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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In some cases of retroperitoneal tumour, preoperative investigations fail to conclusively differentiate between neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumour. Diagnostic difficulties can be encountered also intraoperatively, and even the histopathological presentation can be equivocal. According to earlier results, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in tumour extract can be used as a marker for neuronal tissue and thus offers a new diagnostic criterion differing neuroblastoma from e.g. Wilms' tumour. This paper presents a case of Wilms' tumour where a low content of NSE in the tumour extract correctly indicated a non-neuronal tumour, whereas preoperative presentation and primary histopathology suggested a neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase as a differential marker in a case of retroperitoneal tumour. 631 96

Retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma have many common features, clinical as well as histologic; a common embryonic origin has been suggested. The authors studied the electrophoretic pattern of enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) in these tumors. All tumors were characterized by the presence of three types of enolase, designated as alpha alpha, alpha gamma and gamma gamma. The latter is supposed to be the neuron-specific enolase. Normal adult brain and adult retina show the same set of isozymes (alpha alpha, alpha gamma and gamma gamma). In contrast, gliomas of childhood, tumors originating from the supportive tissue of the central nervous system, are characterized mainly by the presence of the alpha alpha dimer and a small amount of the alpha gamma hybrid. The results of this report support the hypothesis of a common embryonic origin of retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma.
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PMID:Isozyme pattern of enolase of childhood tumors. 632 5

Enolase isozymes (alpha, beta and gamma enolases) in the extracts of pediatric tumors (neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms' tumor) were determined by means of enzyme immunoassay systems. All tumor tissues examined contained alpha enolase at high levels (2070-19100 ng/mg protein). The beta and gamma enolases were present at high levels particularly in rhabdomyosarcoma (886 +/- 750 ng/mg protein) and (ganglio)neuroblastoma (2060 +/- 890 ng/mg protein), respectively. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed these results. Serum levels of these enolase isozymes were also determined in pediatric tumor patients. Before treatment, a serum sample from a patient with rhabdomyosarcoma contained a high level of beta enolase and serum samples from patients with (ganglio)neuroblastoma contained high levels of gamma enolase. However, the levels of serum beta and gamma enolases were low in patients with Wilms' tumor. The elevated level of beta or gamma enolase in serum from rhabdomyosarcoma or (ganglio)neuroblastoma patients was markedly decreased after adequate treatment (operation, chemotherapy or radiation). The results indicated that the enolase isozymes are useful marker antigens for differential diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Enolase isozymes as markers for differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms' tumor. 632 51

Cultured human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells differentiated in the presence of retinoic acid (RA) or 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In both cases, the cells acquired long cell processes and the cell growth was partially inhibited. Treatment with RA or TPA resulted in an increased neuron-specific enolase activity, relative to the total cellular enolase activity. At the optimal concentration, TPA induced a 200-fold increase in the concentration of noradrenalin, whereas in RA-treated cells the corresponding increase was only fourfold. Cells treated with a combination of RA and TPA were morphologically differentiated and growth inhibited and had a high relative activity of neuron-specific enolase. The increase in the concentration of noradrenalin induced by TPA was inhibited by RA in a concentration-dependent fashion. However, despite this result there seemed to be no general antagonistic effect of RA on the TPA-induced differentiation. The phenotypes of the cells treated by RA, TPA, or the combination of RA and TPA, did, on the other hand, differ from each other. Our results suggest that RA and TPA induce the SH-SY5Y cells to differentiate along different pathways.
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PMID:Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of cultured human neuroblastoma cells: a comparison with phorbolester-induced differentiation. 646 78

In normal conditions, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is histochemically demonstrable only in neurons and cells of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system. This has been found not to be true for neoplastic cells. Several types of CNS tumors, including glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, pineocytoma , meningioma, and choroid plexus papilloma, focally stained positively for NSE. Reactive astrocytes were also frequently positive. In the peripheral nervous system, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, and paraganglioma stained positively for NSE. A number of non-APUD tumors were focally positive. These included schwannoma, carcinoma and fibroadenoma of the breast, renal cell carcinoma, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, and chordoma. Caution should be exercised in relying on the immunohistochemical demonstration of NSE as a diagnostic marker in those tumors that do not belong to the APUD cell system. It seems of little value as evidence of differentiation in CNS tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in neoplasms of the CNS and other tissues. 654 18

