Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A spontaneous multifocal subcutaneous fibromatosis is described in 6 pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (simian AIDS). The lesions consisted of a proliferation of vascular fibrous tissue that was infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. One animal also had retroperitoneal fibromatosis, which has also been found in this colony of pig-tailed macaques. Progressive weight loss, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, and neutropenia were seen. Peripheral lymph nodes were hyperplastic, and there was splenomegaly. Aggregates of lymphocytes were present in the bone marrow, kidneys, liver, and lungs. Type D retrovirus particles were found in three nodules by electron microscopy; intracytoplasmic type A and budding particles were identified in fibroblasts. In a setting of acquired immunodeficiency, these subcutaneous tumors in pig-tailed macaques present a striking analogy to Kaposi's sarcoma in human AIDS.
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PMID:Subcutaneous fibromatosis associated with an acquired immune deficiency syndrome in pig-tailed macaques. 401 42

The naturally occurring immunodeficiency syndrome of macaque monkeys is an important animal model for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in humans. A new type D retrovirus, distinct from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, has been isolated from affected animals at the New England Regional Primate Research Center. We now report the results of experimental infection of macaques with retrovirus D/New England after 13 months of study. Inoculated macaques developed lymphadenopathy without follicular hyperplasia, profound neutropenia, and a transient decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness. Despite our varying the strain of virus, the manner in which the virus was grown, the size of the inoculum, and the age of the inoculated animals, infected macaques have not developed opportunistic infections or profound, prolonged loss of T cell function, key features of the macaque immunodeficiency syndrome. Therefore, experimental infection of naive macaques with D/New England has not reproduced the naturally occurring macaque immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with type D retrovirus. 609 91

A naturally occurring immunodeficiency syndrome has been seen in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. This syndrome is seen primarily in the species Macaca cyclopis. Affected animals died with lymphomas (a rare disease in macaques) or such opportunistic infections as Pneumocystis carinii and noma (necrotizing gingivitis). These M. cyclopis exhibited anemia, neutropenia, and a circulating bizarre immature monocyte. In addition, liver function tests suggested hepatitis. Pokeweed mitogen-, concanavalin A-, and xenogeneic cell-stimulated proliferative responses by lymphocytes of animals with the syndrome were dramatically diminished. The T4 (helper, inducer)/T8 (suppressor, cytotoxic) ratio in the peripheral blood mononuclear T-cell populations of M. cyclopis in this colony are decreased when compared with those from either Macaca mulatta in the same colony or normal humans. Epidemiologic evidence implicates a common source agent in this syndrome. The similarity of this syndrome in macaques to human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suggests that it may provide an important model for studying the human syndrome.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys. 622 43

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was repeatedly isolated from urine and saliva of a 20-month-old male child with recurrent episodes of pneumonia, high fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, oral ulceration, and neutropenia. Immunologic evaluation revealed decreased serum IgG and IgA, increased IgM, depressed T- and B-lymphocyte functions, and decreased natural killer (NK) activity for herpes simplex-type I virus-infected targets. NK activity was augmented following exposure of the patient's lymphocytes to interferon (IF) in vitro. The child was treated with interferon (four courses, dosage varying from 2 million U/day to 1 million U three times/week for periods of 10, 28, 80, and 67 days, respectively, interspersed over 9 months) and hyperimmune plasma infusions every 3 weeks. Toward the end of interferon therapy oral Levamisole was started and a feeding gastrostomy was inserted to provide nutritional support. Clinical recovery was associated with reversal of immunologic abnormalities except for the hypogammaglobulinemia. Aggressive antiviral therapy (e.g., with IF) followed by immunostimulation (e.g., with Levamisole) may prove effective in controlling certain viral infections in immunodeficiency disorders.
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PMID:Persistent cytomegalovirus infection: association with profound immunodeficiency and treatment with interferon. 630 74

Patients with defects in host defence mechanisms represent an important and increasing problem in medicine. While severe, primary immunodeficiency diseases are rare, patients with secondary or acquired immunodeficiency disorders are commonly encountered, particularly in hospital medicine. The cause of these secondary immunodeficiency states is either the underlying disease or iatrogenic factors associated with therapeutic regimens, often a combination. A particular pattern of infections and pathogens may to some extent be characteristical of the type of immunodeficiency present and may therefore be commonly associated with certain diseases and clinical conditions. With the important reservation that a considerable overlap frequently occurs between patterns of defects and infections in different disorders, it is convenient to classify immunocompromised patients in three broad groups according to their predominant defect: 1) neutropenia, 2) deficient cell-mediated (T-cell-mediated) immunity, and 3) deficient humoral (B-cell-mediated) immunity. A survey is given of some important bacterial infections in patients with these three types of immunodeficiency with particular emphasis on the neutropenic patient. It is emphasized that an aggressive approach to diagnosis and treatment of infections in immunocompromised patients is justified since antibiotic treatment differs considerably according to bacterial etiology, and chemotherapy is also available for a number of infections with fungi, protozoa and viruses.
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PMID:Bacterial infections in the compromised host. 633 11

