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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mild neutropenia is a well-known concomitant of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occurring in the first weeks of illness. However, severe neutropenia (less than 200 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per mul) is not generally regarded as a complication of infectious mononucleosis. Three patients were seen with severe neutropenia and EBV infection, and an additional eight cases were found in the literature. In two of the latter cases the neutropenia was fatal. In the 11 cases the severe neutropenia began 14 to 40 days after illness and usually lasted for three to seven days. At the time of severe neutropenia, studies of marrow specimens showed increased proportions of promyelocytes and myelocytes. Our data suggest that EBV infection is the proximate cause of the severe neutropenia in some patients with infectious mononucleosis and that in such cases close observation and early treatment of suspected superinfections is necessary.
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PMID:Severe neutropenia in infectious mononucleosis. 22 47

Neutrophil antigens may be classified into two major categories: antigens shared with other cells and antigens specific for neutrophils. The first category includes the ABH, I, i, 5a,b and HLA determinants. Additional antigens with special characteristics in this category are the blood-group U, Kx, JkaJkb, and Ge determinants which apparently neutrophils share only with erythrocytes. Neutrophil-specific antigens include the NA1, NA2, NB1 and 9a. These specificities are detected by the agglutination test and have been shown to be present on mature neutrophils. Independent allospecificities, detectable by the granulocytotoxicity test, may also exist. In addition, neutrophil antigens, which are species-specific, have been identified by the use of xenogeneic antibodies. The EDTA-dependent agglutination test remains a most reliable assay for the study of neutrophil-specific antigens. The lack of reproducibility known in the leukoagglutination reaction does not pertain to the modification used in the assay of neutrophil-specific antibodies. It does apply, however, to those tests that were performed in the absence of EDTA, and in connection to the study of HLA-related antigens. For every pathophysiological state involving the erythrocyte antigens a neutrophil analogue is observed, the difference being in symptomatology which is related to the structural and functional characteristics of the cells: febrile and pulmonary transfusion reactions result from incompatibility neutrophils. It is found that similarity in the HLA antigens and nonreactivity in the MLC test do not preclude immunization against neutrophil-specific antigens. Therefore, it is probable that febrile and pulmonary reactions will occur in the recipients of multiple granulocyte transfusions, even though donors and recipients may be considered "histocompatible" by the HLA assays. It has been shown that fetal-maternal incompatibility can cause neonatal neutropenia, and several forms of autoimmune neutropenia are described: in "idiopathic" neutropenia of infancy, autoantibodies have been found to have specificity against NA1 and NA2 and in one adult, autoimmune neutropenia due to anti-NA1 antibody has been observed. Neutropenia also occurs due to idiopathic, cold-reacting antileukocyte antibodies, and with cold agglutinins associated with lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. Although the role of neutrophil antigens in bone marrow transplantation has not as yet been determined, these antigens are undoubtedly immunogenic and potentially play an important role in neutrophil compatibility. It is obvious that neutrophils cannot survive in the presence of antineutrophil antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Neutrophil antigens: immunology and clinical implications. 40 Jul 55

Severe granulocytopenia is an uncommon complication of infectious mononucleosis, only 18 cases having been reported previously. Our review and experience with this case would indicate that (1) severe granulocytopenia is usually diagnosed at about the third or fourth week of illness, (2) bone marrow examination most commonly reveals lack of mature neutrophil precursors in the myelocytic series, (3) the duration of usually short, lasting about a week, and (4) most patients recover without treatment. The laboratory findings in our case suggests that the neutropenia may be antibody mediated.
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PMID:Infectious mononucleosis with severe neutropenia and opsonic antineutrophil activity. 44 63

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is usually considered a benign disease. Agranulocytosis developed in a young college student 14 days after the onset of IM. Fulminant staphylococcal pneumonia and bilateral pulmonary infarcts resulted, and the patient died 4 1/2 hours after admission to a hospital. Agranulocytosis secondary to IM may be more prevalent than previously thought. A review of the literature indicated that infection developed in 57.9% of the patients with IM and extreme neutropenia and 45.4% of the infected patients died.
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PMID:Infectious mononucleosis. Death due to agranulocytosis and pneumonia. 98 16

