Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with acute Kala Azar were studied with DF32P (diisopropylfluorophosphate) and three patients with 51Cr (chromate) in an attempt to delineate the mechanism producing neutropenia in this disease. The granulocyte life span was found to be reduced in all the patients with exception of one who was studied during Glucantim treatment. The surface radioactivity counts showed that the reduced granulocyte life span was due to pooling and probable destruction of granulocytes in the spleen and to a lesser degree in the liver. Bone marrow neutrophil reserve, evaluated by the response to the intravenous hydrocortisone hemisuccinate, was found to be markedly reduced in all patients. An enlarged marginal granulocyte pool indicated also that the neutropenia may be due to altered intravascular granulocyte distribution.
 ...
PMID:Leukokinetic studies in Mediterranean kala azar. 2 57

In vitro studies have been done on haematopoietic cells from a patient with cyclic neutropenia characterized by severe depression of blood neutrophil levels every 21 days. Serial blood counts reveal periodic fluctuations in neutrophils, monocytes and reticulocytes. Agar culture of marrow cells shows normal concentration of colony forming cells. The percentage of colony forming cells in S phase is highly increased during profound neutropenia and normal during the recovery phase relating the granulocyte production to the peripheral neutrophil level. Studies of ingestion rate, bactericidal activity, lactate production and glucose oxidation during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes show normal results. Also the ingestion rate in isolated monocytes is normal. Serial karyotype analyses of marrow cells during the neutrophil cycle display a normal pattern. Serum myeloperoxidase levels vary inversely with the peripheral neutrophil count indicating increased granulopoietic activity during profound neutropenia, which might be associated with non effective granulopoiesis during profound neutropenia, leading to a lack of granulocyte reserves in the marrow.
 ...
PMID:Cell production and cell function in human cyclic neutropenia. 17 16

The possible role of phagocytosis of circulating immune complexes by neutrophils in the production of the neutropenia of Felty's syndrome has been investigated. Normal neutrophils phagocytosed massive inclusions from the sera from twelve of fifteen patients with Felty's syndrome when incubated with these sera. Such inclusions were phagocytosed from only three of fifteen patients with seropositive RA who did not have Felty's syndrome. Normal neutrophils were more effective than patient neutrophils with regard to phagocytosis of inclusions from the patients' serum suggesting a defect in phagocytic function of Felty's neutrophils. The titre of granulocyte-reactive antinuclear antibodies did not appear to be related to the degree of neutropenia. The data suggest that phagocytosis of circulating immune complexes by neutrophils may interfere with the function of these cells in combating infection and also render them susceptible to removal from the circulation thus leading to the development of neutropenia.
 ...
PMID:Phagocytosis of immune complexes by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in patients with Felty's syndrome. 19 98

In an attempt to determine the relationship between neutropenia (absolute granulocyte count less than 1,000/cu mm), infection, and disease status, 20 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were observed for a total of 34 patient-years. Febrile episodes occurred with much greater frequency in patients during the course of treatment induction (0.9/mo), or while in relapse (2.46/mo) than while in remission (0.19/mo). A cause for fever was identified much more frequently in patients in remission, both when neutropenic and nonneutropenic. When absolute granulocyte counts fell below 200/cu mm, a cause for fever was generally identified regardless of disease status. We propose that the majority of febrile episodes in patients at the time of induction of treatment or in relapse with neutrophil counts of more than 200/cu mm are caused by the disease process rather than secondary to a diagnosable infection.
 ...
PMID:Neutropenia, fever, and infection in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. 26 64

Twenty-seven patients receiving a standard cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin regimen as induction of reinduction therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia were randomly assigned to receive lithium carbonate, 300 mg t.i.d., or no lithium. Treatment groups were comparable with respect to age and baseline granulocyte counts. All patients developed granulocyte nadirs below 100/cu mm. By actuarial analysis, the median duration of granulocytopenia, less than 1000/cu mm, was 16.0 days in the lithium group and 24.6 days in the no-lithium group, p = 0.013. The median duration of granulocytes less than 500/cu mm also favored the lithium group but only approached statistical significance: 14.0 days versus 20.5 days, p = 0.054. Lithium levels between 0.5 and 1.0 meq/liter were easily maintained in 11 of 12 patients receiving lithium, 300 mg t.i.d., and toxicity directly attributable to lithium was not observed. Despite the shortened duration of neutropenia, the incidence of infections and the rate of remission were not affected.
 ...
PMID:Lithium and granulocytopenia during induction therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia. 28 86

Following extensive bowel resection, a young woman experienced severe malnutrition; subsequent administration of parenteral nutrition precipitated the copper deficiency syndrome. This consisted of hypocupremia, subnormal ceruloplasmin levels, anemia, and severe neutropenia. The bone marrow was megaloblastic, vacuolated, and sideroblastic; granulocytic maturation was not observed beyond the myelocyte stage. Copper sulfate therapy was followed by a marked reticulocytosis, increase in hematocrit, and recovery of neutrophils. Additional studies indicated that both serum and urinary erythropoietin values were low; serum activity increased after copper supplementation. Abnormal granulopoiesis was demonstrated using the in vitro granulocyte colony assay. The patient's granulcoytic stem cells were normal on two occasions; however, mixing studies showed that culture of the patient's copper-deficient marrow with her copper-deficient serum yielded significantly reduced numbers of granulocyte colonies. Thus, copper appears to be a necessary element for normal hematopoiesis; lack of this trace element may result in ineffective erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis.
 ...
PMID:Observations on the anemia and neutropenia of human copper deficiency. 30 69

