Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A spontaneous multifocal subcutaneous fibromatosis is described in 6 pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (simian AIDS). The lesions consisted of a proliferation of vascular fibrous tissue that was infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. One animal also had retroperitoneal fibromatosis, which has also been found in this colony of pig-tailed macaques. Progressive weight loss, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, and neutropenia were seen. Peripheral lymph nodes were hyperplastic, and there was splenomegaly. Aggregates of lymphocytes were present in the bone marrow, kidneys, liver, and lungs. Type D retrovirus particles were found in three nodules by electron microscopy; intracytoplasmic type A and budding particles were identified in fibroblasts. In a setting of acquired immunodeficiency, these subcutaneous tumors in pig-tailed macaques present a striking analogy to Kaposi's sarcoma in human AIDS.
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PMID:Subcutaneous fibromatosis associated with an acquired immune deficiency syndrome in pig-tailed macaques. 401 42

The safety of ceftriaxone was compared with that of amoxicillin in a randomized study of 91 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. The origin of infection was similar in the two groups. It was proven or probable Streptococcus pneumoniae in 50 percent of the patients and remained uncertain in 40 percent. Ninety percent of the patients who received ceftriaxone were clinically cured compared with 69 percent of those given amoxicillin (p less than 0.05). However, this difference was not apparent among the patients with proven or probable pneumococcal pneumonia. No severe clinical side effects were observed. Cutaneous reactions were more prevalent in the amoxicillin group, whereas mild diarrhea and mucosal candidiasis were more frequent in the ceftriaxone group. Reversible neutropenia was observed in two patients treated with ceftriaxone and none of those treated with amoxicillin.
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PMID:Tolerance study of ceftriaxone compared with amoxicillin in patients with pneumonia. 609 20

Cefoperazone was used for the treatment of 105 febrile episodes in 103 patients with cancer. A dose of 12 g/day was administered according to two different schedules, one for neutropenic patients (neutrophil count, less than 1,000/mm3), the other for nonneutropenic patients. The rate of response for 85 episodes of documented infection was 68%. The rates of response for patients with bacteremia and pneumonia were 72% and 41%, respectively; all patients with soft-tissue and urinary-tract infections responded. Fifty-five percent of patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common gram-negative organism causing infection, responded to therapy. Among patients infected with Staphylococcus aureus, the most common gram-positive organism causing infection, 82% responded. As expected, the rate of response was higher for patients with adequate neutrophil counts. In neutropenic patients the overall response was good, particularly when the neutropenia resolved. However, the occasional occurrence of resistant strains of bacteria precludes the use of cefoperazone alone as initial therapy for neutropenic patients. Toxic adverse reactions, including drug-induced fever, diarrhea, and rash, occurred rarely and were transient. This study indicates that cefoperazone has low toxicity and is effective for the treatment of infections in patients with cancer.
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PMID:Cefoperazone for the treatment of infections in patients with cancer. 622 89

The clinical and laboratory features of 96 children aged 6 to 36 months with acute rotavirus diarrhoea were compared to findings on 63 children of the same age with acute non-rotavirus diarrhoea. Of the rotavirus-associated cases 80% occurred between January and June. In general, the diarrhoea was more severe in these patients than in the others, but no difference was seen in duration of symptoms. Clinical features characteristic of rotavirus-associated cases included: dehydration and acidosis upon admission, vomiting, fever, neutropenia and sugar in the stools (Clinitest greater than or equal to 0.5%). In contrast, no difference was seen in the occurrence of respiratory symptoms (53% in the rotavirus, 62% in the non-rotavirus group), or in the presence of mucus strands, occult blood or leucocytes in stools. A combination of the above criteria may be helpful in the presumptive diagnosis of rotavirus diarrhoea.
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PMID:A prospective clinical study of rotavirus diarrhoea in young children. 625 82

Copper deficiency anemia occurs in some specific situations if supplemental copper is not given: low birth-weight premature infants fed milk only, protracted total parenteral nutrition, chronic diarrhea with severe malnutrition. Severe neutropenia precedes the onset of sideroblastic anemia. Iron therapy is ineffective. Diagnosis is established by the low serum copper concentrations, the delayed osseous anomalies, and the dramatic response to copper therapy. Low serum vitamin E concentrations may be found in low birth-weight premature infants aged six to ten weeks with hemolytic anemia. In such cases, vitamin E therapy is effective. This condition occurs more often in infants fed milk formulas without supplemental copper and in infants given high doses of iron. Whether vitamin E deficiency causes anemia is still an open question. Preventive vitamin E supplementation is only partly effective.
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PMID:[Rare nutritional deficiency anemia: deficiency of copper and vitamin E]. 630 91

