Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y (SY5Y) cultures, exposed to murine 7 S nerve growth factor (NGF) for 5 weeks and selected with aphidicolin (Aph) for 1 week, acquire several properties indicative of mature peripheral nerve cells. The mitotic activity of treated cultures decreases prior to Aph selection and ultimately reaches a level approximately 3% that of untreated cultures by Week 4 of treatment. The measured plasma membrane resting potential of the cells increases from -5 mV for untreated cells to -(45-56) mV for NGF/Aph-treated cells. Intracellular stores of monoamines are increased as determined by histochemical staining, and levels of neuron-specific enolase antigen increase as a result of NGF/Aph treatment. The resulting outgrowth of neurites is extensive and large bundles of processes commonly exceed 300 micron in length. NGF/Aph-treated cells acquire a dependence upon NGF for survival; however, with continued administration of NGF, the cultures appear to be capable of surviving indefinitely. Retinoic acid will also promote certain aspects of a differentiated phenotype under similar culture conditions. As judged by these criteria, cells of the SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line have the potential for phenotypic and irreversible differentiation in vitro and can survive for prolonged periods under these culture conditions.
 ...
PMID:Phenotypic differentiation of aphidicolin-selected human neuroblastoma cultures after long-term exposure to nerve growth factor. 243 77

In a case of olfactory neuroblastoma, originally misdiagnosed as an undifferentiated carcinoma, cytologic examination of material scraped from the superior nasal vault revealed tumor cells suggestive of neuroblastoma. The most significant cytodiagnostic feature was the presence of a fibrillary cytoplasm with ill-defined borders. Also noteworthy were the smudged hyperchromatic nuclei and structures resembling rosettes or pseudorosettes. The diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of dense-core neurosecretory granules, clear vesicles, neurotubules and neurofilaments, and by immunohistochemistry, which showed positive staining for neuron-specific enolase but negative staining for keratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Since olfactory neuroblastoma has a relatively good prognosis and aggressive surgical resection may be curative, it is important that this tumor be distinguished from other small cell malignancies arising in the nasal cavity. The present case shows that the diagnosis can be made by the cytologic examination of scrapings from the tumor.
 ...
PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma. Cytodiagnostic features in a case with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical correlation. 245 84

Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), NCC-LU-243, -244 and -246, detected three different epitopes on a 145-kDa cell membrane antigen, which had been designated as the cluster 1 antigen at the First International Workshop on Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Antigens. The distribution of the antigen in various tissues, cultured cells and sera was examined by immunohistochemistry and sandwich radioimmunoassay using these mAbs. The antigen is a normal differentiation antigen and is present in neuronal, neuroendocrine and cardiac muscle cells. The level of the antigen was highest in central nervous tissues, while it was undetectable in the liver, kidney and peripheral lung. Among tumor tissues, the antigen was detected only in SCLC, carcinoid tumor and neuroblastoma, indicating its usefulness as a marker for discriminating SCLC from non-SCLC. The level of the antigen varied among SCLC tissues and tended to be lower in variant-type cultured SCLC cells. Although an increase in the antigen level was observed in sera of some patients with advanced SCLC, the antigen did not possess any additional value over neuron-specific enolase as a serum tumor marker for monitoring SCLC patients.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative distribution of cluster 1 small cell lung cancer antigen in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, cultured cells and sera. 247 55

As neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumour in childhood, may contain all the constituents of the catecholamine biosynthesis cascade, some of these constituents may be produced in excess in a varying mixture reflecting the wide variability in expression of differentiated features of the tumour. We have measured plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and plasma activities of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (ALAAD) in 18 patients with neuroblastoma, in 13 at various times during the course of their disease. Activities of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), serum levels of ferritin (FER) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and urinary vanilmandelic acid (VMA) were also determined. NE, E and DBH were found not to reflect tumour activity. In untreated active neuroblastoma DOPA or ALAAD (10 out of 10) or both (six out of 10) were clearly elevated. In all 13 patients where samples were obtained during chemotherapy, ALAAD activities fell within the normal range, while DOPA decreased more slowly. During relapse, DOPA and, especially, ALAAD, rapidly increased; in all six patients who had a relapse both DOPA and ALAAD were elevated. In complete remission (eight patients), ALAAD was normal in all patients, but DOPA remained elevated in the one patient who later experienced a relapse. Our preliminary conclusion is that combined measurements of plasma ALAAD and DOPA may be useful markers for neuroblastoma activity at diagnosis, but even more so in indicating residual disease (DOPA) and in the early detection of relapse (ALAAD).
 ...
PMID:Combined measurements of plasma aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and DOPA as tumour markers in diagnosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma. 250 83

N-myc gene amplification of the gynecological malignant tumor cell lines and a neuroblastoma cell line was studied by the Southern hybridization method along with the production of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) by these cell lines. N-myc amplification and NSE production were observed side by side in three cell lines: neuroblastoma cell line HSNB, endodermal sinus tumor cell line HAEST, and malignant teratoma cell line HUOT. However, N-myc amplification and NSE production disappeared gradually following successive passages of the HAEST and HUOT lines. With respect to the HUOT line, these parameters disappeared along with the cells of nervous origin. N-myc amplification and NSE production were not observed in nine other cell lines.
 ...
PMID:N-myc amplification and neuron-specific enolase production of a neuroblastoma cell line and germ cell tumor cell lines. 254 41

The histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma (EW) and extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EEW) is still disputable. Their relationship to the so-called Askin's tumor, neuroectodermal tumor of bone, and peripheral neuroblastoma remains to be established. In an attempt to clarify these points, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies were done on tissues from 14 cases of EW, 4 cases of EEW, and 9 cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and compared with neuroblastoma and olfactory neuroblastoma. Six tumors categorized initially as EW and EEW on biopsy, turned out to be PNET by extensive histologic and/or ultrastructural observations. Abundant glycogen was recognized not only in 16 of 18 cases of EW and EEW, but also in seven of nine cases of PNET. Fine fibrillar cell processes were seen between tumor cells, at least in limited areas even in cases of EW and EEW. Immunocytochemically, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neuroblastoma cell surface antigen (NBCA), neuron cell surface antigen (NCSA), and neurofilament (NF) were demonstrated not only in neuroblastoma, but also frequently in cases of EW, EEW, and PNET. The results seem to suggest that EW and EEW represent the most immature forms of neuroectodermal tumor. Electron microscopic study showed predominantly primitive cells with occasional areas of cell processes, neurosecretory granules, and microtubules, suggesting a neuroectodermal origin.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of the histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma and putatively related tumors. 254 95

The role of protein kinase C activation in changes in muscarinic receptor functions and in the appearance of biochemical properties characteristic of neuronal cells was studied in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells induced to differentiate with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). A decrease in muscarinic receptor sensitivity with respect to agonist induced Ca2+ mobilization and receptor number parallelled the increase in membrane-associated protein kinase C (PK-C) activity. These changes occurred during the first 6 h of culture, and they were associated with rounding-up of cells. A subsequent decrease in particulate PK-C activity was followed by an increase in noradrenaline content, the appearance of an electrically excitable membrane, and an increase in the level of neuron-specific enolase. These changes were accompanied by a pronounced neurite outgrowth. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), an inhibitor of PK-C and cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, enhanced the morphological differentiation induced by TPA, whereas N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide (HA-1004), which primarily inhibits cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, had no effect on the TPA-induced phenotypic differentiation. H-7 inhibited the decrease in muscarinic receptor sensitivity and receptor number, but had no effect on the appearance of the electrically excitable membrane or on the increase in the neuron-specific enolase level. Both H-7 and HA-1004 inhibited the TPA-induced increase in noradrenaline content.
 ...
PMID:Protein kinase C activation and down-regulation in relation to phorbol ester-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. 255 Apr 78

Peripheral blood stem cells have been used in lieu of marrow as autologous cellular support after marrow-ablative radio/chemotherapy. Autologous marrow support allows the use of higher, more effective doses of therapy. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) offer the potential for this form of "transplant" in patients with marrow involved with disease. PBSC use also allows the avoidance of marrow harvest under general anesthesia. Previous reports of PBSC use have been limited to adults. This article describes peripheral blood stem cell collection in children, and documents the successful use of such cells in a 21/2-year-old boy and a 3-year-old girl with progressive stage IV neuroblastoma involving the marrow. Collections were performed using a Fenwal CS3000 blood cell processor primed with fresh frozen plasma and red cells, using a low flow rate to avoid citrate toxicity. The transplant was performed using collections that were negative or low in neuroblastoma cells (as detected by anti-neuron-specific enolase and antineuroblastoma monoclonal antibodies) after preparation with high-dose cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin. Posttransplant recovery was uneventful, and engraftment was comparable to that in 4 patients treated with a similar preparative regimen followed by infusion of autologous marrow. Using careful technique, PBSC support in lieu of marrow may be a viable treatment modality in pediatric neuroblastoma or other solid tumors, particularly when the marrow is involved with disease.
 ...
PMID:Clinical collection and use of peripheral blood stem cells in pediatric patients. 256 52

Cultured human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells could be induced to differentiate morphologically and biochemically followed by growth inhibition, by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The cells showed a limited differentiation when treated with substances known to increase the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP. When these substances were combined with TPA, morphological differentiation and growth inhibition of the cells were potentiated. In contrast, these substances inhibited the TPA-induced increase in noradrenaline concentration and the relative activity of neuron-specific enolase. Both the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP and the cytosolic level of cyclic AMP-binding components were similar in control and TPA-treated cells. It is suggested that cyclic AMP has a limited and non-regulatory role in the initiation of differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. The effect of cyclic AMP is probably coupled mainly to the polymerization of microtubules, thus enhancing the morphological differentiation of the cells.
 ...
PMID:12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells is not accompanied by an increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP. 258 Jun 4

Six patients of olfactory neuroblastoma were treated, and two of them were studied with electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. These patients, four male and two female, ranged in age from 37 to 73 years old. Five patients had nasal bleeding, and only one patient had frontal pain and optic disorder without nasal bleeding. None of the patients had metastasis. However, three patients had local recurrence and invasion into the intracranial region. The tumors of three patients were confined to the nasal cavity and one or more paranasal sinuses. The tumors of the other three patients extended beyond the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Two patients, treated with radiotherapy and cryosurgery, died of the disease 7 and 21 years after treatment, respectively. Two patients, treated with radiotherapy alone or a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, died of other causes without recurrence 2 and 3 years later, respectively. A patient treated with craniofacial resection alone is still alive after 4 years. However, he has local recurrence and has been treated with radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The last patient, treated with craniofacial resection following radiotherapy, is still alive after 3 years without any symptoms of recurrence. The two most recent cases were studied with electron microscopy, stains for PAS, Grimelius and Bodian, and immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The tumor cells of one case were well differentiated because they contained neurosecretory granules and neurites, and the tumor cells of the other case were poorly differentiated because they contained only neurites-like structures.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and histopathological studies of olfactory neuroblastoma. 261 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>