Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated by 12-)-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate(TPA) express morphological and biochemical changes, which indicate that differentiation towards more mature cells has occurred. The most prominent morphological changes were the development in 40-60% of the cells of cell-surface projections longer than 50 micrometers and cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules demonstrated by electron microscopy. At the biochemical level, TPA induced a two-fold increase in the relative activity of neuron-specific enolase and 30- to 40-fold increase in noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations. A decrease in proliferation rate of TPA-treated cells was observed. The biological effects of TPA were slightly potentiated by nerve growth factor.
 ...
PMID:Phenotypic changes of human neuroblastoma cells in culture induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. 730 95

A 7-cm anterior mediastinal tumor in an 80-year-old woman was found by light and electron microscopy to be a neuroblastoma. Immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and chromogranin supported the diagnosis. Neuroblastoma is an uncommon tumor in adults and we are not aware of a previous report of such a tumor in a patient of this age.
 ...
PMID:Neuroblastoma of the anterior mediastinum in an 80-year-old woman. 757 Oct 89

Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumour of the sympathetic nervous system with marked heterogeneity in terms of histological maturity and clinical course. A previous study revealed that high tumour levels of the csrc protein, particularly its neuronal isoform (pp60csrcN), correlated with favourable outcome. To test whether this feature reflects a higher degree of neuronal maturation in these tumours, an extended series (47 consecutive neuroblastomas and 10 ganglioneuromas) were analysed for levels of csrc protein isoforms, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin. Immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay techniques were employed. The results were compared with conventional histological signs of neuronal maturation. High pp60csrcN levels were specific for prognostically favourable neuroblastomas and correlated with high neuronal marker levels. However, signs of histological maturation correlated poorly with these parameters. It is therefore concluded that low stage tumours are highly differentiated in biochemical terms despite their frequently immature histology. Furthermore, the clinical usefulness of these biochemical parameters as prognostic markers was compared with established parameters in a multivariate analysis. Stage 4 disease, MYCN amplification, and age above 18 months at diagnosis was the most powerful combination of variables found for predicting a poor outcome. As expected, none of the neuronal differentiation markers investigated could add to the prediction of aggressive disease when compared with this model. However, high expression of pp60csrcN appeared to be useful in predicting long-term survival in high stage infant neuroblastoma.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical evidence for a mature phenotype in morphologically poorly differentiated neuroblastomas with a favourable outcome. 757 41

Twenty cases of olfactory neuroblastoma were available for clinical and histopathological evaluation. The usefulness of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of this tumour was investigated and was best achieved using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, notably neuron-specific enolase, PGP 9.5, S-100 protein, synaptophysin and chromogranin A. This study confirmed that immunohistochemistry is a useful adjunct in cases where conventional histology is equivocal.
 ...
PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma: clinical and pathological aspects. 768 84

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) occurs in mature neurons and paraneurons. We have isolated the genomic clone coding for rat NSE and clarified its gene structure. In order to analyze the regulatory sequence in the 5'-upstream region and introns, we carried out transient expression experiments of NSE genomic DNA fragments fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene which were transfected into several cultured cells. The used cells were primary cultured rat neurons, PC12, neuroblastoma 35, neuroblastoma 103, C6, primary cultured rat glial cells and HeLa cells. The promoter sequence (190 bp) upstream to the transcription initiation site was important in the expression of CAT gene in these cells. From the experiments with external and internal deletion mutants of the fusion gene, the cis-acting regulatory region responsible for the enhanced expression of the CAT activity in the primary cultured neuron and PC12 cells was found to be localized at upstream 500 bp sequence of the intron 1 and 1.5 kbp upstream sequence of the transcription initiation site. In the upstream important sequences, there were the nearest sequences for AP-1 binding motif, AP-2 binding element, SP-1 binding sequence, cAMP response element, half site of glucocorticoid receptor (GRE) binding sequence, half site of thyroid hormor receptor (TR) or retinoic acid receptor (RAR) binding sequence and MTF-1 binding sequence. Furthermore, Octamer-6 binding motifs also were found. In the intron 1, 5' end upstream 50 bp and downstream 100 bp were the most important sequences. We found the nearest sequences for cAMP response element, E2F binding sequence, early growth response (EGR)-1 binding motif, half site of TCF-1 binding sequence and a neuron-specific element-like sequence in the intron 1.
 ...
PMID:Upstream and intron regulatory regions for expression of the rat neuron-specific enolase gene. 770 74

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can transduce genes into non-proliferating cells such as neurons that are refractory to other means of gene transfer. We have been interested to examine the potential usefulness of HSV-1 as a gene transfer vehicle to analyze neuron-specific regulatory sequences. In this study, we have used a replication-defective HSV-1-based vector deleted for the essential immediate early gene 3 (IE3) to transduce a 1.8 kb promoter fragment from the rat neuron-specific enolase gene (nse) linked to the firefly luciferase reporter gene (luc). It has previously been shown that the same promoter fragment is capable of directing neuron-specific expression of a linked reporter gene in transgenic mice. As an internal control for infection and gene expression, we also inserted the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene driven by the SV40 early promoter/enhancer into the thymidine kinase locus of the same vector. We infected (i) non-neuronal BHK-C13 cells which do not express the endogenous nse gene, (ii) differentiated and non-differentiated pheochromocytoma PC12 cells as well as (iii) N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells, all of which do express endogenous nse. All three cell types produced luciferase upon infection, indicating that the same nse promoter fragment that has previously been shown to be regulated in a cell-specific manner in transgenic mice, was not regulated cell type-specifically in the context of the HSV-1 genome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Transduction of foreign regulatory sequences by a replication-defective herpes simplex virus type 1: the rat neuron-specific enolase promoter. 775 77