Basic and clinical studies were made on cefmenoxime (CMX) in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. 1. The antibacterial activity of CMX against clinically isolated and maintained strains was examined. CMX had stronger antibacterial activity than CEZ against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but CEZ had stronger antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. 2. The blood concentrations of CMX, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a one-shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CMX were 33.6, 15.1, 4.5, 2.5 and 0.6 mcg/ml, respectively, with the half-life of 1.04 hours. 3. The blood concentrations of CMX, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg of CMX were 32.0, 55.2, 8.4, 4.2 and 1.0 mcg/ml, respectively, with the half-lite of 0.96 hour. 4. A complete or partial clinical response to therapy with CMX was obtained in all 10 children with infectious diseases. 5. Bacteriological examination made on 3 patients showed that all bacteria had been eradicated, and that therapy was effective. The bacteria were E. coli in 2 patients and Proteus mirabilis in 1 patient. 6. The side effects produced were neutropenia, eosinophilia and skin eruption in 1 patient, and diarrhea in 1 patient.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in pediatric field]. 630 95

The clinical efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone, a long half-life cephalosporin were evaluated in 48 children with a variety of serious bacterial infections. Clinical cure was achieved in 92% (44 of 48) of patients. Peak serum bactericidal titres for Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Str. pyogenes and Escherichia coli were greater than or equal to 1:1024. Mean peak and trough ceftriaxone levels were 173 and 42 mg/l, respectively. Mild and transient diarrhoea was observed in 10% of patients. Laboratory side effects encountered were eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and neutropenia in another 8%. Ceftriaxone is a useful antibiotic for common childhood infections. Its prolonged half-life allows twice daily administration which reduces problems related to intravenous therapy as well as the cost and personnel time.
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PMID:Twice daily ceftriaxone therapy for serious bacterial infections in children. 633 22

Seventeen ponies were infected with Salmonella typhimurium and then 15 were variously stressed by transportation and/or surgery and 9 were given oxytetracycline. Indications of Salmonella reactivation occurred in all the stressed ponies. Diarrhea due to a reactivation of the Salmonella infection did not develop until greater than 3 days after stress, although maximal shedding of organisms occurred within 24 hours. A neutropenia generally occurred within 24 hours after stress and lasted about 5 days. A rectal temperature greater than 39 C usually did not occur. An increase in serologic titer was noticed in about half of the ponies. Transportation had a major role in reactivating the Salmonella infection, and 1 pony died of peracute colitis. The use of oxytetracycline prolonged the excretion of Salmonella; therefore, this drug should not be used after stress, particularly transportation, in ponies that have diarrhea or are known to be Salmonella carriers.
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PMID:Effects of transportation, surgery, and antibiotic therapy in ponies infected with Salmonella. 633 37

A randomized study was conducted in patients who had measurable metastatic colorectal cancer to compare the relative efficacy and toxicities of oral tegafur (1 gm/m2/days 1-21) with those of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu, 500 mg/m2/days 1-4, then 250 mg/m2 on days 6, 8, 10, 12). The treatment courses were repeated every 4 weeks. Patients not responding to 5-Fu treatment were switched to tegafur. Randomization was stratified for presence or absence of liver metastasis and performance status. Partial responses were observed with 5-Fu, 6/32 (19%), tegafur, 7/35 (20%), and in patients who had been switched to tegafur after failing on 5-Fu, 1/20 (5%) with patients evaluable for response. Neutropenia was more common with 5-Fu (32% vs. 1% of treatment courses). Nausea occurred in about half the treatment courses; vomiting occurred in only 22%. Mucositis and diarrhea were more common with 5-Fu and severe in patients with liver function impairment. Neurologic toxicities due to tegafur were mild and occurred in less than 10% of the treatment courses. Oral tegafur and I.V. 5-Fu were equally effective against colorectal cancer, but tegafur was associated with minimal myelosuppression, which makes it suitable for use in combination with myelosuppressive antitumor agents.
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PMID:A comparative study of oral tegafur and intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. 640 17

Thirty-two patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to 5-fluorouracil-containing regimens received aclacinomycin A (ACM-A) on a single-dose I.V. schedule administered over 4 hours every 3 weeks. Good-risk patients received ACM-A at the starting daily dose of 100 mg/m2 while patients who had had therapy with radiation or myelosuppressive drugs such as mitomycin C or a nitrosourea compound received an initial daily dose of 80 mg/m2. There were no complete or partial remissions in this study. Twelve of 30 evaluable patients had disease stabilization. Nausea and vomiting were the dose-limiting toxic effects; myelosuppression was moderate, with neutropenia more severe than thrombocytopenia. Other toxic effects included diarrhea (in 53% of the treatment courses), phlebitis (36%), and mucositis (27%). Alopecia was rare and occurred in 3% of treatment courses, while none of the patients developed clinical manifestation of cardiac toxicity. Aclacinomycin-A administered by the single-dose schedule as used in this study is not effective against colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of aclacinomycin A (ACM-A, NSC208734) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. 657 70


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