Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tunicamycin, a potent inhibitor of protein glycosylation, was used to study the role of protein glycosylation in the regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) number in cultures of N1E-115, a murine neuroblastoma cell line. At a concentration of 0.35 microgram/ml, tunicamycin inhibited macromolecular incorporation of [3H]mannose by 75-80%, whereas incorporation of [3H]leucine was reduced by only 10%. Treatment with tunicamycin caused a 30% decrease in total membrane mAChR number within 48 h as determined by a filter-binding assay using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), a highly specific muscarinic antagonist. Tunicamycin also inhibited the recovery of total membrane mAChR by 70% following carbachol-induced down-regulation. The rate of mAChR degradation (control t1/2 12-14 h) was unaffected by incubation with tunicamycin. Intact cell binding studies using [3H]QNB (a membrane-permeable ligand) to measure total cellular (internal plus cell surface) mAChR and [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS, a membrane-impermeable ligand) to measure cell surface mAChR were conducted to determine whether tunicamycin selectively depleted cell surface mAChR. With 12 h of treatment with tunicamycin, cell surface mAChR number declined by 35%, whereas total cellular mAChR fell by only 10%. The ratio of cell surface receptor to total receptor decreased by 45% after 24 h. These results indicate that protein glycosylation is required for the maintenance of cell surface mAChR number. Incubation with tunicamycin causes a selective depletion of cell surface mAChR, implying that protein glycosylation plays a critical role in transport and/or incorporation of mAChR into the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Regulation of neuronal muscarinic acetylcholine receptor number by protein glycosylation. 394 Feb 94

Mouse neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 has muscarinic acetylcholine receptors that mediate cyclic GMP synthesis. This receptor-mediated response is not significantly higher than background until the cells have been maintained in the stationary phase for at least 1 week. The basis of the influence of time in culture on the cyclic GMP response was investigated. The relative amount of cyclic GMP synthesized by intact cells was measured by radioactively labeling the GTP pool with [3H]guanine, incubating cells with agonists, and then chromatographically isolating [3H]cyclic GMP. Carbamylcholine-, ionophore X-537A-, and sodium azide-induced cyclic GMP formation increased with time in culture to a maximum of 13-, 9-, and 2.5-fold above basal, respectively. There was no change in the number or the apparent affinity of the muscarinic receptors as measured by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate ([3H]QNB) binding. In addition, there was no change in the apparent affinity of the receptors for agonist as measured by the ability of carbamylcholine to displace the specific binding of [3H]QNB. Guanylate cyclase activity per milligram protein and per cell increased six- and sevenfold, respectively, from day 0 to day 22. However, this increase in guanylate cyclase appeared to precede the marked increase in sensitivity of the cells to agonists. These data suggest that, in addition to guanylate cyclase and muscarinic receptors, there is another factor which is responsible for the development of this muscarinic receptor-mediated response.
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PMID:Regulation of muscarinic receptor-mediated cyclic GMP synthesis by cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. 610 3

The specific binding of both the non-classical antagonist [3H] pirenzepine ( [3H]PZ) and the classical antagonist [3H](-)quinuclidinyl benzilate ( [3H](-)QNB) was determined in parallel assays of the mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15). Saturation isotherms yielded a Kd = 4.0 nM and Bmax = 27.8 fmoles/mg protein for [3H]PZ and a Kd = 17.2 pM and Bmax = 53.2 fmoles/mg protein for [3H](-)QNB. The inhibition data of pirenzepine vs [3H](-)QNB was best fit to a 2-site binding model revealing both a high affinity pirenzepine site (72%, KH = 10.3 nM) and a low affinity site (28%, KL = 97.5 nM). [3H]PZ competition studies demonstrated stereospecificity, steep inhibition curves for muscarinic antagonists (Hill coefficients close to 1), and a shallow inhibition curve for a muscarinic agonist. These results indicate that muscarinic receptors on NG 108-15 cells may be subclassified (M1/M2) on the basis of the discriminative capability of [3H]PZ.
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PMID:High-affinity [3H]pirenzepine binding to putative M1 muscarinic sites in the neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15). 654 88

