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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are a family of regulatory glycoprotein hormones that promote the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells and augment the functions of mature effector cells in vitro. The recent cloning of human genes and the availability of sufficient quantities of recombinant purified growth factors have made it possible to evaluate their therapeutic potential in cytopenic states. Initial studies with GM-CSF have demonstrated its ability to increase neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and aplastic anemia. Both GM-CSF and G-CSF reduce the duration of neutropenia following chemotherapy and accelerate hematopoietic recovery in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Studies are now ongoing to determine the optimal dose, route, schedule of administration, and long-term effects. While the appropriate settings for the use of different CSFs remain to be determined, the initial results of clinical trials are of great interest and suggest that hematopoietic growth factors will play an important role in several clinical arenas.
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PMID:Clinical applications of colony-stimulating factors. 268 11

Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often present with neutropenia. To elucidate the mechanism(s) of this HIV-related neutropenia, we assessed the proliferative capacity of the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell (CFU-GM) from the bone marrow (BM) of 78 patients within the AIDS spectrum manifesting symptoms or signs related to HIV infection. Of these, 70 had a significant deficit in the growth of this committed progenitor when compared with normal controls (P less than .01). Further analysis revealed that the nucleated bone marrow cells from AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients inhibited the growth of CFU-GMs from normal individuals when cocultured in agar (P less than .001). Control CFU-GMs were also inhibited when they were cultured over feeder layers containing patients' BM cells (P less than .001). Conditioned media obtained from the liquid culture of patients' BM cells did not inhibit normal control CFU-GM growth to a degree different from that of the cells themselves (P greater than .4). Analysis of these conditioned media by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed a unique glycoprotein (gp) with a mol wt of 84 kd. Further studies revealed that this gp possessed the inhibitory activity. These data suggest that this gp may be an important factor in HIV-related neutropenia. The presence of gp84 was independent of drugs administered to the patients.
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PMID:A glycoprotein inhibitor of in vitro granulopoiesis associated with AIDS. 366 34

To identify the mechanisms accounting for hemodialysis-induced granulocytopenia, we undertook quantitative kinetic studies of a granulocyte-adhesion-promoting surface glycoprotein (Mo1). In eight patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, there was a fivefold increase in the mean cell-surface expression of Mo1 within 15 minutes after the start of dialysis with a new cuprophane membrane. The peak increase in surface Mo1 coincided with the maximal drop in neutrophil count and with the peak rise in the plasma levels of the complement-activation products C5a desArg and C3a desArg. During dialysis on a membrane being reused for the fifth time, no significant complement activation, no increase in Mo1 expression, and no change in neutrophil count were seen. C5a desArg (but not C3a desArg) induced a comparable increase in Mo1 expression on normal granulocytes in vitro at concentrations similar to those measured in vivo. Chemotactic peptide-induced granulocyte aggregation (a reflection of increased cell-to-cell adhesiveness) was specifically blocked by mouse monoclonal antibodies to Mo1 in vitro. These data suggest that the increased expression of Mo1 on granulocytes in vivo is in part mediated by C5a (and C5a desArg). The quantitative increase in granulocyte-surface Mo1 may provide a mechanism for initiating leukoaggregation, sequestration of granulocytes, and neutropenia during hemodialysis.
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PMID:Increased expression of an adhesion-promoting surface glycoprotein in the granulocytopenia of hemodialysis. 388 72

Plasma fibronectin is regarded to play an important part in a decrease of the resistance to infections. To specify the role of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of infectious complications in patients with depressions of hemopoiesis, the content of this opsonin was measured by ELISA in 113 patients with different patterns of hemoblastoses, lymphoproliferative diseases and with an aplastic syndrome. In 42 patients, the concentration of opsonin was measured in the presence of the superimposed infection of varying gravity. The fibronectin content was examined in 39 patients before, during and after completion of the cytostatic polychemotherapy. It turned out that in patients with paraproteinemic hemoblastoses, lymphogranulomatosis, aplastic anemia, chronic lympholeukemia, acute lympho- and myelo(mono)blastic leukemias, cyclic neutropenia, chronic myelosis and hematosarcomas, the concentration of fibronectin remained normal in the absence of infections. The computation of the linear correlation ratio did not reveal any association between the opsonin level and the concentration of neoplastic elements in the peripheral blood. Repeated measurements of the fibronectin level in patients whose underlying disease ran its course in association with marked neoplastic fever failed to detect any deficiency of the glycoprotein. The lowering of the fibronectin level was recorded in patients with a grave concomitant infection of the type of sepsis, necrotic enteropathy and lobar pneumonia. The degree of opsonin deficiency correlated with the patients' disease gravity. Prolonged reduction in the blood fibronectin level was of unfavourable prognostic importance. Cytostatic polychemotherapy, myelotoxic agranulocytosis as well as infectious complications of low gravity did not influence the concentration of fibronectin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Plasma fibronectin level in patients with depression of hematopoiesis]. 404 64

