Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pollution from the Kjeldahl method for crude protein has been reduced by substituting a low level of copper (0.04 g CuSO4) for the mercury (0.7 g HgO) specified in the AOAC official method, 2.049. Adjustments were made in the salt-acid ratio so the new system could handle hard-to-digest samples in a reasonable time. The new method was rugged for lysine. HCl. It is designed to be used for crude protein in feeds or similar Kjeldahl work. Precision and accuracy were equal to or better than that for the official method in a study of 17 samples analyzed in duplicate on 3 different days. The following samples were used in the study: lysine. HCl, tryptophan, NBS standards, urea, meals, mixed feeds, grains, and forage. The average per cent nitrogen found was 9.52 by the official method and 9.53 by the copper method. The average standard deviation was 0.038 by the official method and 0.033 by the copper method, giving the corresponding relative standard deviations of 0.40 and 0.35%.
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PMID:Pollution-reduced Kjeldahl method for crude protein. 103 79

The water-soluble carbodiimide salt 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. HCl (EDCI-HCl) has been shown to increase the complement-dependent lysis of cultured mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cells by two types of antibody: (1) natural antibodies in the sera of normal (nonimmunized) rabbits, and (b) serum antibodies from snygeneic tumor-bearing A/HeJ mice. In the latter case, both the level of serum antibodies and the extent of carbodiimide enhancement of immune lysis were demonstrated in vitro to be substantially greater with sera from mice bearing 21-day-old tumors relative to 4-day-old tumors. The carbodiimide EDCI-HCl has also been found to increase the complement-dependent lysis of cultured TA3 carcinoma cells by serum antibodies from isogeneic LAF1/J mice bearing ascites tumors in advanced stages of growth. Finally, it has been shown that EDCI-HCl exerts an antitumor activity in vivo that is significantly greater against 21-day-old than against 4-day-old neuroblastoma c1300 tumors. The increase in EDCI-HCl activity with tumor age is contrary to the response that would be expected if this drug were serving as an antimetabolite. This is evidenced by data showing that the antimetabolite 6-thioguanine is most effective against young rapidly growing neuroblastoma C1300 tumors. The correlation between carbodiimide antitumor activity and host production of cytotoxic antibodies suggests that EDCI-HCl may operate in vivo by an immunological mechanism comparalbe to that demonstrated in vitro.
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PMID:Carbodiimide enhancement of complement-dependent antibody-mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro and antitumor activity in vivo. 111 28

3H-5-HT (serotonin) binding and its displacement by various specific subtype ligands and effects on the phosphoinositides (PI) turnover were studied in cultured C6 glioma and N2 neuroblastoma cells from rodents. Saturation analysis of 3H-5-HT binding to C6 cells revealed that its Kd and Bmax were 3.0 nM and 18.0 pmole/mg protein respectively. DOI.HCl (5-HT2 agonist) and ketanserin (5-HT2 antagonist) had the highest affinities in the drug-displacement of 3H-5-HT binding to C6 cells studied. The IC50 values for DOI-HCl and ketanserin were 7.5 x 10(-7) and 3.5 x 10(-8) M respectively. 5-HT also induced 3H-PI breakdown and generated 3H-IP. The EC50 values for 5-HT for this event were in the dose range between 0.5 to 1.5 microM, and this 5-HT-induced response could be blocked by 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin more effectively than the 5-HT1 antagonist or 5-HT3 antagonist studied. 3H-5-HT binding to N2 cells revealed that its Kd and Bmax were 4.0 nM and 80 pmole/mg protein respectively in the saturation analysis study. The drug-displacement of this binding revealed that MDL 72222 (5-HT3 antagonist) had a higher affinity than ketanserin. The IC50 values for MDL 72222 and ketanserin were 10 nM and 10 microM respectively, when 3 nM of 3H-5-HT was used. Our results indicate that the predominant receptor subtype of 5-HT in C6 and N2 cells are 5-HT2, and 5-HT3 respectively, and that the PI turnover is linked to 5-HT2, but not 5-HT3 receptor activation.
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PMID:Characterization of 3H-serotonin (5-HT) binding and effects on the phosphoinositides (PI) turnover in cultured C6 glioma and N2 neuroblastoma cells from rodents. 133 7

