Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve light horse geldings developed laminitis within 8 to 12 h of being dosed by nasogastric tube with an aqueous extract of black walnut (Juglans nigra). Four of the 12 horses developed the severe signs of grade 3 laminitis (lame at a walk, refused to lift feet). Laminitis was accompanied by mild depression and limb oedema. There was no evidence of shock or colic. The horses developed neutropenia by 4 h after dosing with the extract, which shifted to a relative neutrophilia by 8 to 12 h. Minimal increases in plasma epinephrine and cortisol concentrations were suggested in severely affected horses. Severe laminitis was characterized by necrosis of dermal tips of dorsal primary epidermal laminae. A proliferative epithelial response in these laminae was distinguished by numerous mitotic figures and clusters of epithelial cells. This evidence suggests that black walnut toxicosis is not only a consistent clinical model, but is also a reliable clinico-pathological and pathological model for study of the pathogenesis and treatment of laminitis.
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PMID:Black walnut (Juglans nigra) toxicosis: a model for equine laminitis. 206 31

The clinical signs in 21 adult horses affected by peritonitis (unassociated with gastrointestinal rupture or surgical interference of the abdomen) included colic (18 cases), pyrexia (15 cases), weight loss (six cases) and diarrhoea (five cases). The diagnosis was based on a nucleated cell count in peritoneal fluid greater than 10(10)/litre. Haematological abnormalities (either neutropenia or neutrophilia) were present in 17 animals, and hyperfibrinogenaemia was identified in 14. Twelve of the 21 horses survived after intensive antibiotic therapy; the other nine were destroyed either at exploratory laparotomy or after continued clinical deterioration. Necrosis or perforation of the bowel wall was found post mortem in eight of the horses.
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PMID:Peritonitis in adult horses: a review of 21 cases. 226 Feb 61

The toxicity of irinotecan (CPT-11), a topoisomerase-I inhibitor largely used in cancer patients, was investigated as a function of the circadian time of its administration in mice, with mortality, body weight loss, leukopenia, neutropenia, intestinal lesions, and bone marrow cell cycle phase distribution as end points. Four experiments were performed on a total of 773 male mice standardized with 12h light/12h darkness. Irinotecan was administered daily for 4 or 10 consecutive days (D1-4 and D1-10, respectively, in different experiments) at one of six circadian stages expressed in hours after light onset (HALO). The survival curves differed significantly as a function of the dosage and circadian time of drug administration by the D1-10 schedule, with 70% survival at 7 or 11 HALO and 51% at 19 or 23 HALO (p=0.039 from log rank test). CPT-11 administration at 19 or 23 HALO resulted in (1) greatest mean body weight loss at nadir; (2) most severe colic and bone marrow lesions and/or slowest recovery; and (3) deepest neutropenia nadir and/or slowest hematologic recovery. These circadian treatment time-related differences were statistically validated. The bone marrow cell cycle data revealed a four to eight-fold larger G2-M phase arrest following irinotecan administration at 19 or 23 HALO in comparison to the other times of drug administration, apparently representative of the repair of more extensive DNA damage (p < 0.001 from ANOVA) when the medication was given at these circadian times. Overall, CPT-11 was better tolerated by mice treated during the light (animals' rest) span. The results support the administration of CPT-11 to cancer patients in the second half of the night, during sleep, in order to improve drug tolerability.
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PMID:Circadian rhythm of irinotecan tolerability in mice. 1547 Sep 58

