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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The assessment of bone marrow involvement by tumor cells remains an essential problem at diagnosis in pediatric solid tumors. Besides the conventional cytological and histological methods, some modern cell density separation techniques have been described in order to improve the detection of minimal or scattered bone marrow involvement. Immunological or genetical (molecular biology) tools can be used for the recognition of separated cells. In terms of investigations, MRI and MIBG radionucleide scan, although giving no definite proof, have the ability to macroscopically study the scattering of bone marrow invasion in the particular case of neuroblastoma. In some pediatric tumors, especially neuroblastomas and non Hodgkin lymphomas, an extensive bone marrow investigation is mandatory at diagnosis. Such an investigation is only necessary in case of particular criteria at diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, Ewing' sarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas and retinoblastomas. All other pediatric solid tumors do not need to be investigated in terms of bone marrow involvement at diagnosis, with the exceptions of advanced disseminated disease or if an autologous bone marrow transplantation is planned.
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PMID:[Research on bone marrow involvement in the diagnosis of solid tumors in children. Methods, results and interpretation]. 764 Jul 62

We examined the role of various medical imaging modalities, particularly metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in the investigation of patients presenting with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) who may harbor neuroblastomas. A retrospective analysis was therefore performed of all patients presenting with OMS in a 5 1/2 year period. Between December, 1988 and May, 1994, all 13 patients (mean age 15.2 months, range 3 days-30 months) presenting with OMS were extensively studied. A wide range of medical imaging modalities including CT, MRI and [131I] or [123I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy (total of 21 scans) were examined as a means of detecting a structural brain lesion or locating a neuroblastoma, a tumor generally found in less than half of patients with OMS. As anticipated a minority of patients (4) were eventually found to harbor neuroblastomas. In these four cases, two tumors were revealed on preoperative MIBG scintigraphy, one gave a false negative study and one tumor was not studied preoperatively. Each patient was also subjected to extensive radiological investigations in addition to MIBG scintigraphy, many of which were repetitive, redundant or had low clinical yield. The relative merits of the various procedures are compared, and an algorithm incorporating MIBG scintigraphy and limited central nervous system and abdominal anatomical modalities for the investigation of opsoclonus-myoclonus is suggested.
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PMID:Locating neuroblastoma in the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. 778 16

The in vivo relaxation times T1 and T2 were quantitatively determined in rat brain. Animals with implanted experimental brain tumors were investigated for discrimination of pathological regions from normal brain structures based on relaxation time differences. The different cerebral tumors (glioma, schwannoma, neuroblastoma) showed no difference in relaxation times, but all tumors had T1(1301 +/- 167 ms) and T2(91 +/- 9 ms) times distinctly longer than normal brain (T1: 1057 +/- 77 ms; T2: 77 +/- 6 ms). T1 can be used for distinction of tumor and edema from normal brain, while T2 is the better parameter for discrimination between tumor and edema. Furthermore, the effect of MRI contrast agents (GdDTPA, MnTPPS, GdTPPS) on the relaxation times of these experimental brain tumors was measured. The enhancement of tumors produced by GdDTPA disappeared within ten minutes after i.p. application. At later times, central cysts and peritumoral edema became the most enhanced structures. The enhancement of tumor following MnTPPS application remained unchanged in T1-weighted images during the whole observation period of four days. A significant reduction of enhancement was not observed during this time. The effect of MnTPPS on T2 was weak. Replacement of manganese with gadolinium as the central ion of the porphyrin TPPS led to a contrast agent with enhancement effects on both, T1- and T2-weighted images.
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PMID:Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of rat brain tumors: in vivo NMR relaxometry for the discrimination of normal and pathological tissues. 784 9

Diagnosis of abdominal neuroblastoma by imaging techniques is demanding, and in most cases several complementary modalities are needed for correct staging. Ultrasonography is performed first, followed by contrast CT and/or MRI. Both skeletal and specific MIBG scintigraphy are essential in most cases. This applies not only for the primary diagnosis but also for monitoring the response to therapy and for picking up recurrent disease.
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PMID:[The abdominal neuroblastoma]. 830 25

Cervical neuroblastoma, a disease primarily of infants, has a favorable prognosis. Eleven patients are reported. Clinical presentations (other than mass) included stridor and swallowing problems. Masses when felt were commonly mistaken for infectious adenitis. Imaging studies (US, CT, MRI) showed solid masses with vascular displacement and narrowing; intraspinal extension was absent though extension into the adjacent sites of mediastinum and skull occurred. Horner syndrome was seen in five patients with accompanying heterochromia iridis in one. Five tumors had calcification. A high index of suspicion will lead to biopsy and less delay in diagnosis once a mass is felt or imaged.
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PMID:Cervical neuroblastoma in eleven infants--a tumor with favorable prognosis. Clinical and radiologic (US, CT, MRI) findings. 841 48

