Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within six months of the introduction of the new antipsychotic drug clozapine in Finalnd, 17 cases of neutropenia or agranulocytosis were recorded amongst about 3000 patients treated. Agranulocytosis was fatal in eight patients, and in addition, two patients developed thrombocytopenia, and one patient leukaemia. As additional cases might well have been overlooked as banal infections, the risk of developing agranulocytosis during clozapine treatment was at least 0.5%. Impaired elimination of the drug or increased susceptibility of granulocyte precursors to clozapine, possibly due to some inherited characteristic, might explain the high incidence of complications.
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PMID:Agranulocytosis during treatment with chlozapine. 85 3

The investigation comprised 2,008 pregnancies. Sera fnd lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTAb). 14 women had only CFPAb, 44 had CFPAb and LCTAb, 224 had only LCTAb. In 3 of 481 cord blood serum samples LCTAb were demonstrated. No cases of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia was observed. No association was found between CFPAb or LCTAb and stillbirth, birth defects, degree of bilirubinaemia, diseases of the newborn, or placental weight. It was suggested that the applied lymphocytotoxicity test detects both in vivo cytolytic antibodies and enhancing antibodies, which may explain the results.
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PMID:Complement fixing and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in serum of pregnant women at delivery. III. Clinical observations. 108 Mar 25

After some general preliminary remarks concerning aetiopathogenetic hypoteses and therapeutic possibilities for Wilson's disease, the Authors report the data obtained from a long-term study carried out on a family of nine brothers. These subjects were all affected with Wilson's syndrome and kept under a D-penicillamine treatment. The addition of 4-5 oral adminstrations a day of 30 mg SAMe resulted in highly significant favourable modifications of all the laboratory data considered to test liver function. The progressive worsening of the same data observed after 60, 90 and 120 days from SAMe withdrawal, seems to prove the actual activity of this molecule on liver function. During SAMe therapy no clinical and laboratory side-effects (macular and papular eruption, pruritus, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, etc.) were observed while they were detectable in some patients treated with D-penicillamine alone.
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PMID:[On the therapeutic combination of S-adenosylmethionine with D-penicillamine in Wilson's disease]. 114 93

In this 16 year old boy a syndrome, characterized by high fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, diffuse skin rash, facial and periorbital edema, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels and transient electrocardiographic changes, appeared 2 weeks after the institution of diphenylhydantoin therapy. Lymph node biopsy, performed at the height of the illness, revealed widespread subendothelial fibrin exudation and fibrin-platelet thrombi in the lymph node microvasculature, a finding most consistent with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Although many types of abnormal lymph node histology have been described with diphenylhydantoin, this appears to be the first instance of this histologic picture. This syndrome may be related to a serum sickness-like illness which triggered an episode of localized coagulopathy.
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PMID:Diphenylhydantoin-induced serum sickness with fibrin-platelet thrombi in lymph node microvasculature. 116 93

Blood findings at diagnosis, in 140 adults with lymphoma, were correlated with bone marrow involvement and survival. An abnormal haemoglobin, leucocyte count or platelet count was found in 57% of patients. Lymphocytopenia occurred in 46%. All patients with thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, 69% with leucopenia and 63% with anaemia had marrow involvement with lymphoma. Marrow involvement in histiocytic and stem cell lymphoma was always associated with anaemia. Marrow involvement in poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDL) was associated with anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, lymphocytopenia or lymphoma cells in the blood in 93% of patients. Bone marrow involvement was found in only 13% of patients with normal haematological parameters. In the absence of marrow involvement blood abnormalities at diagnosis did not generally correlate with survival. However, among patients with diffuse PDL who had marrow involvement, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia adversely affected survival. Lymphocytopenia did not correlate with survival.
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PMID:Significance of haematological parameters in the non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. 125 24

The importance of granulocytes and/or platelets in endotoxin-induced generalized intravascular coagulation was studied as well as thrombocytopenic rabbits. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were induced by oral administration of busulphan. Generalized intravascular coagulation, as indicated by renal glomerular microclot formation, was initiated by two intravenous injections of endotoxin. Granulocyte counts before the second injection of endotoxin were most significantly related to activation of intravascular coagulation whereas platelet counts either before the first or second injection of endotoxin were not definitely related to the activation process. Renal glomerular microclots occurred in rabbits after two injections of endotoxin even when the platelet counts were between 500 and 5000/mul. These experiments indicated that granulocytes but not platelets are essential to the activation of endotoxin-induced intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Activation of intravascular coagulation by endotoxin: the significance of granulocytes and platelets. 126 95

