Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is well known that there are many independent and inter-related clinical and pathologic factors which influence the prognosis of patients with benign and malignant conditions. Lymphocyte level is an index of cell-mediated immunity which is important in host defense against cancer. But it is surprising that a simple test such as peripheral lymphocyte count could be correlated with clinical stages and survival results in patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-lymphomatous solid tumors. Regarding the latter, lymphocyte count had prognostic values in patients with cancer of the bone, Ewing's sarcoma; breast; colon; kidney, neuroblastoma; uterine cervix, and other sites. In general, higher lymphocyte counts before therapy correlated with longer survival. Using newer immunologic techniques, T and B lymphocytes can be identified and the different subtypes of leukemia, immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative diseases have been studied intensively. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia represents a proliferation of B cells, while the Sezary syndrome represents that of T lymphocytes. There is a qualitative and quantitative disturbance of Blymphocytes in patients with multiple myeloma. In Hodgkin's disease, there is hyperactivity of the B cells and functional defect of the T cells. Finally, the nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma resulted from neoplastic transformation of the B lymphocytes. In several nonmalignant autoimmune conditions, abnormality of T-cell or B-cell counts has been reported. For example, T cells were reported to be decreased in patients with ulcerative or granulomatous colitis and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, However, it needs to be pointed out that, in 1973, Farid and associates (44) reported a significant increase in T and a proportionate reduction of B rosette in 17 patients with untreated Grave's disease and 16 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as compared with 24 normal and eight goiter controls. In 1975, six publications later, they (143) had to announce a retraction because further studies by them and by other investigators could not repeat the earlier results. Despite variations and lack of standardization of the test systems, some consistent deviations of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte counts have been reported. T lymphocytes were quantitatively decreased in patients with carcinoma of the brain, breast, head and neck, liver, lung and urologic organs and with malignant melanoma. In general, there is a marked decrease of T cells with increasing stage of disease and a return of T cells to normal level after successful therapy. Cellular immunity is depressed, often lasting for years after localized radiation therapy, whether or not the thymus is included in the treatment field...
 ...
PMID:Peripheral lymphocyte count and suppopulations of T and B lymphocytes in benign and malignant diseases. 30 Jan 79

Preliminary clinical trials using cryopreserved autologous bone marrow reinfusion have now been carried out at our institution in 5 children and 2 adults with advanced stages of neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung. Normal numbers of in vitro colony forming cells (CFU-C) were obtained from these patients despite prior courses of combination chemotherapy. The dose of marrow cells cryopreserved ranged from 1-6 X 10(8) cells/kg and recovery of CFU-C after thawing averaged 50%. Partial or complete hematologic reconstitution was achieved in all patients. The time for recovery ranged from 10-43 days for leukocytes (greater than 1000 cells/mm3) and 23-45 days for platelets (greater than 50,000/mm3). Two patients have died of interstitial pneumonitis due to cytomegalovirus. Three patients have died of recurrent tumor at 40, 48 and 156 days post-transplant. Two patients have had significant therapeutic benefit. One of these had a stable partial response permitting the use of further post-transplant therapy and is alive and well 16+ months post-transplant. The other patient had a complete response and remains tumor-free 25+ months following therapy. We conclude: 1) Autologous bone marrow reinfusion permits hematologic reconstitution following marrow-ablative therapy. 2) A quantity of marrow sufficient for this purpose remains viable following cryopreservation even when obtained from patients previously exposed to chemotherapy. 3) Autologous bone marrow reinfusion now allows the exploration of more intensive cytoreductive therapy in selected malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of selected human malignancies: The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center Program. 40 Jun 94

Diagnostic classification of poorly differentiated, round cell, primitive neuroectodermal neoplasms, including Ewing's sarcoma, peripheral neuroepithelioma, Askin's tumor, and esthesioneuroblastoma, is challenging to the surgical pathologist using conventional histopathologic approaches because of very similar and overlapping morphologic and cytologic features. Furthermore, distinguishing these neoplasms from neuroblastoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, small cell osteogenic sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be difficult. This paper describes and reviews the cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes in these tumors and demonstrates how the ability to detect these changes has enabled a greater understanding of the histogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of these neoplasms.
 ...
PMID:Cytogenetic and pathologic aspects of Ewing's sarcoma and neuroectodermal tumors. 133 Aug 77

Seven children with advanced neuroblastoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with myeloablative chemoradiotherapy (180 mg/m2 melphalan plus 12 Gy fractionated total body irradiation), followed by autotransplantation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). Sufficient PBSC to restore bone marrow function were collected by a small number of leukaphereses during haematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). Furthermore, rapid recovery of neutrophils was found in all patients by the administration of rhG-CSF following transplantation: median 10 d (range 8-12) to attain more than 0.5 x 10(9)/l neutrophils, and 27 d (range 14-73) to attain more than 50 x 10(9)/l platelets, respectively. Haematopoietic reconstitution has been maintained throughout the follow-up period (median 15 months; range, 6-22). Peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by chemotherapy and rhG-CSF can induce complete haematopoietic reconstitution after myeloablative chemoradiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Autotransplantation of peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by chemotherapy and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in childhood neuroblastoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 137 27

Protein-losing enteropathy is often reported to be associated with malignancies such as Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and mesenteric mesenchymoma, but it seldom complicates neuroblastoma. In this report, we describe a case of neuroblastoma presenting as protein-losing enteropathy in which neurohumoral mechanisms were involved.
 ...
PMID:Neuroblastoma presenting as protein-losing enteropathy. 144 Sep 49