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB; olfactory neuroblastoma) is a rare, locally aggressive neoplasm of the sinonasal area and anterior cranial fossa. The histogenesis of the lesion is not clearly delineated, and the broad histological spectrum of ENB has confounded the issue. The location, histological features (neuropil, Homer Wright, and olfactory rosettes), and reported immunocytochemical reactions (neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin (CHR) positivity) suggest that ENB may be a neural or neuroendocrine neoplasm derived from the olfactory membrane. Recent demonstration in two of three metastatic putative ENB cell lines of the 11;22 chromosomal translocation, seen in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) of bone and peripheral neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of bone and soft tissue, has led to the conclusion that ENB may be closely related histogenetically to PNET. The overwhelming majority of cases of ES and PNET express the protein product of MIC-2, a gene located on the pseudoautosomal region of the X and Y chromosomes. This protein can be identified immunocytochemically by antibodies 12E7, HBA71, and ON13. We studied the expression of MIC-2 using the 12E7 antibody as well as multiple neural markers in 18 ENB samples obtained from the files of The Johns Hopkins Hospital. The patients ranged in age from 19 to 90 years (mean, 47.5; median, 47) and included five men and 13 women. None of the 18 specimens reacted with antibody 12E7, but 16 were positive for NSE, nine reacted to synaptophysin (SYN), and 13 showed antibodies to chromogranin (CHR). Our studies agree with the previous suggestions that ENB is a primitive neural tumor but fail to support the hypothesis that it is a member of the PNET family.
 ...
PMID:Is esthesioneuroblastoma a peripheral neuroectodermal tumor? 777 94

The clinical value of neuron-specific enolase as a marker is small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, melanoma and seminoma has been reviewed. The role of serum and cerebrospinal NSE in benign and malignant disease of the central nervous system is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Neuron-specific enolase. 783 97

For the sake of discussion, the markedly diversified tumors of the endocrine/neuroendocrine system are classified as those originating in classic epithelial endocrine organs (eg, adrenal cortical adenomas), from the diffuse endocrine cells (eg, jejunal carcinoid tumors), or from clusters of these cells (eg, islet cell tumors); and those arising from neurosecretory neurons (eg, neuroblastoma) or paraganglia (eg, carotid body tumor). Although traditional transmission electron microscopy is useful for identifying neurosecretory or endosecretory granules as such, with few exceptions (eg, insulin-containing granules with a complex paracrystalline core) it is not possible to ascribe a granule type (size, shape, or ultrastructure) to a distinct nosologic entity or secretory product because of their overlapping fine structures in different cell types. Immunoelectron microscopy methods utilizing colloidal gold-labeled secondary antibodies can be used to localize virtually any antigen (peptide or neuroamine) to a specific neurosecretory or endosecretory granule or other cell structure. General endocrine/neuroendocrine cell markers such as neuron-specific enolase, the chromogranins, and synaptophysin are useful in identifying neuroendocrine differentiation in a neoplasm using routine immunohistochemical procedures. The current relevance of the APUD concept of Pearse as well as the biologic importance of endocrine/neuroendocrine secretory products such as bombesin and insulinlike growth factors also are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Tumors of the endocrine/neuroendocrine system: an overview. 791 Jul 11

Immunohistochemical analysis of five paraffin wax-embedded neoplasms was performed to elucidate the characteristics of bovine nervous-tissue tumours. In case 1 (peripheral neuroblastoma), the neoplastic tissue was characterized by the formation of true and Homer-Wright rosettes and the existence of neuron-specific enolase. The neoplastic cells were possibly more immature than those of common neuroblastomas, because similar features are observed in human malignant neuroepitheliomas. The neoplastic cells in case 2 (ganglioneuroblastoma) ranged from large cells with abundant neurofilaments to immature small cells, rarely with neurofilaments or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Such expression suggests the presence of pluripotential cells. The neoplastic tissue in case 3 (anaplastic ganglioglioma) was strikingly polymorphous, and had five elements; neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, spindle cell and small oval cell. The neoplastic neurocytes and astrocytes were, respectively, characterized by neurofilament and GFAP positivity. The neoplastic oligodendrocytes made a honeycomb appearance, and the neoplastic spindle cells and small oval cells were considered to be less differentiated. The tumours of cases 2 and 3, which contained poorly differentiated cells and revealed both neuronal and glial differentiation, may be specific to calves. In case 4 (schwannoma), almost all the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, while S100-negative fibroblasts were present in many areas of case 5 (neurofibroma). These two tumours were readily distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study of peripheral neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, anaplastic ganglioglioma, schwannoma and neurofibroma in cattle. 796 22


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>