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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of 35 primary cerebral neuroblastoma is reported. These rare tumours occur most often in children in the first half of the first decade. Grossly the tumors are often massive, discrete, lobular, firm and cystic. Histologically three variants, largely determined by the extent and distribution of the fibrous connective tissue stroma, are recognized: (1) a classical variant, which most resembles the peripheral neuroblastoma and is characterized by a high frequency of Homer Wright rosettes and a relatively high frequency of ganglionic differentiation; (2) a desmoplastic variant, which is characterized by an intense connective tissue stroma; and (3) a transitional variant, in which both the classical and the desmoplastic features may be present within the same case, either concurrently or consecutively. Both the desmoplastic and the transitional forms are less likely to exhibit differentiation to mature ganglion cells, but the importance of identifying the primitive cell elements as neuroblasts is emphasized. With rare exceptions, this can be established only by specific silver impregnations on frozen material. Occasionally the direction of growth may be largely leptomeningeal. Seven illustrative clinical histories with pathological correlations are described. The over-all clinical behaviour of these tumours is that of malignant neuroepithelial neoplasms, characterized by a high recurrence rate. Recurrence may, however, be a late development, in some cases occurring five or seven years after apparently successful surgical removal. The tumour shows shows a high incidence of metastatic spread, almost 40 per cent of the cases examined at autopsy having disseminated in the cerebrospinal pathways. Exceptionally, extraneural metastases may also develop. However, long post-operative survival occasionally occurs, and the subsequent clinical course is not always predictable in the individual case. The differential diagnosis is briefly discussed. The cellular nature of the tumour and its biological behaviour recall those of the cerebellar medulloblastoma. Post-operative radiation to the entire neuraxis should be considered for these neoplasms.
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PMID:Primary cerebral neuroblastoma. A clinicopathological study of 35 cases. 103 Jun 55

The mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid NG108-15 was previously shown to express delta opioid receptors. Because neuroblastoma cells display different phenotypes and cloned cell lines are heterogenous, we studied the characteristics and distribution of human 125I-beta-endorphin (125I-beta E) binding sites in cultures of NG108-15 cells with the use of micro-autoradiography and light microscopy. 125I-beta E labeled delta sites in NG108-15 in the presence of the non-opioid blocking peptide, beta-endorphin (6-31) (beta E (6-31)). Silver grains resulting from 125I-beta E binding to the opioid sites occurred in diffuse patches over several cells, with preferential location in dense cell patches. Pretreatment of NG108-15 with the delta agonist DADLE, previously shown to decrease beta E binding to delta sites on intact cells, also reduced silver grain density; however, some cells located in dense cell clusters were resistant to substantial agonist induced loss of labeling. These results suggest that delta opioid binding has a heterogenous cellular distribution in NG108.
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PMID:125I-beta-endorphin binding to neuroblastoma X glioma NG108-15 cells: distribution of delta opioid receptors. 133 40

We have previously reported the isolation of a 66 kDa melanoma-associated antigen, identified by autologous antibody, in serum and unfractionated spent tissue culture media by Western blot analysis. The antigen, detected by autologous serum S150, was found to be broadly represented on melanoma, glioma, renal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma and head and neck carcinoma cell lines. S150 did not react with bladder or colon carcinoma, fetal fibroblasts, pooled platelets, lymphocytes and red blood cells, autologous cultured lymphocytes or fetal calf serum. To further characterize the antigen, spent tissue culture media, obtained from autologous melanoma cell line, Y-Mel 84:420, was separated by an isoelectric focusing column. Unabsorbed control serum S150 was noted to have a maximum titer of 1:2040 against autologous melanoma cells as measured by protein A hemadsorption. Following isoelectric focusing the greatest decrease in autologous antibody titer (30-fold) occurred with fractions having a pI between 2 and 3. Further resolution of the antigen was accomplished with high-pressure ion-exchange chromatography. One of these fractions showed a significantly higher concentration of antigen and was distinctly resolved from bulk serum albumin. Subsequent Western blot analysis, with autologous antibody, of the isolated antigen-containing fraction, confirmed the presence of a single 66 kDa band. Exposure of the antigen, purified by high-pressure ion-exchange chromatography, to neuraminidase ablated recognition by autologous antibody and suggests that sialic acid is present on the protein and may be part of the antigenic epitope. Binding of antigen, obtained following DEAE anion exchange chromatography, was noted to lectins derived from Triticum vulgaris, Dolichos biflorus and Lycopersicon esculentum. Preparative purification of the antigen was accomplished by anion exchange followed by lectin affinity chromatography with a Dolichos biflorus column. Antigen obtained following lectin affinity chromatography subjected to SDS-PAGE and silver stain revealed a single band at 66 kDa. We conclude that a melanoma-associated antigen detected by autologous antibody in spent tissue culture media is an unusually acidic glycoprotein (pI 2-3).
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PMID:Purification and partial characterization of a shed 66 kDa melanoma-associated antigen identified by autologous antibody. 193 77