This study was made to compare the physical and chemical properties of amalgam with those of gallium alloy in which the invented liquid alloy containing the three fundamental components of Ga-Sn-In or Ga-Sn-In-Ag were used instead of mercury. Experiment 1. The physical and chemical properties were investigated after the liquid gallium alloy and high copper amalgam powder were mixed. The following results were obtained; 1) The invented gallium alloy group showed expansion in dimensional changes immediately after mixing. This alloy group showed the same compressive and diametral tensile strength as those in amalgam after 7 days. 2) This alloy group showed slightly more corrosion weight loss in 0.05% HCl and 1% lactic acid solutions than that in amalgam, but this alloy group showed the same corrosion weight loss in 1% NaCl solution and artificial saliva as in amalgam. Also this alloy group showed more discoloration (delta E, NBS) in 0.1% Na2S solution than that in amalgam, but this showed the same degree of discoloration in artificial saliva. Experiment 2. The physical and chemical properties were investigated after the same liquid gallium alloy and Ag-Pd-Sn-Cu-Zn alloy powder were mixed. The following results were obtained; 1) The invented gallium alloy group showed expansion in dimensional changes immediately after mixing. This showed superior quality in compressive and diametral tensile strength as compared with those of amalgam. 2) The invented gallium alloy showed slightly more corrosion weight loss in 0.05% HCl and 1% lactic acid solutions than that in amalgam, but this alloy group showed the same corrosion weight loss in 1% NaCl solution and artificial saliva as in amalgam. Also this alloy group showed more discoloration (delta E, NBS) in 0.1% solution than that in amalgam, but it was the same in artificial saliva.
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PMID:[A basic study on gallium alloys for dental restorations. Improvement of liquid gallium alloy]. 248 4

An abnormal circulating ganglioside was found in patients with neuroblastoma. This ganglioside appeared as a single band by resorcinol-HCl staining of thin-layer chromatograms of purified total gangliosides isolated from as little as 1 ml of patient plasma. It is a major ganglioside of neuroblastoma tumour tissue and was present (250-1500 pmol lipid-bound sialic acid/ml) in the plasma of five patients with widespread neuroblastoma. In contrast, the ganglioside was not detected (less than 50 pmol/ml) in plasma samples of six patients in complete remission, nor in plasma samples of seventeen healthy children and adults. Measurement of this circulating tumour-associated ganglioside should be clinically useful in neuroblastoma, offering a new approach to the detection of tumour and the evaluation of therapy.
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PMID:Detection of a tumour-associated ganglioside in plasma of patients with neuroblastoma. 285 15

The AOAC official first action method for methyl mercury in fish and shellfish was modified to provide more rapid determination. Methyl mercury is isolated from homogenized, acetone-washed tissue by addition of HCl and extraction by toluene of the methyl mercuric chloride produced. The extract is analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography (GC) on 5% DEGS-PS treated with mercuric chloride solution. The quantitation limit of the method is 0.25 micrograms Hg/g. Swordfish, shark, tuna, shrimp, clams, oysters, and NBS Research Material-50 (tuna) were analyzed for methyl mercury by the AOAC official first action method. All products also were analyzed by the modified method and the AOAC official method for total Hg. In addition, selected extracts obtained with the modified method were analyzed by GC with Hg-selective, microwave-induced helium plasma detection. There was no significant difference between the results for the various methods. Essentially all the Hg present (determined as total Hg) was in the organic form. Coefficients of variation from analyses by the modified method ranged from 1 to 7% for fish and shellfish containing methyl mercury at levels of 0.50-2.30 micrograms Hg/g. The overall average recovery was 100.5%.
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PMID:Rapid determination of methyl mercury in fish and shellfish: method development. 355 72