A 30-year-old male with infectious mononucleosis by the Epstein-Barr virus who presented severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and type IgG acquired transitory hypogammaglobulinemia as complications during the acute period of the disease is presented. Although the etiopathogenesis of these phenomena is usually associated with an autoimmune basis, the antiplatelet and antileukocyte antibodies were negative. A bibliographic revision of the hematologic alterations of this disease was carried out and it was observed that the combination of the complications described has not been previously referred, thus, the present case may be the first observation with these characteristics.
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PMID:[Severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and transient acquired hypogammaglobulinemia in a patient with infectious mononucleosis]. 131 37

Between 1976 and 1982, 113 children aged 6 months to 16 years with documented Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis were studied prospectively, and in most instances serially. An unexpected finding was the large number of young children, less than 4 years old, with this disease. Children with infectious mononucleosis, in particular the very young, tended to have more rashes, significant neutropenia, abdominal pain (older children only), and possible hepatosplenomegaly than have been reported in adult patients. The intensity of the characteristic relative atypical lymphocytosis found in peripheral blood was age-related; it was less in the very young. Findings of failure to thrive, otitis media, and episodes of recurrent tonsillopharyngitis appeared to be unique or more closely associated with childhood disease. Complications such as thrombocytopenia with hemorrhagic manifestations, significant airway obstruction, and neurologic problems occurred more frequently whereas jaundice occurred less frequently than noted in adult patients. Six children, all less than 4 years old, developed pneumonia during the disease course. The increased availability of Epstein-Barr virus-specific testing should continue to expand our knowledge of this disease in children of all ages.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis in children. I. Clinical and general laboratory findings. 298 84

The neutropenia occurring during infection is a poorly understood phenomenon. Immunologically-stimulated T lymphocytes, acting upon normal bone marrow stem cells, have been etiologically implicated in several disorders. Fifteen patients, ages 17 to 25 years, and diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis by positive heterophile titers, were studied. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were separated using sheep red blood cell rosetting. They were then cocultured with normal bone marrow cells, in a concentration of 2 X 10(4) cells/ml, in methylcellulose containing 10% colony-stimulating activity. Normal BM was obtained from patients with nonmalignant hematologic disorders, or leukemia in remission. Bone marrow cells were cultured at a concentration of 1 X 10(5) or 5 X 10(5) cells/ml, alone (control) or with T lymphocytes. Plates were incubated at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2. Colonies were scored at 14 days. Inhibition of normal, bone marrow growth was observed at both concentrations, after addition of T lymphocytes to the culture system. Such suppression was significant (p less than 0.05) for the lower concentration of normal bone marrow cells only. Variable and partial abrogation of effect was seen after overnight incubation of T lymphocytes, possibly due to loss of suppressor activity. There were insufficient numbers of tests with supernatant to allow computation of statistical significance. Correlation between T-cell ratios and suppressive effect has not been determined, although it is suspected that the responsible cells are within the T-suppressor fraction.
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PMID:The effect of T cells from patients with infectious mononucleosis on CFU-CGM proliferation: a preliminary report. 348 24

Various changes in the granulocytes have been investigated in a large series of patients with infectious mononucleosis. A high proportion of cases regularly show a neutropenia with a shift to the left during the first three to four weeks of the disease; these changes, though transient, may be profound. The band cells present during the acute phase of the disease also show certain alterations in cytochemical staining and low alkaline phosphatase scores are common at this time. The maturation and release of leucocytes from the bone marrow is apparently normal. Theoretical mechanisms for the neutropenia are briefly discussed, including the possible role of excessive peripheral destruction.
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PMID:Granulocyte changes in infectious mononucleosis. 416 Aug 93

Extreme neutropenia has very rarely been recorded as a complication of glandular fever. Two non-fatal cases, with mild secondary infections, are now reported. Extreme neutropenia may in fact be less rare in this disease than it appears to be, but serious illness as a result is exceedingly unusual.
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PMID:Extreme neutropenia in glandular fever. 569 35

Antineutrophil antibodies were detected in the serum of 12 of 14 patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis. These antibodies were present in two patients with mononucleosis and severe neutropenia, and in 10 patients with mononucleosis uncomplicated by severe neutropenia. Antineutrophil antibodies were not detected in serum from five patients with cytomegalovirus-induced mononucleosis, or five renal allograft recipients with primary or reactivation Epstein-Barr virus infection. This study suggests that antineutrophil antibodies are among those produced by the polyclonal activation induced by Epstein-Barr virus during acute infectious mononucleosis.
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PMID:Antineutrophil antibodies in infectious mononucleosis. 631 60


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