Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven young cats were injected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV); six of them became viremic. All of the viremic cats developed AIDS-related symptoms, i.e. lymphopenia, neutropenia, thymic atrophy, and wasting syndrome, along with an altered pituitary and adrenocortical function. These symptoms closely resemble human AIDS induced by HIV. It was discovered that, after 2 weeks of infection, the average amount of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) detected in the infected cats was reduced by 29% in comparison with that before the infection. In contrast to the second week, the fifth week of infection showed a 94% increase of plasma ACTH which then dropped back down to 38% after the sixth and seventh weeks. This opposing biphasic pattern of change was also observed in the plasma cortisol content of the infected cats. The amount of change in plasma cortisol did not correlate with the detected increase in plasma ACTH, indicating a weak adrenal response to pituitary action.
 ...
PMID:Induction of feline immunodeficiency syndrome by feline leukemia virus: pituitary and adrenocortical dysfunctions. 196 24

The clinical manifestations of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in persons with AIDS are described, and recent advances in the management of these syndromes with antiviral agents are reviewed. CMV infection is the most common serious opportunistic viral infection in AIDS patients. Clinical manifestations include chorioretinitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, pneumonia, CNS infection, adrenalitis, and a wasting syndrome. The diagnosis of CMV infection requires laboratory demonstration of a serologic response to the virus, detection of viral components or products, or isolation of the virus. Ganciclovir is an acyclic nucleoside analogue marketed for the treatment of CMV-related retinitis in immunocompromised hosts. After i.v. ganciclovir induction therapy, more than 80% of patients show improvement or stabilization of retinitis. Relapse is common in AIDS patients, however, and low-dose i.v. maintenance therapy is recommended. The most serious dose-limiting effect is neutropenia. Intravitreal injection of ganciclovir has been well tolerated and efficacious. Ganciclovir has shown some efficacy in the treatment of other life-threatening CMV infections, especially gastroenteritis, but data are limited. Ganciclovir-resistant strains have been reported. Foscarnet, a pyrophosphate analogue with activity against both human CMV and human immunodeficiency virus, is undergoing clinical trials. Foscarnet has shown promise in the therapy of CMV-related retinitis, but results for other CMV infections are disappointing. Nephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting effect. AIDS patients with sight-threatening and rapidly progressive CMV-related retinitis should be treated with ganciclovir. Foscarnet may offer an alternative when it becomes available. More must be learned about the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of CMV infection in patients with AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Management of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 216 89

Previous studies indicate that older individuals with AIDS are at increased risk for morbidity and death. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical manifestations of male patients older than 45 when they entered HIV care and the survival of the older men who had AIDS. A historical, nonconcurrent cohort study of HIV-infected men (n = 2583) enrolled in the HIV outpatient program of the Medical Center of Louisiana in New Orleans as of January 2000 was conducted. Age older than 50, wasting syndrome, cancer, and neutropenia were predictive of death. These findings suggest the need to closely monitor older men with AIDS who have these conditions and provide appropriate therapies. The significantly higher proportions of older men with AIDS at study entry and no reported risk factor also indicates the need to target prevention and education efforts at older individuals.
 ...
PMID:Predictors of survival in older men with AIDS. 1195 17

Juzen-taiho-to (a Japanese herbal medicine) has been traditionally administered to patients with anemia, neutropenia, or wasting syndrome. We previously attempted to isolate and purify the hemopoiesis-stimulatory components in Juzen-taiho-to extracts using an in vitro hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) assay method in which mouse HSCs can proliferate on a stromal cell line (MS-5). We have found that fatty acids (particularly oleic acid and linolenic acid) actively promote the proliferation of HSCs, and that the effect is mediated by stromal cells, rather than by any direct action on the HSCs. In the present study, we show, using human normal bone marrow cells (BMCs) and umbilical cord blood cells, that similar stimulatory effects are due to the presence of oleic acid and linolenic acid, which stimulate the proliferation of HSCs in stroma-based culture systems. Furthermore, a marked stimulatory effect was noted on BMCs from patients with Shwachman syndrome, which shows pancreatic and bone marrow dysfunctions. We also show the data on hemopoietic recovery after the administration of Juzen-taiho-to to a patient with Shwachman syndrome. These findings suggest that decreased fatty acid levels in the blood, caused by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, induce bone marrow dysfunction in Shwachman syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of Shwachman syndrome by Japanese herbal medicine (Juzen-taiho-to): stimulatory effects of its fatty acids on hemopoiesis in patients. 1211 Jul