To evaluate the significance of the peripheral lymphocyte count in the prognostication of childhood cancer, 173 children with cancer (neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, malignant lymphogranuloma, nephroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma) were studied. All patients with the above-mentioned diagnoses admitted for the first time between 1985 and 1987 without prior treatment and acute infection were eligible for the study. Elevated peripheral lymphocyte count seems to be an independent indicator of survival from neuroblastoma but not from other tumors.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte count as a prognostic factor in childhood cancer. 152 95

We investigated the expression of CD56 (a neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM) and CD57 in various hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignant cells, using Leu-19 and Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies. Although both molecules are commonly defined as a natural killer cell marker, we found that CD56 was highly expressed on blasts from patients with acute monocytic (4/6) and megakaryocytic (3/3) leukemias. In the latter, FACS two-color analysis revealed that leukemic megakaryoblasts simultaneously expressed CD56 and platelet-related antigens. Among leukemic cell lines, one myelocytic, three monocytic, and two megakaryocytic lines were positive for CD56. On the other hand, except for one large granular lymphocytic leukemia and one multiple myeloma cell line, none of the lymphoid leukemia cell lines or lymphoblasts from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (0/15), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (0/2), and central nervous system (CNS) leukemia (0/2) reacted with Leu-19 antibody for CD56. The expression of CD56 in leukemia cells was not significantly affected by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). By contrast, all hematopoietic materials were negative for CD57, while non-hematopoietic neuroblastoma cell lines expressed this molecule (4/5) as well as CD56 (5/5). Cytogenetically, the NCAM gene is located at chromosome 11q23, and chromosome breaks were often observed at this location in various leukemias. Blasts from all five acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients and cell lines with 11q23-proximal chromosomal breaks were positive, while those from one ALL patient with an 11q23 abnormality were negative for CD56, necessitating further studies to clarify the link between the 11q23 abnormality and CD56 expression.
 ...
PMID:Expression of CD56/NCAM on hematopoietic malignant cells. A useful marker for acute monocytic and megakaryocytic leukemias. 172 53

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed under ultrasound guidance on 17 abdominal masses in 16 pediatric patients at Baragwanath Hospital. The aspirated cellular material was assessed by conventional cytomorphology and by electron microscopy (EM). A diagnosis of malignancy was rendered for all 15 tumors that were adequately sampled (88.2%); the remaining 2 masses yielded insufficient material for either light microscopy or EM. Cytologic cell typing (including the use of EM) was successful in 12 of the 15 tumors (80%) as compared with the histologic diagnosis. EM was in agreement with the initial cytologic diagnosis in eight tumors, but corrected the initial impression in four tumors. The tumors with adequate aspirates included nine nephroblastomas and single examples of neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, renal carcinoma and malignant rhabdoid tumor. The last three were not accurately typed by cytology plus EM. These preliminary results suggest that FNA cytology with adjunctive EM could become a useful technique in the preoperative assessment of pediatric abdominal tumors.
 ...
PMID:Fine needle aspiration of pediatric abdominal masses. Cytologic and electron microscopic diagnosis. 185 56

The sarcomas, particularly those of soft-tissue origin, pose substantial diagnostic challenges for the clinician and pathologist. Several small round cell sarcomas, including Ewing's sarcoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, can be difficult to distinguish from one another. These same sarcomas can be difficult to distinguish from other small round cell tumors, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and neuroblastoma. Spindle cell sarcomas, including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, synovial sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma, present similar diagnostic challenges. This review discusses 1) recent advances in immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and cytogenetics that enable a specific diagnosis in virtually all sarcoma cases; 2) cell biology and oncogenetic implications of novel morphologic and genetic findings in sarcomas; and 3) clinical implications of the recent characterization of several family cancer syndrome genes.
 ...
PMID:Laboratory investigation, genetics, and experimental models in sarcomas. 193 25

Using a database comprising 13,266 cytogenetically abnormal neoplasms, the geographic heterogeneity of neoplasia-associated chromosomal abnormalities was investigated by comparing the frequencies of characteristic aberrations in consecutive series of patients with the same diagnosis. Significant frequency differences between geographic areas were found for the aberrations +8, i(17q), +19, and an additional Ph1 chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); -5, 5q-, and +8 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL); t(8;21) in ANLL-M2; t(15;17) in ANLL-M3; 5q- and -7 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); t(9;22) and +21 in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma; -8 and -22/22q- in meningioma; and structural abnormalities of 12q in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands (PAS). No geographic incidence variation was detected for -7 and +21 in ANLL; +8 in MDS; 6q- and +8 in ALL; +12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; 6q- in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL); t(8;14) in Burkitt's lymphoma; t(11;22) in Ewing's sarcoma; i(12p) in germ cell tumors; 1p- in neuroblastoma; structural abnormalities of 3q, 8q, and 9p in PAS; or 3p- in renal cell carcinoma. Intraregional frequency similarities between cytogenetically identical abnormalities in related tumor types were also analyzed. No significant correlations were found regarding the incidence of 5q- in ANLL and MDS, 6q- in ALL and NHL, -7 in ANLL and MDS, +8 in ANLL and CML, +8 in ANLL and MDS, +8 in ALL and ANLL, or +21 in ALL and ANLL. The findings indicate that some geographic heterogeneity of tumor-associated aberrations exists both in hematologic neoplasms and in solid tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Geographic heterogeneity of neoplasia-associated chromosome aberrations. 195 98


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>