Widespread clinical trials of leavo-tetramisole (levamisole) as an immunopotentiating agent in rheumatoid arthritis, metastatic carcinoma, and immunodeficiency states have been complicated by agranulocytosis (AGC) in 2.5%-13% of patients. Other than a relationship with prolonged high dosage, very little is known regarding the pathogenesis of levamisole-induced AGC. Whereas leukoagglutination was negative, fluorochromatic microgranulocytotoxicity (GCY) tests were positive with serum from 10 of 10 acutely neutropenic patients. The antibody was IgM, reacted with 100% of unrelated granulocytes, but not with T or B lymphocytes. Some sera also reacted with monocytes and the myeloid cell line, K-562. Tests for antigen-antibody complexes or cold autoantibodies were negative. Although clinical evidence strongly suggests a haptene (drug) mechanism, in vitro mixing experiments were also negative. An alternative choice parallels the model of aldomet-induced Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia. Finally, GCY first became positive 2-3 mo prior to the onset of AGC on two patients, suggesting the possibility of identifying those at risk well before the onset of neutropenia.
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PMID:Studies on levamisole--induced agranulocytosis. 696 46

A nationwide survey of symptomatic primary immunodeficiency disorders in children in Sweden during the 6-year period 1974-1979 resulted in 201 reported cases. The reported data for 174 children were analyzed. Antibody deficiencies were the most frequent (45.0%), followed by phagocytic disorders (22.0%) and combined T- and B-cell disorders (20.8%). Thirty-two children (18.4%) died, with the highest mortality for combined T- and B-cell defects. The sex ratio for all disorders was 2:1 for boys:girls. Neutropenia was significantly more common in the northern part of Sweden.
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PMID:Primary immunodeficiency disorders in Sweden: cases among children, 1974-1979. 697 47

Pulmonary invasive aspergillosis is a frequent and poor prognosis complication of immunodeficiency and prolonged neutropenia. Its treatment is usually based on amphotericin given as intravenous infusion at 1 to 1.25 mg/kg/d. Use of lipid carriers give the opportunity to administrated higher dose, 5 mg/kg/d, with respect of renal function and good results in the primarily study. Intraconazole is now a good therapy after amphotericin, in the second time of disease.
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PMID:[Curative antifungal treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis]. 750 40

A putative retrovirus was isolated from a dog with a severe, acquired immunodeficiency-like syndrome. The haematological abnormalities and immunological deficiencies included anaemia, leucopenia (lymphopenia and neutropenia), thrombocytopenia, decreased humoral immunity, and ineffective T-cell responses in-vitro. The necropsy findings included generalized lymphoid depletion, severe bone marrow hypoplasia, plasmacytic infiltrates in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs, and severe secondary infections. Supernates of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from the affected dog contained an agent with manganese-dependent reverse transcriptase (RT) activity that sedimented at a density of 1.122 g/ml. RT activity was also found post-mortem in extracts prepared from the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and small intestine. The lymph nodes and small intestine expressed a 3.8 kb mRNA that was recognized by a bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) pol DNA probe by Northern blotting. DNA isolated from the lymph nodes and small intestine from the affected dog showed distinct band patterns by Southern analysis, suggesting an exogenous retrovirus. The retrovirus could be propagated in normal canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells or short-term canine lymphocyte cell lines in-vitro, and was cytopathogenic for cells of canine, but not human, origin. These results suggest the existence of a pathogenic canine retrovirus capable of producing disease of the type associated with retroviruses in other species.
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PMID:Retrovirus-like activity in an immunosuppressed dog: pathological and immunological findings. 753 63

In May 1991, clinical, pathologic, and virologic investigations were carried out on an 8-yr-old male lion (Panthera leo), with recurrent infections, in captivity with two lionesses in the Zoological Garden of Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy. The lion had severe pneumonia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and an increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatininemia; in spite of therapy, it died within 3 months. At necropsy, the animal had a lymphoma and other lesions similar to those described in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. We identified FIV gag-sequence using PCR amplification of lymph node tissues.
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PMID:Lentivirus infection in an African lion: a clinical, pathologic and virologic study. 756 28


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