Sera from 21 rheumatoid arthritis patients with accompanying neutropenia (less than or equal to 2000 neutrophils/microliter) and 45 rheumatoid arthritis patients without neutropenia were studied for the occurrence of IgD granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies. Such antibodies were found in 67 per cent of the neutropenic and 18 per cent of the non-neutropenic cases (p less than 0.001). The titres of IgD granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies varied independently of the titres of IgD and complement-fixing granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies, but showed some covariation with granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies of the IgA and IgM classes most probably reflecting a broad polyclonal antibody response to phagocyte nuclear antigens in the serologically highly active neutropenic cases. Gel filtration studies on selected sera containing IgD granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies indicated participation of these antibodies in immune complexes. It is thus possible that IgD granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies may have some significance for the rheumatoid inflammatory processes.
 ...
PMID:The prevalence and possible significance of IgD granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies in neutropenic and non-neutropenic cases of rheumatoid arthritis. 30 70

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) of the IgE class were studied in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls. Sixty per cent of 20 RA patients with neutropenia were found to have IgE granulocyte-specific (GS-)ANA, whereas only 16% of RA patients without neutropenia had IgE antibodies of similar specificity. About 5% in each group of RA patients had IgE organ-nonspecific (ON-)ANA. Eleven of 15 patients with active SLE and only 4 of 20 with inactive SLE had IgE ON-ANA. Sera from five patients with lupus nephritis all contained IgE ON-ANA. None of 100 sera from controls showed presence of IgE ANA. IgE ANA titres in RA and SLE patients correlated to the titres of ANA of the other four immunoglobulin classes. Gel filtration studies at neutral and acid pH of RA sera containing high titres of IgE GS-ANA indicated the presence of these antibodies in immune complexes. Studies of serum cryoprecipitates supported this conclusion. IgE ANA production may be of pathogenetic importance in RA and SLE by eliciting type-I reactions.
 ...
PMID:The prevalence of IgE antinuclear antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. 30 5

A man with polymyalgia rheumatica (patient 1) and two patients (2 and 3) with Felty's syndrome had neutropenia at the time of diagnosis. Bone marrow samples in each patient were cellular but showed an "arrest" of granulocyte maturation at the myelocyte stage. Agar colony growth of marrow cells from each patient was subnormal but increased after removal of sheep erythrocytes rosette-forming cells (thymus-dependent [T] cells) from marrow cell suspensions before culture. Preincubation of marrow cells with cortisol also enhanced colony growth. Maximum enhancement with cortisol occurred at 1 mM (patient 1), 1 microM (patient 2), and 10 nM (patient 3). Cortisol failed to enhance colony growth after removal of T cells from marrow cell suspensions. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and PBL-conditioned medium from all three patients inhibited colony growth of normal human marrow cells. Cortisol treatment of PBL or T depletion from PBL abrogated the inhibition in coculture and with conditioned medium. Prednisone therapy resulted in the disappearance of suppressor T-cell function concomitant with hematologic improvement in patients 2 and 3, but suppressor T cells persisted in patient 1, who did not respond to prednisone. We conclude that cortisol-sensitive T lymphocytes inhibited granulopoiesis in vitro probably by elaboration of a soluble factor or factors. Our results suggest (a) that neutropenia in these patients resulted, at least in part, from T-cell suppression of granulopoiesis, (b) that the effectiveness of prednisone therapy was a result of its inhibition of suppressor T cells, and (c) that responses to glucocorticoid therapy may be predicted in such patients with the agar culture technique and cortisol dose response in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Neutropenia in three patients with rheumatic disorders. Suppression of granulopoiesis by control-sensitive thymus-dependent lymphocytes. 31 12

Granulopoiesis was studied in 10 children with Shwachman's syndrome (chronic neutropenia and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency). Marrow proliferative activity assessed by determination of mitotic indices and tritiated thymidine uptake into granulocytic cells was normal. Assay of bone marrow granulocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-C) in a methylcellulose tissue culture system demonstrated normal CFU-C numbers in four patients and reduced numbers in five. The granulocyte colonies formed were indistinguishable from normal colonies morphologically. Production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) from patients' peripheral blood leukocytes appeared normal when tested on control marrow. No serum inhibitors against CFU-C or CSA could be demonstrated using both control and autologous marrow, and co-culture of patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes with control marrow did not inhibit CFU-C growth. We conclude that in Shwachman's syndrome committed granulocytic stem cells are present, and the numbers detected in vitro vary widely as does the clinical neutropenia. The proliferative activity of recognizable granulocytic cells is normal and neither a deficiency of humoral stimulators nor the presence of serum or cellular inhibitors of granulopoiesis can be demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:Granulopoiesis in Shwachman's syndrome (pancreatic insufficiency and bone marrow dysfunction). 31 48


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>