous leukemia who developed severe diffuse acute abdominal pain with positive signs of rebound tenderness, fever, and hypotension ten days after receiving reinduction chemotherapy. The patient was at his nadir, with a white blood cell count of 0.2 x 10(9)/L, platelet count of 20 x 10(9)/L, and hemoglobin of 7 g/dL. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen was suspicious for acute appendicitis. The patient underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy that revealed gangrenous appendicitis. No perioperative complications occurred. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7 and his chemotherapy was continued as scheduled. Laparoscopic appendectomy may be considered a primary approach in neutropenic patients because it can be associated with less postoperative infection, hemorrhagic complications, and a lower mortality rate.
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PMID:Laparoscopic appendectomy in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia with neutropenia. 1748 50

A young adult pregnant alpaca was presented with an acute episode of abdominal pain. Hematology revealed mild anemia, neutropenia with a degenerative left shift and moderate toxic changes in neutrophils, hyperfibrinogenemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Abdominal ultrasound showed a small intestinal segment with severely increased wall thickness and collapsed lumen. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a markedly thickened 60cm jejunal segment with reddened serosa from which a full-thickness biopsy and samples for bacterial culture were obtained. Histopathology revealed severe coccidian enteropathy with secondary bacterial enteritis. Anaerobic culture yielded Clostridium perfringens, while fecal sugar flotation yielded Eimeria macusaniensis and Eimeria punoensis. The alpaca was treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs, sulfadimethoxine, and anti-inflammatory drugs. The alpaca made a gradual recovery and had a term pregnancy. This communication demonstrates the potential pathogenicity of E. macusaniensis in adult alpacas. Coccidian enteropathy should be considered in adult alpacas with gastrointestinal signs including acute abdominal pain and hypoproteinemia.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of Eimeria macusaniensis in an adult alpaca with signs of colic. 1803 57