Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) is an association of symptoms and signs not directly related to the site or local manifestations of a malignant tumor or its metastases. Hematologic abnormalities as PNS include erythrocytosis, anemia, neutrophilia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, venous thromboembolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). These abnormalities are, by and large, due to the production of biologically active growth factors, hormones or as yet unidentified "humors" by the tumor. As our understanding of growth factors controlling hematopoiesis has increased in recent years, the biologic basis of hematologic PNS are better understood. For instance, tumor-associated neutrophilia is now known to be caused by the production of G-CSF by the tumor. The mechanism by which tumor causes thromboembolism have also been extensively investigated. Cancer cells induce platelet aggregation both in vitro and in vivo. Platelet aggregating material has been isolated and partially characterized from tumor cells. The involvement of platelet glycoprotein II b/IIIa in the tumor-platelet interaction has also been shown. Malignant cells contain a unique procoagulant, cancer procoagulant A, that directly activates factor X. Together with tissue factor, this procoagulant appears to have been contribute to a high incidence of thromboembolism in cancer patients. Better understanding of hematologic PNS is important for clinical care of the patients with cancer.
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PMID:[Paraneoplastic syndrome hematologic abnormalities]. 200 36

Hematological parameters were studied in normotensive and spontaneous hypertensive rats along with those treated with chronic subcutaneous injections of CCl4. The normotensive animals treated with CCl4 demonstrated an erythrocytosis with an increase in the hematocrit levels. A lymphocytosis was seen with neutropenia in both CCl4 treated and untreated normotensive groups. The SHR animals compared to their normotensive counterparts had a lesser degree of lymphocytosis with an increase in the number of neutrophils. There was no blood pressure change in the normotensive CCl4 treated group, however a significant blood pressure difference was observed in the SHR group after CCl4 treatment.
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PMID:Hematological and blood pressure studies in the CCl4 treated rats. 379 7

Pregnancies complicated by the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) have been associated with both a poor maternal and a poor neonatal outcome in several publications. Because many studies were small and gave only scant information regarding the infants, we analyzed the clinical course of 89 neonates born to mothers with the HELLP syndrome. Ninety-eight percent of the neonates were born by cesarean section. Infants with a maternal HELLP syndrome were often small for gestational age (39%). The incidence of perinatal asphyxia was found to be 5.6%. Additionally, the affected very low birthweight (VLBW) infants had relatively high incidences of leukopenia (21%), neutropenia (33%), and thrombocytopenia (33%). Initially, 54% of the LBW infants were found to have normoblasts and 25% erythrocytosis. The incidence of these changes in blood cell count increased with decreasing birthweight. Nosocomial infections occurred more often in infants with a reduced neutrophil count. The overall mortality rate was 56 per 1000. Comparing the statistics of the VLBW infants with a maternal HELLP syndrome (n = 32) to all infants with a birthweight less than 1500 g (n = 521) during the investigational period, we found a similar mortality rate (9.3% and 8.4%, respectively). The pulmonary morbidity was also similar. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in VLBW infants with a maternal HELLP syndrome was lower (12.5% versus 18.2%) and of necrotizing enterocolitis was higher (6.2% versus 1.9%).
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PMID:Maternal hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count, and neonatal outcome. 771 May 66

The complete peripheral blood count analysis including laboratory screening tests of haemostasis and coagulation should be done in every patient before surgery, in order to detect specific abnormalities for primary or secundary haematologic disorder. These abnormalities might be very important course of perioperative and postoperative complications. Anaemia is the most frequent haematologic abnormality seen during preoperative period. Therapy approach depends on the type and anaemia degree, and also on the type and time of surgery. If surgery is not urgent specific therapy according to the anaemia type (iron therapy, vitamin B12, folic acid, corticosteroids, recombinant erythropoietin) should be given in all anaemias with deficiency of iron, megaloblastic anaemias, acquired haemolytic anaemias and anaemias in end stage renal disease. Transfusion of red cells are most frequently given in patients with normovolemic anaemias with haemoglobin level of 10.0 g/dl and hematocrit of 0.30, but lower levels in haemodynamic stable patients. Venesections should be done in patients with erythrocytosis in order to reduce total red cell volume, but taking into account the perioperative bleeding. Patients with leukocyte abnormalities suspected on primary haematologic disorder need urgent haematologic diagnostic procedures. In patients with leucocytosis the actual level of neutropenia is the bigger problem than the level of leucocytosis. In those patients treatment generally involves preventing infections, managing of febrile neutropenia with broad spectrum antibiotics and antifungal drugs, treatment with recombinant granulocyte hematopoetic factor, rarely transfusions of granulocyte concentrates and intravenous immunoglobulins.
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PMID:Preoperative preparation of the patient with the abnormalities of red and white blood cells. 2187 54

The purpose of this study is a retrospective estimation of the influence of dose and dose rate of the red bone marrow chronic radiation exposure in combination with various modifying factors (gender, age, comorbidity) on the frequency of deviations from normal values of the results of peripheral blood investigation in humans exposed on the Techa River. The results of investigation show that humans chronically exposed to radiation can develop marked changes in the cellular composition of peripheral blood characterized by a tendency to cytopenia (signs of the decompensation of hemopoiesis). The tendency to cytopenia can be identified earlier in the lymphoid germ, and later in platelet and erythroid lines. A high lability of granulocytes under the influence of various, often infectious, factors is the cause of the lack of statistically significant differences in terms of frequency of neutropenia. Several non-radiation factors (gender, age, health status) in combination with radiation exposure could have a modifying influence on hematopoiesis, which contributed to the disruption of adaptation processes and the development of conditions characterized by a tendency to cytopenias in exposed individuals. The red bone marrow dose rate reduction resulted in a gradual decrease in the frequency of erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and lymphocytopenia in the group of exposed population. Increased frequencies of erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and neutrophilia were observed when the median dose rate was reduced to the level of 0.024 Gy/year (in the year 1956), which could be regarded as activation of regenerative processes in hematopoiesis.
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PMID:[Status of hemapoiesis in residents of the Techa riverside villages in the period of maximum radiation exposure. Report 2. Influence of exposure dose and dose rate of red bone marrow as well as modifying factors on the frequency of cytopenia and cytosis]. 2269 May 75

Renal transplantation has become one of the most common surgical procedures performed to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor. It can help patients with kidney failure live decades longer. However, renal transplantation also faces a risk of developing various blood disorders. The blood disorders typically associated with renal transplantation can be divided into two main categories: (1) Common disorders including post-transplant anemia (PTA), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), post-transplant erythrocytosis (PTE), and post-transplant cytopenias (PTC, leukopenia/neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia); and (2) Uncommon but serious disorders including hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), therapy-related myelodysplasia (t-MDS), and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). Although many etiological factors involve the development of post-transplant blood disorders, immunosuppressive agents, and viral infections could be the two major contributors to most blood disorders and cause hematological abnormalities and immunodeficiency by suppressing hematopoietic function of bone marrow. Hematological abnormalities and immunodeficiency will result in severe clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients. Understanding how blood disorders develop will help cure these life-threatening complications. A potential therapeutic strategy against post-transplant blood disorders should focus on tapering immunosuppression or replacing myelotoxic immunosuppressive drugs with lower toxic alternatives, recognizing and treating promptly the etiological virus, bacteria, or protozoan, restoring both hematopoietic function of bone marrow and normal blood counts, and improving kidney graft survival.
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PMID:Blood disorders typically associated with renal transplantation. 2585 31