No single diagnostic test for neonatal sepsis is both rapid and reliable. Combining leukocyte (wbc) counts with acute phase reactants (APR) enhances diagnostic accuracy. The most helpful wbc counts are leukopenia (less than 5.0 x 10(9)/l), increased immature/total neutrophils (greater than or equal to 0.2) and profound neutropenia (less than 1.0 x 10(9)). Of the APR, C-reactive protein responds most rapidly, but alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid), haptoglobin and mini-ESR (greater than or equal to 15 mm/h) are also useful. Rapid, quantitative determinations of APR are now available with nephelometric techniques. Abnormal wbc counts frequently appear before APR changes in group B streptococcal infection. Sequential determinations of wbc counts and APR may provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information.
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PMID:White blood cells and acute phase reactants in neonatal sepsis. 608 34

Six patients exhibiting severe pancytopenia or overt leukemia associated with myelofibrosis after chemotherapy for malignant disease have been investigated by immunologic techniques and ultrastructural cytochemistry. Initially, five patients displayed severe thrombocytopenia contrasting with mild neutropenia and anemia. Bone marrow biopsies showed a clear megakaryocytic proliferation and an excess of immature mononuclear cells. The demonstration of peroxidase activities at the ultrastructural level and immunofluorescence labeling with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including an antiplatelet glycoprotein Ib and an antiglycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, on blood or marrow cells, permitted identification of otherwise unidentifiable promegakaryoblastic proliferation. In two patients, the use of an immunoperoxidase technique with an antifactor VIII-R-Ag antibody has allowed direct confirmation of this diagnosis on bone marrow sections. This megakaryoblastic proliferation was not pure and was variably associated with blasts of other cell lines (erythroblasts or myeloblasts). Changes in the population of blasts were observed during evolution in two patients. The sixth patient had a mild thrombocytopenia associated with severe neutropenia and anemia. Bone marrow biopsy displayed a myelofibrosis and immature cells, without megakaryocytic proliferation. Ultrastructural study revealed a pure basophil-mast cell proliferation. In conclusion, in five of six patients with secondary acute leukemia associated with myelofibrosis, a proliferation of promegakaryoblasts was demonstrated using both immunofluorescent and ultrastructural cytochemical techniques.
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PMID:Therapy-related leukemia associated with myelofibrosis. Blast cell characterization in six cases. 638 Jul 2

Granulocyte--colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim) is a glycoprotein hormone of the hematopoietin family that primarily influences the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocytic precursors. As with all glyco-protein hormones, G-CSF interacts with target cells by binding to specific cell-surface receptors. It stimulates proliferation, differentiation and activation of cells of the neutrophil--granulocyte lineage and has been investigated as therapy for patients with various neutropenic conditions. A major use for recombinant G-CSF therapy will be in ameliorating the neutropenia which follows cytoreductive chemotherapy. The increase in neutrophils produced by this factor render it a useful treatment for conditions such as congenital, acquired and cyclic neutropenias. It may be an effective therapy in myelodysplasia and aplastic anaemia. G-CSF is also useful in accelerating the recovery of transplanted bone marrow in patients with leukaemia, lymphoma and solid tumors. G-CSF is well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse effect is mild to moderate bone pain.
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PMID:[Biological properties and clinical application of filgrastim (G-CSF)]. 750 84