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was localized at the surface membrane of the mouse C-1300 neuroblastoma by incubation of a confluent tissue culture monolayer grown on Lux-Permanox cultureware with 6-chloropurine ribonucleoside (CPR). This substrate is dechlorinated by ADA to form Cl-. At loci of ADA activity, Cl- is precipitated with added silver ion (Ag+), and electron dense metallic silver (Ag degree) is formed upon exposure to light. The incubation was conducted in 0.2 M HEPES buffer (277 mOs) at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, which contained 1 mM CPR, for 5 min (in this buffer, this is four times the Km); the control lacked the substrate. After completion of the incubation, the monolayer was briefly rinsed with 0.2 M HEPES and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M HEPES containing AgNO3 at a final concentration of 2 mM. Dehydration was accomplished in a graded series of ethanol followed by embedment in the L. R. White resin at 60 degrees C overnight. Thin sections (80 to 100 mm), cut parallel to the monolayer, showed ADA activity at the cells' surface membrane with a smaller amount of activity evenly distributed in the subadjacent ectoplasmic zone. The control lacked any silver grain localization. Since in preliminary studies of neuronal tissue the ADA activity was minimal, these findings may contribute to developing a diagnostic cancer screening test.
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PMID:In vitro ultrastructural localization of the catalytic activity of adenosine deaminase in murine C-1300 neuroblastoma. 222 24

A frontal lobe neoplasm in a 25-year-old Caucasian man showed the typical histological pattern of a "polar spongioblastoma." Immunoperoxidase staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was negative while silver stains in paraffin-embedded tissue, and electron microscopy displayed neoplastic cells with neuritic processes. Ultrastructurally there were microtubules, synapses and dense-core neurosecretory granules, all features of a neuroblastic neoplasm. It is suggested that this new growth with its polar spongioblastic appearance is, in fact, a moderately malignant primary cerebral neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Palisades in primary cerebral neuroblastoma simulating so-called polar spongioblastoma. A light and electron microscopical study of an adult case. 243 98

The relationship between interphasic silver-stained proteins of the nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR proteins) and cell replication rate has been studied in 13 established neuroblastoma cell lines. The quantity of Ag-NOR proteins was measured in silver-stained cells by means of an automated image analyzer. The results indicated that the amount of Ag-NOR proteins is strictly proportional to the proliferative activity of the cells. Cell lines with a difference of only 4 h in doubling time were characterized by a statistically significant difference in Ag-NOR protein amount. The Ag-NOR protein quantity can therefore be used as a parameter for evaluating the cell proliferation rate.
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PMID:The silver-stained proteins of interphasic nucleolar organizer regions as a parameter of cell duplication rate. 247 63

The relationship between the quantity of silver-stained interphasic nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and nuclear synthetic activity, caryotype, and growth rate was studied in two established neuroblastoma cell lines (CHP 212 and HTB 10). Statistical analysis of silver-stained NORs revealed four times as many in CHP 212 cells compared with HTB 10 cells. No difference was observed in the ribosomal RNA synthesis between the two cell lines. The caryotype index was 1.2 for CHP 212 and 1.0 for HTB 10 cells. The number of chromosomes carrying NORs and the quantity of ribosomal genes was found to be the same for the two cell lines. Doubling time of CHP 212 cells was 20 hours compared with 54 hours for HTB 10 cells. In CHP 212 cells bindering of cell duplication by serum deprivation induced a progressive lowering (calculated at 48, 72, and 96 hours) of the quantity of silver-stained interphasic NORs. Recovery of duplication by new serum addition induced, after 24 hours, an increase of the quantity of silver-stained interphasic NORs up to control levels. In the light of available data, these results indicate that the quantity of interphasic NORs is strictly correlated only to the growth rate of the cell.
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PMID:Relationship between interphasic nucleolar organizer regions and growth rate in two neuroblastoma cell lines. 270 11

