Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Middle ear infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is important in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic otitis media, and lysozyme in middle ear fluid (MEF) is an important inflammatory mediator in this disease. To determine the source of lysozyme during the early period of acute pneumococcal otitis media, chinchillas were irradiated to induce neutropenia, and their middle ears were inoculated with heat-killed, encapsulated pneumococci. The number of inflammatory cells and concentration of lysozyme were measured in MEF between 6 and 72 hours after inoculation. In pneumococcus-inoculated ears, the mean number of inflammatory cells but not lysozyme was significantly lower in MEF from irradiated animals than that from nonirradiated animals at 6 hours. Since lysozyme accumulated in MEF before the influx of inflammatory cells in irradiated animals, the initial release of this inflammatory mediator is most likely not from inflammatory cells; and mucosal epithelial cells, the only other known source of lysozyme in the middle ear environment, were the probable source induced by the direct stimulation of pneumococci. Inflammatory cells may contribute lysozyme later in the inflammatory response, since cellular and lysozyme concentrations in irradiated and nonirradiated animals were similar between 24 and 72 hours. These results suggest that future therapeutic interventions to limit middle ear inflammation in acute otitis media may need to recognize the direct action of pneumococcal cells or their envelope components on middle ear epithelium.
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PMID:Middle ear fluid lysozyme source in experimental pneumococcal otitis media. 206 74

Peripheral blood leukocyte counts were performed in 167 children with acute otitis media who underwent myringotomy with culture of the middle ear exudate. A markedly elevated (greater than 97th percentile for age) leukocyte count was noted at initial presentation among 28% of these children, and counts exceeded 20,000/microL among 9%. Children older than six years were more likely than younger children to have marked leukocyte (41 v 24%, P less than 0.1). Children with culture-positive and culture-negative acute otitis media had similar leukocyte counts. There was no difference in frequency of posttreatment leukocytosis between those children who had complete resolution of acute otitis media and those children who had persistent otitis media with effusion. At follow-up 10 to 14 days later, relative leukopenia was observed significantly more often than at initial presentation (13 v 2%, P less than 0.001), and was most common among children two to five years old. Absolute neutropenia was likewise more common at the follow-up than at initial presentation (10 v 2%, P less than 0.01). Children treated with the fixed combination of erythromycin ethyl succinate-sulfisoxazole acetyl were somewhat more likely to have absolute neutropenia than those children who were treated with amoxicillin, but this difference was not statistically significant (14 v 6%, P less than 0.1). Acute otitis media, and perhaps the specific antibiotic therapy prescribed for acute otitis media, may exert marked effects upon peripheral blood counts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Leukocyte counts in children with acute otitis media. 377 66

Clinical studies on ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin, were carried out in our department. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against 7 strains of E. coli, 6 strains of Klebsiella, 6 strains of H. influenzae, 7 strains of E. cloacae and 10 strains of S. aureus, recently isolated from patients, was compared with that of cefotiam, cefmetazole and cefazolin. Ceftizoxime was more active than the other antibiotics against E. coli, Klebsiella, H. influenzae and E. cloacae, but less active against S. aureus. 2. Urinary excretion. Urinary excretion was measured in 2 cases with normal renal function after dosing with 750 mg (35 mg/kg) and 350 mg (17 mg/kg) of ceftizoxime by intravenous injections. Urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 97% and 82% respectively. 3. Clinical study. Eighteen children with the following bacterial infections were treated with ceftizoxime; respiratory tract infection (13), acute otitis media (1), acute intervertebral chondritis and tonsillitis (1), chronic cystitis (1), subcutaneous abscess (1) and chronic bacteremia (1). The dosage was 69--147 mg/kg q.i.d. by intravenous injection. The duration of administration was from 3 to 32 days. The clinical results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 13 cases and fair in 1 case of chronic bacteremia. The overall effectiveness rate was 94%. Slight elevation of GPT in 1 case and leukopenia (neutropenia) in 1 case were observed, but returned to the normal range immediately after discontinuation of dosing. It is considered that ceftizoxime is one of the useful first choice antibiotics used for children with bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 3

Interpretation of leukograms of 181 infants with acute otitis media purulenta (OMP) has shown that these patients had leukopenia in 15.5%, normal leukocyte count in 66.3%, leukocytosis in 6.6%, neither neutrophylesis with a left shift nor toxic granularity of leukocytes, neutropenia in 13.8%, neutrophylesis in 5%, monocytopenia in 87.8%, normal lymphocyte count in 78.6%, lymphocytopenia in 21.2%. The leukograms of the infants with acute OMP evidence for low tension of normal adaptation reactions. This may help in assessment of the efficacy of on-going treatment.
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PMID:[Interpretation of leukocyte count in acute purulent otitis media in infants]. 1250 78

Azithromycin (AZM) is widely used for respiratory tract infections and otitis media because of its activity against Haemophilus influenzae and atypical pathogens, and its ease of administration. Although leukopenia is the one of the most frequent AZM-related laboratory abnormalities in children, agranulocytosis has not been reported in adults. Here, we present the case of an 81-year-old man with agranulocytosis following AZM-treatment for acute otitis media. He developed febrile neutropenia and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and cefepim were administered. All his symptoms and absolute neutrophil counts were recovered within 7 days after admission. Physicians must be vigilant in identifying drug-induced neutropenia in AZM-treated patients because early detection can decrease the severity and prevent mortality.
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PMID:Azithromycin-related agranulocytosis in an elderly man with acute otitis media. 1952 5