The treatment of systemic candidal infection in neutropenic patients continues to be a major problem, and only 20% of patients survive despite treatment with amphotericin B (Amph B). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a haemopoietic glycoprotein that appears to control the survival, cycle, activation, proliferation and maturation of neutrophil granulocytes and promoter recovery from neutropenia. Confirming previous results, we observed that subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of recombinant human (rh) G-CSF in mice (30 micrograms kg-1 daily) increased the circulating leucocyte count (fourfold) on day 5 of treatment, and led to an expansion of the bone marrow myeloid compartment. The in vivo effect of rhG-CSF on murine resistance to systemic Candida albicans infection was also studied in neutropenic mice. Neutropenia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CPA, 200 mg kg-1) 4 days before C. albicans infection and 2 days before rhG-CSF treatment. rhG-CSF administration showed a protective role on mice infected intravenously (i.v.) with one million C. albicans spores; all the untreated control mice died within 8 days after infection, whereas about 40% of mice treated with rhG-CSF remained alive for the same period. Furthermore, the survival rate was greater in host animals treated with combined Amph B and rhG-CSF than in those treated with Amph B alone. The number of C. albicans colony-forming units (CFU-C. albicans) in the kidney of infected mice was lower in the rhG-CSF-treated group than in the non-treated control mice. This suggests that the severity of infection is decreased in rhG-CSF-treated host animals.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on neutropenic mice infected with Candida albicans: acceleration of recovery from neutropenia and potentiation of anti-C. albicans resistance. 753 Dec 90

Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are glycoprotein growth factors that influence the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Among CFSs granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is thought to be major stimulator of production of human neutrophilic granulocyte. G-CSF have recently moved from the basic research to the clinical use and have been suggested to have important roles in cancer management. Today two kinds of recombinant G-CSF which have similar specific activity are commercially available, one is derived from ovarian cells of Chinese hamster and the other from E. coli. (Variant type of E. coli is now in trial.) Difference of these two is whether carbohydrate chain primarily seen in molecule of natural form is contained or not. In this report recombinant product of G-CSF for the clinical use is introduced. Preclinical study with recombinant G-CSF have suggested that it would stimulate granulocyte production in cancer patients with myelosuppression due to chemotherapy. Thus, after evaluation of toxicities and possible efficacy recombinant G-CSF has been introduced into phase II trial for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in various cancers. In this setting 2 micrograms/kg of subcutaneous administration for 14 days after aggressive chemotherapy was suggested to be optimal and to be acceptable for toxicities including bone pain or headache. In conclusion recombinant G-CSF is thought to be very useful drug for reduction of nadir of cancer chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and shortening of period of neutropenia.
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PMID:[Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)]. 768 Aug 49

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that regulates the proliferation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and modulates the function of mature neutrophils. The responses to administration of G-CSF alone, and in combination with antimicrobials, were studied in an equine model of ascending colon ischemia. Complete segmental colonic ischemia (3.75 hours) with pelvic flexure enterotomy was created in four treatment groups. Group 1 horses received recombinant canine G-CSF (10 micrograms/kg, every 24 hours, intramuscularly), gentamicin sulfate (2.2 mg/kg, every 8 hours, intravenously), and potassium penicillin G (40,000 IU/kg, every 6 hours, intravenously). Group 2 horses were treated with the G-CSF vehicle and antimicrobials as for group 1. Group 3 horses received G-CSF and the antimicrobial drug vehicles, and group 4 horses served as the untreated control receiving G-CSF vehicle and antimicrobial vehicles. The results for 20 horses, five horses in each group, were compared. Treatment with G-CSF was associated with an increased concentration of white blood cells, band neutrophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in the peripheral blood after surgery. Antimicrobial administration had no detectable effect on cell concentrations after surgery. Administration of G-CSF was associated with an increased concentration of nucleated cells in the peritoneal fluid including neutrophils, small mononuclear cells and large mononuclear cells. Horses that developed incisional infections had lower neutrophil concentrations in the peripheral blood on postoperative day 2 than horses without infected incisions. These results suggested that the prophylactic administration of G-CSF may be useful in the treatment of patients at risk for developing neutropenia after surgery.
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PMID:Effects of perioperative granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on horses with ascending colonic ischemia. 769 19


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