NB2a/dl neuroblastoma cells were exposed to aluminum chloride or aluminum lactate (0.1-1 mM) for 3 and 6 days. Additional cultures were exposed to aluminum salts as the cells were stimulated to elaborate axonal neurites by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. By phase-contrast microscopy, aluminum salts had no effect on the morphology of undifferentiated (NB2a(-] or differentiated (NB2a(+] cells, or on neuritic elaboration and maintenance. Silver straining by the Bielschowsky method, however, demonstrated argyrophilic accumulations in perikarya of many NB2a(-) and NB2a(+) cells treated with aluminum salts. At the ultrastructural level, whorls of intermediate filaments were the most prominent abnormalities in neuronal perikarya. Although phosphorylated high-molecular weight neurofilament subunits (NF-H) are normally detected by immunocytochemical analyses only within axonal neurites of NB2a/dl cells, aluminum salt treatment caused the detection of phosphorylated epitopes of NF-H within perikaryal of NB2a(-) and NB2a(+) cytoskeletons, suggesting that the argyrophilic filamentous accumulations are composed at least partly of phosphorylated NF-H.
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PMID:Aluminum salts induce the accumulation of neurofilaments in perikarya of NB2a/dl neuroblastoma. 275 11

Amplification of the N-myc oncogene in 27 cases of neuroblastoma group tumor was examined by in situ hybridization using the single-step silver enhancement technique. The N-myc gene copy numbers of these neuroblastoma group tumors were previously examined by dot-blot hybridization using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (H Tsuda et al., Lab Invest, 59:321, 1988). Silver grains were deposited just over the nuclei of tumor cells, but no or only faint deposition was observed over those of infiltrating lymphocytes, stromal fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. We judged a case to be positive for gene amplification when silver grains precipitated over the nuclei of the tumor cells to a greater extent than over nuclei of lymphocytes or endothelial cells in the same section. According to this criterion, 14 cases (12 cases of neuroblastoma and 2 cases of ganglioneuroblastoma) were positive for N-myc gene amplification of 27 cases (18 cases of neuroblastoma, 5 cases of ganglioneuroblastoma, and 4 cases of composite ganglioneuroblastoma). These results corresponded well to those of the dot-blot hybridization analysis using the same materials. Thirteen of 15 cases that carried 4 copies or more of N-myc gene were judged positive, and 11 of 12 cases that carried less than 4 copies of the N-myc gene were judged negative by in situ hybridization. In neuroblastoma group tumors with amplification of the N-myc gene, tumor cells were stained almost homogenously, except for two cases of ganglioneuroblastoma, in which less differentiated small round tumor cells were stained more intensely than differentiated ganglion-like cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection of amplified N-myc gene in neuroblastoma by in situ hybridization using the single-step silver enhancement method. 322 54

Twenty confirmed cases of childhood neuroblastoma diagnosed over six years were reviewed and classified according to the subtyping proposed by Shimada et al. The tumours were stained using a silver colloid method for nucleolar organiser regions (NORs), and the mean number of NORs for every 200 cells was calculated. The correlation between the mean number of NORs and histology and survival was studied. There was a significant correlation between the mean numbers of NORs and differentiation, and with the mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI) in the stroma poor group (p = 0.01-0.001). A trend to increased survival with decreased numbers of NORs was observed in the study group as a whole (rank order of correlation = -0.57, p = 0.05-0.02). It is suggested that mean number of NORs is of prognostic value in neuroblastomas.
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PMID:Comparative study of the degree of differentiation of neuroblastoma and mean numbers of nucleolar organiser regions. 338 82


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