A 22-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse mare was presented to the Auburn University Large Animal Teaching Hospital with a 3-day history of lethargy, anorexia, and mild signs of colic. The mare had a several-month history of weight loss and refractory cough. Physical examination revealed an increased respiratory rate, and crackles and wheezes were heard on thoracic auscultation. Thoracic ultrasonographic examination showed disseminated, minor, bilateral comet tail-like lesions on the parietal pleural surfaces. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination was unremarkable. Trans-rectal palpation revealed a firm small colon impaction with concomitant diarrhea. Laboratory data were characterized by a very pronounced acute inflammatory leukogram with severe neutropenia and significant left shift, evidence of hepatocellular damage/necrosis, cholestasis, and possibly mixed metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. On cytologic evaluation of a peritoneal fluid sample, there were many large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Large numbers of LGL were also observed on cytologic examination of a subsequent transtracheal wash. The final cytologic interpretation was disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology. Due to worsening of the clinical signs and poor prognosis, the mare was euthanized. On necropsy and in histopathologic examination, disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology was noted in a mesenteric lymph node, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, and right dorsal colon. Lymphoma with LGL morphology is rarely diagnosed in the horse. This report provides unique cytologic findings of a case of disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology in a horse, confirmed with histopathologic evaluation.
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PMID:Disseminated lymphoma with large granular lymphocyte morphology diagnosed in a horse via abdominal fluid and transtracheal wash cytology. 2594 65

A new enteric virus of adult horses, equine coronavirus (ECoV), has recently been recognized. It is associated with fever, lethargy, anorexia, and less frequently, colic and diarrhea. This enteric virus is transmitted via the feco-oral route and horses become infected by ingesting fecally contaminated feed and water. Various outbreaks have been reported since 2010 from Japan, Europe and the USA. While the clinical signs are fairly non-specific, lymphopenia and neutropenia are often seen. Specific diagnosis is made by the detection of ECoV in feces by either quantitative real-time PCR, electron microscopy or antigen-capture ELISA. Supportive treatment is usually required, as most infections are self-limiting. However, rare complications, such as endotoxemia, septicemia and hyperammonemia-associated encephalopathy, have been reported, and have been related to the loss of barrier function at the intestinal mucosa. This review article will focus on the latest information pertaining to the virus, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, pathology, treatment and prevention of ECoV infection in adult horses.
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PMID:Enteric coronavirus infection in adult horses. 2942 82

Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is an emerging virus associated clinically and epidemiologically with fever, depression, anorexia and less frequently colic and diarrhoea in adult horses. Sporadic cases and outbreaks have been reported with increased frequency since 2010 from Japan, the USA and more recently from Europe. A faeco-oral transmission route is suspected and clinical or asymptomatic infected horses appear to be responsible for direct and indirect transmission of ECoV. A presumptive clinical diagnosis of ECoV infection may be suggested by clinical presentation, haematological abnormalities such as leucopenia due to lymphopenia and/or neutropenia. Confirmation of ECoV infection is provided by specific ECoV nucleic acid detection in faeces by quantitative PCR (qPCR) or demonstration of coronavirus antigen by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy in intestinal biopsy material obtained ante or post mortem. The disease is generally self-limiting and horses typically recover with symptomatic supportive care. Complications associated with disruption of the gastrointestinal barrier have been reported in some infected horses and include endotoxaemia, septicaemia and hyperammonaemia-associated encephalopathy. Although specific immunoprophylactic measures have been shown to be effective in disease prevention for closely-related coronaviruses such as bovine coronavirus (BCoV), such strategies have yet not been investigated for horses and disease prevention is limited to basic biosecurity protocols. This article reviews current knowledge concerning the aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, pathology, treatment and prevention of ECoV infection in adult horses.
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PMID:Equine coronavirus: An emerging enteric virus of adult horses. 3231 92

Neutropenic enterocolitis is a clinical condition characterized by inflammation of the colic mucosa, usually the caecum, associated with bowel wall thickening in patients with compromised immune system due to chemotherapy treatments. It can occur as well in other clinical conditions that lead to immunosuppression. Clinically, patients present with abdominal pain, fever, and neutropenia on blood tests. A number of major and minor criteria have been suggested for the clinical diagnosis of typhlitis. The most sensitive radiological investigation is represented by a computed tomography scan. There are no guidelines for treatment, but some factors may lead the clinician to medical treatments or prompt surgery as the best choice in that particular patient. The most implicated chemotherapeutic regimens are those based on taxanes. Here, we present a clinical case of a young patient with breast cancer and a review of the state of the art of knowledge regarding neutropenic enterocolitis in adult patients undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
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PMID:Neutropenic Enterocolitis in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. 3239 14