Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report five AIDS patients who developed pneumatosis intestinalis and review the pertinent literature to clarify the contributory importance of underlying infections, to suggest a management plan, and to determine whether pneumatosis intestinalis alters prognosis. Of the five patients reported, three had concurrent infections including cryptosporidiosis (one patient), presumptive CMV (one patient), and toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system (one patient). One patient also had neutropenia. Another patient was immunosuppressed during treatment for lymphoma, and the fifth patient had been taking corticosteroids before the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. In four of five patients pneumatosis involved the right colon. Pneumatosis was linear in all five patients and also was cystic in two of the five. All patients were followed conservatively without short term adverse events, despite the known association of linear pneumatosis with bowel necrosis. We advocate conservative management and an attempt to avoid surgery whenever possible.
 ...
PMID:Pneumatosis intestinalis and AIDS: a case report and review of the literature. 957 65

Cryptosporidium was detected in 21 (3.8%) individual stool samples collected from 553 pediatric patients hospitalized in our center employing a Telemann concentration technique (formalin-ether-centrifugation) and stained with the modified Kinyoun method. The mean age of populations with Cryptosporidiosis (16 boys and 5 girls) was 11 months; 15 months for girls and 6.5 for boys. Ages of 81% of them were less than 19 months. Seventy-six per cent of patients lived on the outskirts of Buenos Aires and 71% lacked pretreated running water at home. In 62% of the cases parasitological diagnoses coincided with warm seasons. At diagnosis mucous (63%) or watery (36%) diarrhea was presented in 90% of the patients with a median of 5 (3-8) bowel movements per day. Fever was presented in 66% of patients while abdominal pain and vomits in 60% and 52%, respectively. The median time from hospitalization up to parasitologic diagnosis was 20 days. Concomitant diseases observed were malnutrition, acute leukemia, bronchiolitis, HIV infection, anemia, celiac disease, myelofibrosis, vitelline sac tumor, neutropenia, osteosarcoma and dehydration. Cryptosporidiosis in our environment seems to occur more frequently in children younger than 18 months of age; who present diarrhea; are immunodeficient; come from a low socioeconomical background; and who live in poor sanitary conditions with no potable running water.
 ...
PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in pediatric patients. 983 Jul 36

Infusional CDE (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide; iCDE) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic regimen for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), with a complete remission rate of 46% and a median overall survival of 8.2 months (Sparano JA, Blood 1993; 81:2810). Since the majority of HIV-associated NHL are CD20-positive we reasoned that the addition of rituximab to iCDE (R-iCDE) could also improve the poor outcome of these patients. As a first step we investigated the safety of R-iCDE in a phase I/II study. Thirty patients with aggressive HIV-associated NHL were enrolled between June 1998 and October 2000. Characteristics of 29 evaluable patients were: median age: 38 years (range 29-65 years); male sex 24/29; histology: DLCL 16 (55%), Burkitt 10 (35%), ALCL 2 (7%), unclassified 1 (3%); stage: I (35%), II (10%), III (10%), IV (45%); International Prognostic Index: 0, 1 (59%), 2 (24%), 3 (17%), 4, 5 (0); CD4 count: median 132/ mm3 (range 3-470/mm3). Patients received rituximab (375 mg/m2) in conjunction with iCDE (five or six cycles). All patients were treated with G-CSF and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Twenty-six of 29 patients received treatment as planned, while chemotherapy had to be discontinued in three patients (2 persistent thrombocytopenias, 1 cerebral hemorrhage). Grade 3 or 4 toxicity was observed as follows: neutropenia 79%, anemia 45%, thrombocytopenia 34%, bacterial infection 34%, opportunistic infection 7%, mucositis 17%. A dose reduction was necessary in 22%. Complete remission was achieved in 86% of the patients, partial remission in 4%. Ten percent had progressive disease. After a median follow-up of 9 months the median overall survival is not reached. The actuarial survival at 2 years is 80% and the actuarial progression-free survival is 79%. Four of 29 patients (14%) have died, three from NHL and one from cryptosporidiosis. These findings suggest that the combination of rituximab with iCDE in patients with HIV-associated NHL is safe and feasible and that the addition of the anti-CD20 antibody does not increase the risk for infections. The high complete remission rate also indicates a potential therapeutic benefit and warrants further randomized trials.
 ...
PMID:Infusional CDE with rituximab for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preliminary results of a phase I/II study. 1178 39

Cryptosporidiosis is a relatively uncommon disease in healthy individuals but could be potentially worrisome in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to evaluate Cryptosporidium infection in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. A case-control study was conducted in 132 children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and 132 non-cancer controls. The modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining and polymerase chain reaction methods were used for the detection of Cryptosporidium parasite. All positive isolates were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 16 and Fisher exact test. The rate of cryptosporidiosis in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy was 3.8%, which was higher than that of the control group. Other intestinal parasites detected in patients with cancer included Giardia lamblia (3%), Entamoeba coli (1.5%), and Chilomastix mesnili (0.8%). In the control group, only two (1.5%) cases were positive for G. lamblia. No significant difference was observed between the gender, age, residency, contact with domestic animals, stool appearance, neutropenia, chemotherapy period, and type of malignancy with regard to cryptosporidiosis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cryptosporidium parvum isolates in this study relied on a branch that represents similar sequences from Iran and other countries. Although the rate of Cryptosporidium infection was relatively higher in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy compared to the control group, any statistically significant difference has not been found between them. These findings should not be contrary to the need for healthcare to prevent opportunistic parasitic infections in malignant and immunocompromised patients.
 ...
PMID:Cryptosporidium infection in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy: how important is the prevention of opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with malignancies? 2873 May 16