Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We prospectively studied the effect of albendazole on microsomal reserve and on first-pass activation to albendazole sulfoxide in patients with hydatid disease. An aminopyrine breath test was performed in 12 patients while they were receiving albendazole treatment and while they were not. Excretion of 14CO2 in breath averaged 0.70%.kg.mmol-1 +/- 0.20%.kg.mmol-1 without treatment and 0.54%.kg.mmol-1 +/- 0.14%.kg.mmol-1 with treatment (p less than 0.005). Plasma levels of albendazole sulfoxide were measured 4 hours after the morning dose during the first and second half of the 4-week treatment cycles. In nine of the 12 patients albendazole sulfoxide levels decreased during the second half of the cycle by an average of 0.84 +/- 0.76 mumol/L (p less than 0.02). Transaminase levels increased in 10 of the 12 patients during long-term albendazole treatment, and major side effects, including hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, and alopecia, were observed in three patients. We conclude that albendazole partially inhibits microsomal enzyme function but induces its own metabolism. Hepatotoxicity and other possible severe side effects necessitate close therapeutic monitoring of patients who are given albendazole.
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PMID:Albendazole treatment of echinococcosis in humans: effects on microsomal metabolism and drug tolerance. 231 36

Eight patients with hydatidosis treated with albendazol in daily doses of 10 mg/kg daily in courses of 28 days (4-6 courses) were analysed. The patients came from Morocco, Spain, Turkey and Yugoslavia. Seven patients had a cyst (or cysts) in the liver and one had also cysts in the kidneys. One patient had cysts in the muscles of the extremities. As assessed by ultrasonic scanning, computed tomography of the cysts, general condition, serology and the presence of hydatid antigen in the serum, treatment was effective in six patients. One patient developed an allergic reaction to albendazol. All of the patients had varying degrees of liver involvement which were reversible. Neutropenia did not occur. Various parameters for assessing the therapeutic effect are mentioned. Albendazol appears to be effective in the treatment of non-operable hydatid disease and to prevent recurrence after surgery.
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PMID:[Treatment of hydatidosis with albendazol]. 258 56

Fifteen patients with inoperable hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) were treated with an initial 6-week high-dose mebendazole regimen with a follow-up ranging from 3-7 years. Ten of 15 patients showed both objective and clinical improvement, although two of these 10 relapsed 1-6 years after completing therapy. Simple, single cysts in the lung and liver showed the best response. Multiple, complex cysts and bone cysts showed little or no objective improvement. One patient developed reversible neutropenia. Overall results were no better than those obtained by others with smaller doses.
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PMID:Long term follow-up of human hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) treated with a high-dose mebendazole regimen. 669 72

Two patients receiving oral high-dose mebendazole therapy for echinococcosis were found to have severe, reversible neutropenia, apparently due to marrow suppression; platelets and RBCs were also reversibly suppressed in one. High blood levels of mebendazole (239 ng/mL) in one patient may have resulted in the neutropenia and several toxic side effects, as well as a striking shrinkage of the patient's pulmonary and liver cysts. Neutropenia with high-dose mebendazole therapy may occur in up to 5% of patients and may be much more common than previously recognized. The WBC count should be monitored frequently during the first several weeks of therapy. Further experience will be needed to determine whether neutropenia is related to mebendazole levels.
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PMID:Severe, reversible neutropenia during high-dose mebendazole therapy for echinococcosis. 684 6

Mebendazole, its fluorine analogue flubendazole, and other benzimidazole derivatives are active against many gastrointestinal and tissue-stage helminths. This article reviews the published literature and proceedings of a workshop on the use of benzimidazoles against larval echinococcosis (hydatid disease). Orally administered high doses (30-50 mg/kg body weight) of mebendazole given daily for 20-90 days to rodents or sheep infected with larval Echinococcus granulosus cause damage of destruction of the cyst wall, loss of cyst fluid, and death of protoscolices. Similar treatment of rodents infected with E. multilocularis with mebendazole, flubendazole, fenbendazole, and albendazole for 60-300 days leads to reduction of weight, inhibition of growth and the metastases formation of E. multilocularis tissue, and to prolonged host survival time although the metacestodes are not killed. Mebendazole or flubendazole treatment of human patients infected with E. granulosus is followed by subjective improvement in most, and evidence of regression of cysts in some; in other patients, cysts continue to grow or have been proven viable even after several months of high-dose mebendazole therapy. In patients infected with E. Multilocularis, the progressive course of the disease appeared to be arrested, but treatment apparently did not kill the parasite. Side effects of some patients have included allergic reactions, alopecia, and reversible neutropenia. Some possible reasons for different responses to treatment include inadequate plasma drug absorption from the gut and age, condition, and location of cysts. Many remaining questions concerning the risk versus benefits of mebendazole therapy can be answered only through controlled clinical trials.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for larval echinococcosis in animals and humans: report of a workshop. 704 54

The occurrence of transient leukopenia with relative neutropenia in a patient treated with a short course of high-dose mebendazole therapy for inoperable hydatid disease is reported. The toxicology of mebendazole is reviewed.
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PMID:Leukopenia associated with mebendazole therapy of hydatid disease. 744 25

(1) Albendazole, an antiparasitic drug belonging to the benzimidazoles, is indicated in France for the treatment of hydatid disease and alveolar echinococcosis. (2) According to non comparative data and a small comparative trial, albendazole is helpful when surgical removal and percutaneous drainage of a hydatid cyst are impossible. The best ways to use this treatment are not, however, known. One comparative trial showed the value of albendazole before surgery. Two other comparative trials showed the benefit of combining albendazole with percutaneous drainage, an approach that can replace surgical excision. (3) In the absence of comparative trials we do not know if the prognostic improvement seen in alveolar echinococcosis in recent years can be ascribed to albendazole. (4) Transaminase activity and blood cell counts should be checked regularly (there may be a small risk of neutropenia).
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PMID:Albendazole: new indication. Useful adjunct in hydatid disease. 1160 13