To evaluate the usefulness of MRI for diagnosing bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma, we compared MRI findings with histological findings. MRI was performed 26 times in 20 patients with neuroblastoma to detect metastasis to the bone marrow of the femur and tibia. Abnormal areas observed by MRI were histologically examined. The lesion visualized by MRI as a low-intensity area on T1-weighted images and as a high-intensity area on T2-weighted images was histologically confirmed to be neuroblastoma in 81% (17/21). The percentage varied according to the treatment state: 89% (8/9) by MRI imaging performed before the initiation of chemotherapy, 67% (6/9) within 3 weeks after cessation of chemotherapy (during chemotherapy), and 100% (3/3) in recurrent cases 1 year or more after chemotherapy. During the follow-up period after chemotherapy, tissue with signal intensities similar to that of bone marrow was observed in a speckled pattern in the intramedullary space on T1- and T2-weighted images. This tissue was histologically demonstrated to be normal bone marrow and was considered to be bone marrow remaining after chemotherapy. In this small series, histological findings supported the results of MRI, confirming the usefulness of MRI for diagnosing bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma. However, bone marrow metastasis after chemotherapy was difficult to evaluate by comparing signal intensities alone.
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PMID:Evaluation of bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma and changes after chemotherapy by MRI. 842 75

Solid mediastinal masses in infancy and childhood occur most frequently in the posterior mediastinum. From 1972 to 1989, 63 patients presented with a posterior mediastinal mass. The median age at diagnosis was 6 years (range, 1 day to 26 years). Thirty patients were female. Forty-five percent of the patients presented with respiratory symptoms or chest pain; 13% had neurologic symptoms, one half of which were related to spinal cord compression; and 5% had a palpable mass. In 32% of patients the mass was an incidental finding. The tumors were of neurogenic origin in 89% of patients, of which neuroblastoma was the most common. Of all patients with posterior mediastinal masses, 60% had malignant tumors. Median follow-up for 62 of 63 evaluable patients was 45 months (range, 1 to 289 months). One patient was lost to follow-up. Of the 62 patients followed, 84% are alive and free of disease. All but 4 of the 32 patients with neuroblastoma are alive and free of disease with a median follow-up of 73 months (range, 7 to 289 months). Patients with neuroblastoma who were diagnosed in the first year of life had a significantly better survival pattern than those presenting after the first year. There were seven deaths in the series: four from neuroblastoma, two from primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and one from malignant schwannoma. Preoperative diagnostic evaluation of a posterior mediastinal mass should include posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms, and either CT or MRI of the chest and abdomen to assess the extent of the mass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Posterior mediastinal masses. 843 74

Sixty patients with neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma underwent MRI 87 procedures to detect and follow up bone marrow metastases. The detection of bone marrow metastases by MRI was evaluated with aspiration cytology. Relationships were investigated between bone metastases and bone marrow metastases that were morphologically classified as nodular and diffuse by MRI findings. The usefulness of MRI was also studied in evaluating the effect of chemotherapy. MRI showed bone marrow metastases in all of 17 patients, but aspiration cytology proved metastases in only 7 of 17. Bone metastases were proven by bone scintigraphy or bone X-ray in 5 of 15 patients, and only diffuse bone marrow metastases were accompanied with bone metastases. After or during chemotherapy, 10 patients were examined by MRI more than two times. Bone marrow metastases disappeared in 9, decreased in size in 3, did not change in one and recurred at another site in one. It was observed from MRI findings that in the early stage, bone marrow metastases are nodular, but along with progress of the disease, they become diffuse and invade the bone cortex. If chemotherapy was effective, bone marrow metastases were decreased in size or disappeared completely.
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PMID:[MR imaging in patients with bone marrow metastases of neuroblastoma]. 871 Apr 58

29 patients with adrenal tumors were admitted to our hospital from June 1985 to July 1994. The diagnosis was made preoperatively in 7 patients (5 adrenal cyst, 2 adrenal myelolipoma) by B-US, CT or MRI. Of the 22 patients whose diagnosis was not made before operation, 8 (tumor diameter: < 3cm) had adrenal cortical adenomas, 6 (tumor diameter: 3-6cm) adrenal medullary tumor, 8 (tumor diameter: > 6cm) adrenocortical cancer (2), adrenal neuroblastoma (1), metastatic cancer (2), adrenal pheochromocytoma (1) and adrenal lymphatic hyperplasia (1) respectively. All non-functioning adrenal tumors should be treated operatively except for adrenal cyst smaller than 3 cm or adrenal myelolipoma.
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PMID:[Non-functioning adrenal tumor: clinical analysis of 29 cases]. 873 78

A case of primary cervical neuroblastoma gaining access to the cerebellopontine angle via direct perineural spread is described. MRI effectively delineated soft tissues, while CT demonstrated tumor calcifications and the integrity of adjacent bones. Both imaging modalities were beneficial in predicting the unique histology and pattern of disease confirmed at surgery.
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PMID:Intracranial route of a cervical neuroblastoma through skull base foramina. 880 2


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