Although the neurotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds is generally attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, recent reports have indicated that direct interactions with muscarinic receptors and signal transduction may be an additional mechanism of neurotoxicity. We have previously shown that the organophosphorus insecticide O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl phosphorothioate (chlorpyrifos) binds directly to muscarinic receptors and inhibits adenylate cyclase of rat striatum. We have further pursued those results in this study by investigating the effect of chlorpyrifos oxon in NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with cDNA for human m2 or m4 muscarinic receptor subtypes. At millimolar concentrations, chlorpyrifos oxon inhibited [3H]QNB binding in all cell lines. Likewise, [3H]CD binding was inhibited in NG108-15 and CHO-Hm2 cells. When the effect of chlorpyrifos oxon on adenylate cyclase was examined, the oxon was found to inhibit adenylate cyclase at millimolar concentrations. Though this effect on cyclase required greater concentrations of oxon than the comparable effect in striatal cells, it displayed the common characteristic of being atropine-insensitive, suggesting that the effect on cyclase was not muscarinic receptor dependent. The inhibition of adenylate cyclase produced by chlorpyrifos oxon was not eliminated in pertussis toxin treated cells, lending further support to the idea that it is not a receptor-mediated event, and suggesting a potential direct interaction of chlorpyrifos oxon with the adenylate cyclase molecule.
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PMID:In vitro effect of chlorpyrifos oxon on muscarinic receptors and adenylate cyclase. 756 87

Spirolides are a group of cyclic imine marine toxins recently described. Although no human intoxication has been related to their presence in shellfish yet, the possible toxicological consequences to human health are actually unknown. The elucidation of the spirolide mechanism/s of action would help to estimate the threat to human consumers. Previous toxicological studies in mice suggested the involvement of acetylcholine receptors. In this work, the effects of the 13-desmethyl C spirolide on the activity and the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) were analyzed using a human neuroblastoma cell model. The 13-desmethyl C spirolide inhibited the acetylcholine-induced calcium signal with a reduction of the maximum response to acetylcholine in the presence of the toxin. The 13-desmethyl C spirolide also reduced binding of the mAChR specific antagonist [(3)H]QNB to neuroblastoma cells. The effect of the 13-desmethyl C spirolide persisted after toxin removal and was inhibited by protection of the primary binding site with high concentrations of atropine suggesting an interaction of the spirolide with the orthologous binding site of mAChR. Moreover, the toxin induced a change in the characteristics of the membrane-associated M3 mAChRs, although it did not alter the total levels of M3 mAChR protein. The 13-desmethyl C spirolide targets mAChRs causing a reduction of function, a decrease of specific antagonist binding to mAChRs, and alteration of membrane-bound receptors that might have important toxicological implications.
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PMID:Human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are a target of the marine toxin 13-desmethyl C spirolide. 2095 7

Signaling by muscarinic agonists is thought to result from the activation of cell surface acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) that transmit extracellular signals to intracellular systems. In N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells, we detected both plasma membrane and intracellular M(1) -mAChRs using both biochemical and pharmacological methods. In intact cells, both plasma membrane and intracellular M(1) -mAChRs were detected by the hydrophobic ligand probe, 1-quinuclidinyl-[phenyl-4-(3) H]-benzilate ([(3) H]-QNB) whereas the hydrophilic probe, 1-[N-methyl-(3) H] scopolamine ([(3) H]-NMS), detected only cell surface receptors. These probes detected comparable numbers of receptors in isolated membrane preparations. Immunohistochemical studies with M(1) -mAChR antibody also detected both cell-surface and intracellular M(1) -mAChRs. Carbachol-stimulated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and Ca(2+) mobilization were completely inhibited by a cell-impermeable M(1) antagonist, muscarinic toxin -7 and the G(q/11) inhibitor YM-254890. However, carbachol-stimulated extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 activation was unaffected by muscarinic toxin-7, but was blocked by the cell-permeable antagonist, pirenzepine. extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation was resistant to blockade of G(q/11) (YM-254890) and protein kinase C (bisindolylmaleimide I). Our data suggest that the geographically distinct M(1) -mAChRs (cell surface versus intracellular) can signal via unique signaling pathways that are differentially sensitive to cell-impermeable versus cell-permeable antagonists. Our data are of potential physiological relevance to signaling that affects both cognitive and neurodegenerative processes.
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PMID:Intracellular distribution of functional M(1) -muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. 2174 Apr 40


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