The problem of differentiation of medulloblastoma is considered. In this regard 43 medulloblastomas, showing cells with glial or neuronal features by routine histologic methods, were studied. The investigation was carried out by means of the immunohistochemical demonstration of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the neuron-specific enolase (NSE). In most cases, GFAP-positive cells are preexisting astrocytes; in two cases they correspond to the transitional cells of the subependymal layer. NSE was demonstrated in areas filled with cells with neuroblastic features. The relationship between medulloblastoma with neuron-differentiation and cerebellar neuroblastoma is discussed.
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PMID:Contributions of immunohistochemistry to the problem of differentiation in medulloblastoma. 667 39

A number of neural and nonneural tumor cell lines of rat and human origin were assayed for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) by radioimmunoassay. Most neural tumor cell lines had appreciably higher levels of NSE than did the nonneural tumor cell lines, the highest levels being found in two anaplastic rat glioma lines ( F98 and T24). These two lines contained more than twice the amount of NSE found in a rat pheochromocytoma line (PC12) and in neuroblastoma lines derived from rats ( B35 and B50 ) or humans (IMR-32 and SHSY - 5Y ). Several of the rat glioma and schwannoma lines were inoculated intracerebrally into syngeneic rats. In the resulting tumors, NSE was demonstrable by immunohistochemistry only in those from the F98 and T24 cell lines. A number of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat tumors were also examined immunohistochemically for NSE: NSE was demonstrated in three anaplastic gliomas; three astrocytomas; and two mixed gliomas. Reactive astrocytes were also positive. Fibroadenomas of apocrine and mammary glands in rats were weakly positive, but other extraneural tumors tested were negative. Since normal neuronal elements, axonal swellings, and amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells are strongly positive for NSE, whereas glia and most other normal cells are negative, we hypothesize that the elevated metabolic demands imposed on neoplastic and reactive glial cells and on some extraneural tumors necessitate the opening up of metabolic pathways that are normally operative only in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, therefore resulting in the synthesis of the more stable neuron-specific form of enolase.
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PMID:Immunoradiometric and immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in experimental rat gliomas. 672 96

The presence of the two forms of enolase, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and non-neuronal enolase (NNE), have been examined in biopsy material of human neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma and cultured neuroblastoma cells, after separation with ion exchange chromatography. The enolase activities were inhibited in the presence of NaCl but remained active in KCl, which were used in the chromatographic step. The relative NSE levels in the neuroblastoma tissues were found to be lower than in the histopathologically more differentiated forms of the tumour, i.e. ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. The human neuroblastoma in vitro cell lines SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC and IMR-32 contained considerably lower relative levels of NSE compared to the levels in the neuroblastoma biopsies. After treatment of the cultured cells with nerve growth factor or dibutyryl-cAMP some cells showed morphological differentiation and concomitantly an increase in the NSE levels. The results indicate that NSE might be useful as a marker for differentiation in human neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase in relation to differentiation in human neuroblastoma. 679 14

A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases of malignant neuroepithelioma (peripheral neuroblastoma) of soft tissues is reported. The patients were chiefly young Japanese adults with a median age of 21 years. The tumors arose mainly in the soft tissues of the lower extremity (seven cases) and the trunk (four cases). Microscopically, there were sheets of closely packed, small round or oval cells, and Homer Wright-type rosettes were seen in all cases, one of which also had Flexner-type rosettes. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic localization of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was demonstrated in six of the eight cases, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In no case, however, was there any staining reaction for S-100 protein. Of the 14 patients for whom follow-up information could be obtained, nine died within a period of 2 years and two were alive and well for over 5 years after the initial treatment. Differential diagnosis from other soft-tissue round-cell sarcomas, such as embryonal or alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma, and others, are briefly discussed, on a clinicopathologic basis.
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PMID:Malignant neuroepithelioma (peripheral neuroblastoma). A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. 686 63

The levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in rat adrenal medulla increase with age. A sharp increase was observed until the age of 15 days. At this time, the NSE level dropped slightly, followed by a gradual increase until the rats were 1 year old. The adrenal medullary NSE levels in males were higher than those observed in females. The difference was seen from 32 days of age, but was not statistically significant until 1 year. This study indicates that NSE can be used as a marker for differentiation in adrenal medulla, as it is used in the central nervous system and in neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma cells.
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PMID:A developmental study of neuron-specific enolase in rat adrenal medulla. 714 3


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