A highly sensitive radiochemical neutron activation method for the determination of all rare-earth elements (REE) in NBS biological reference materials is described. The materials are irradiated, dissolved in HF/HCl solutions, mixed with scandium and REE carriers (except La, Pr, Nd, Dy, Er), and the resulting solutions evaporated to dryness. The residues are dissolved in HCl and the REE precipitated as fluorides on addition of HF/NH4F solutions. The REE fluorides were collected, dissolved in a nitric/boric acid solution and the radioactivity of the resulting solutions determined by gamma spectrometry. The concentrations of REE in the NBS SRM Spinach, Orchard Leaves, Pine Needles, and Bovine Liver were found to be in the ng/g to microgram/g range. The relative standard deviations are approximately 8%. The results agreed, within experimental errors, with literature values. The distribution patterns of REE in the NBS materials relative to chondritic meteorites resemble the patterns for geological materials.
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PMID:Rare-earth elements in the NBS standard reference materials spinach, orchard leaves, pine needles and bovine liver. 358 59

A method is reported for determination of chromium in foodstuffs. Organic matter is digested with nitric acid, followed by oxidation to Cr(VI) and extraction with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) after HCl addition. Chromium determinations are performed by flame absorption spectroscopy. Absence of interferences is verified and recovery tests are performed on food samples. Quantitation limit (3.8 ng/mL), accuracy (NBS Standard Reference Material 1,573 Tomato Leaves, 4,500 +/- 500 ng/g, found 3,860 +/- 409 ng/g), and precision (CV for vegetable matrix = 9.05%, CV for animal matrix = 14.95%) of the procedure are evaluated.
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PMID:Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of chromium in foods. 377 62

A nonganglioside factor(s) present in Sigma types II and III mixed bovine brain ganglioside preparations synergises with suboptimal amounts of serum to induce proliferation specifically in nondividing B 103 neuroblastoma cultures. The active substance is nondialysable and soluble in water as well as in chloroform-methanol mixtures of 1:1-4:1 (vol/vol). It is completely insoluble in ether and acetone at room temperature. Biological activity survives heating to 70 degrees C in the presence of 0.1 M HCl for 1 h as well as boiling at neutral pH. Loss of activity occurs on heating to 70 degrees C for 1 h with 1 M HCl or 1 M NaOH. The activity is insensitive to digestion with neuraminidase, trypsin, pronase, and phospholipases A2 and C. The factor cochromatographs with gangliosides on Dowex AG 50W and Sephadex G100 and is partially recovered with GM1 on DEAE-Sepharose, but may be isolated in a ganglioside-free fraction by sequential chromatography on Sephadex LH20 and silicic acid columns. The substance(s) has the properties of a water-soluble proteolipid protein, the amino acid composition being reported. It is not immunologically cross-reactive with antibodies to GM1 ganglioside or the major proteolipid protein of myelin.
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PMID:Characterization and partial purification of a ganglioside-associated mitogen. 661 41

A dry ashing, flameless atomic absorption spectrometric method was evaluated to determine arsenic and selenium in foods. Samples were dry-ashed with Mg(NO3)2-MgO and dissolved in HCl. Selenate was reduced to selenite by boiling in 4N HCl. Selenate was reduced to selenite by boiling in 4N HCl, and arsenate to arsenite by treatment with KI. Hydrides of arsenic and selenium were generated by the addition of NaBH4 and were swept by nitrogen and hydrogen into a thermally heated silicate tube furnace. The detection limit was about 5 ppb for each element based on a 10 g sample. Analytical results obtained for several samples of NBS reference materials agreed with the certified values. The procedure was evaluated by another laboratory and results were satisfactory.
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PMID:Dry ashing, hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometric determination of arsenic and selenium in foods. 709 47


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