Bone marrow suppression is the major dose-limiting toxic effect of zidovudine (azidothymidine; AZT) in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. We evaluated the effect of subcutaneously administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in pediatric patients whose absolute neutrophil count was less than 0.8 x 10(9)/L during AZT therapy despite dosage reductions to 120 mg/m2 every 6 hours. Nineteen patients between 6 months and 20 years of age were treated with AZT and G-CSF and monitored for 2 to 12 months. All had previously shown improvement while receiving AZT but had required dosage reduction or discontinuation. By using a sliding dosing schedule of G-CSF, we attempted to maintain the absolute neutrophil count between 1.5 and 5.0 x 10(9)/L. Administration of G-CSF resulted in a significant increase in the median leukocyte count (2.0 x 10(9)/L to 4.14 x 10(9)/L; p = 0.004), and the median absolute neutrophil count (1.02 x 10(9)/L to 2.96 x 10(9)/L; p = 0.0006). G-CSF was well tolerated, but mild thrombocytopenia developed in nine children. Administration of G-CSF and AZT was discontinued in two patients because of continuing neutropenia. With doses of G-CSF ranging from 1 to 20 micrograms/kg per day, 17 of 19 patients were able to tolerate AZT at a dose of 120 to 180 mg/m2 every 6 hours. We conclude that G-CSF therapy enables patients who have had AZT-related neutropenia to receive therapeutic doses of AZT.
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PMID:Combination treatment with azidothymidine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 127 53

A total of 36 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with a combination of 5-day continuous i.v. infusion of cisplatin (25 mg/m2 daily), bolus infusion of vindesine (3 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8, and s.c. injection of recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (2 micrograms/kg daily) on days 6-21. Treatment was repeated every 3-4 weeks. Responding patients with stage IIIA or IIIB disease received chest radiation therapy (50-60 Gy) after this treatment. One complete response and 23 partial responses were observed, for an overall response rate of 66.7% (24/36; 95% confidence limits, 51.3%-82.1%). The median duration of response was 5.7 months and the median overall survival was 10.1 months. WHO grade 3 or 4 leukopenia and neutropenia occurred in 22 (61%) and 27 (75%) patients, respectively, but the mean duration of leukopenia (< 2,000/mm3) and neutropenia (< 1,000/mm3) was 3.4 and 3.5 days, respectively, and there was no instance of life-threatening infection. Thrombocytopenia and anemia of grade 3 or 4 occurred in 28% and 36% of our subjects, respectively. Grade 2 nausea and vomiting occurred in 47% of the patients. Elevated serum creatinine levels (> 1.5 mg/dl) were observed in 3 (8%) of the 36 patients. One patient died of acute renal failure induced by hemorrhage of a gastric ulcer. This regimen is effective in the treatment of NSCLC and further studies of this combination are warranted.
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PMID:Phase II study of cisplatin as a 5-day continuous infusion with vindesine plus recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. 128 May 37

The use of vinorelbine 30 mg/m2/week as a single-agent treatment in advanced breast cancer has achieved response rates of > 20% as second-line treatment and 40 to 50% as first-line treatment. The major toxicity of the drug is reversible neutropenia; 35 to 50% of treated patients have grade IV neutropenia. The agent did not induce thrombocytopenia and proved mildly emetogenic and neurotoxic. Activity was confirmed in combination with fluorouracil or doxorubicin, when response rates ranging from 60 to 74% were achieved. Thus, vinorelbine appears to be a promising agent in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:A review of the antitumour activity of vinorelbine in breast cancer. 128 48

The syndrome of CD8 hyperlymphocytosis with neutropenia is a heterogeneous disorder ranging from reactive benign state to neoplastic pathology. The prognosis for LGL (Large Granular Lymphocyte) leukemia depends likely on its phenotype:-NK phenotype, extremely poor prognosis and rapidly fatal-T phenotype (CD8+), chronic disease with slow progression. Here, we report four cases of CD8+ hyperlymphocytosis with neutropenia, which are CD2+/-, CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, CD16-, CD56+/-, CD57+ phenotype. These lymphocytic proliferations were associated with clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor b gene. In two cases, characteristic blood hyperlymphocytosis appeared only after splenectomy, but retrospective bone marrow analysis showed that the CD8+, CD57+ lymphocyte proliferation previously existed. These lymphocytes had a low natural killer activity against K562 cell line. HTLV1 proviral sequence was not integrated in leukemic cell DNA. This monoclonal pathology has a chronic clinical course, with a thirteen year evolution in one case. Splenectomy did not correct neutropenia but allowed the control of hemolytic anemia and auto-immune thrombocytopenia in one case.
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PMID:[Lymphoproliferative syndrome with granular lymphocytes of CD8+ phenotype: a clonal pathology with a chronic course]. 128 65


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