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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with a four-year history of unexplained hyponatremia was seen with recurrent nasal discharge and was found to have a typical olfactory neuroblastoma. The clinical laboratory diagnostic studies suggested that the patient's sodium deficiency was secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Subsequent resection of the neoplasm led to resolution of the hyponatremia, suggesting that a (tumor-associated) humoral factor, such as vasopressin or a vasopressinlike substance, was responsible for the electrolyte disturbance. A search of the literature disclosed one previous case of vasopressin-secreting nasal neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Hyponatremia secondary to olfactory neuroblastoma. 687 Jun 50

The light and electron microscopic features of a pigmented olfactory neuroblastoma are described. The neuroblastic nature of the tumor was confirmed by the demonstration of axons, some of which originated from the neoplastic cells, and by the presence of dense-core vesicles in the perikarya and processes of the tumor cells. The tumor contained a large amount of pigment, most of which had the histochemical reactions of melanin, but some of which had that of lipofuscin. Electron microscopy failed to demonstrate the presence of melanosomes or premelanosomes: the pigment showed some of the features of neuromelanin, although the fine structural appearances were not typical. The pigment was interpreted in this case as presumably representing a modified catecholamine degradation product, perhaps related to lipofuscin. The presence of melanotic pigment in an example of olfactory neuroblastoma, unreported until now, augments the list of neurogenic neoplasms in which an association with melanin formation has been described. The significance of this association in tumors originating from the nervous system or its coverings needs further investigation, as the nature of pigment appears to be heterogeneous. These tumors may contain either melanosomal pigment or pigment identified as neuromelanin (or a related substance), seemingly regardless of the derivation of the pigment-bearing cells.
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PMID:Pigmented olfactory neuroblastoma: a new example of melanotic neuroepithelial neoplasm. 707 29

The histologic characteristics of 29 nasal tumors previously diagnosed as neuroblastomas, unclassified carcinomas, or unclassified malignant neoplasms were reviewed. Electron microscopy was performed in 17. Nine tumors were neuroblastomas; six of these were classical neuroblastomas while the other three exhibited olfactory differentiation in addition to the classical neuroblastoma component. Areas of ganglioneuroblastoma were found in the metastasis of one of the three olfactory neuroblastomas. Twenty tumors were classified as neuroendocrine carcinoma because all showed a neuroendocrine pattern with remarkably uniform cells growing from benign glandular epithelium; membrane bound granules were present in the cytoplasm of cells of the ten cases in this group examined by electron microscopy. The mean age of the patients with neuroblastomas was 20 years; survival in this group was 75% at five and seven years, respectively, and 67% at ten years. Recurrences, metastasis, and death occurred within 3 years of diagnosis. There was a low percentage (25%) of multiple recurrences. The metastases were located in cervical lymph nodes, brain and spine. The mean age of the patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma was 50 years. Survival was 100% at five years, 88% at seven years, and 77% at ten years. Recurrences and metastasis in 70% of the cases occurred later than the third year. Multiple recurrences were present in 54% of the cases. The metastases affected lymph nodes, brain and spine in all cases except in one in which lungs and femur were involved. In the latter case adenocarcinoma was also present in addition to the neuroendocrine carcinoma. Three patients died, all more than five years from the time of diagnosis. No correlation was found between staging and prognosis in either group, except for Stage I disease.
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PMID:Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the nasal cavity: a proposed new classification. 713 32

The clinical course of olfactory neuroblastoma was not predictable by histologic criteria. Local recurrences were common (62%) and were often treated with multiple surgical procedures and radiation therapy. Metastatic neoplasm occurred in 28% of the patients. The recurrence-free interval decreased in those patients treated with radiation therapy initially, compared with those who had surgery initially. It is justifiable with respect to this study to treat disease in stages A and B with surgery and to reserve radiation therapy for recurrence. Stage C disease should be treated with combined therapy. Craniofacial resection should be promoted.
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PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma: a retrospective clinicopathologic study. 716 30

A nasal neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) extending into the brain in a heifer produced mouth breathing and proptosis. The mass filled much of the left nasal cavity, palatine sinus and maxillary sinus, with turbinate atrophy and deviation of the septum. Caudally the neoplasm extended into the nasopharynx and olfactory bulb. It was a cellular neoplasm composed of small, undifferentiated piriform cells showing infrequent pseudorosettes and immature axonal processes. Mitosis was common is some areas.
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PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma in a heifer. 725 93

The diagnosis and clinical management of olfactory neuroblastoma are discussed. Computerized tomography is a valuable means of assessing the pre-operative extent of disease and the efficacy of subsequent major surgery. The tissue diagnosis is facilitated by electron microscopy, demonstrating the presence of dense core vesicles and cytoplasmic filaments. Radiotherapy followed by craniofacial resection is the treatment of choice for olfactory neuroblastomas that are locally extensive at presentation.
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PMID:The diagnosis and surgical management of olfactory neuroblastoma: the role of craniofacial resection. 726 55

It is reported of an 59-year-old woman with an extracranial olfactory neuroblastoma (aesthesioneuroblastoma). Clinical symptoms were unilateral obstructed nasal respiration, bleeding and dysosmia. Important but difficult is the histological diagnosis. The best therapy is radical surgery; the origin of the tumor, the fila olfactoria and lamina cribrosa, have to be resected widely. A "superradical" intervention of the non-involved regio olfactoria of the opposite side is not necessary. Questions of radiation and prognosis are discussed.
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PMID:[Extracranial olfactory neuroblastoma (author's transl)]. 726 1

A group of 224 tumours of the respiratory tract was used to present experience with the standard histological classification, as proposed by WHO--incl. the revised version of pulmonary tumour classification which is under preparation. Electron microscopic facts from the authors' own material as well as from recent literature served in particular as a stimulus for the critical evaluation of some details of the standard classification. It served also as the basis for recommendations for rational modifications for its use in particular in Czech and Slovak speaking areas: 1. Prefer in respiratory pathways the term papilloma from respiratory epithelium to "transient" papilloma and not differentiate exophytic and inverted forms. 2. Respect the differentiation of bronchial adenomas and carcinoids, but identify atypical carcinoids with small-cell (oat-cell) carcinomas. 3. As to other carcinomas of the respiratory pathways to differentiate only between squamous carcinomas (spindle-cell and verrucal), glandular (in addition to adenoid cystic and mucoepidermoid) and undifferentiated. 4. In the section of pulmonary carcinomas to abandon completely large-cell carcinomas and to describe tumours which cannot be included in other groups as undifferentiated carcinomas. 5. Avoid in the other respect satisfactory classification pattern of pulmonary carcinomas subvariants (in particular in the group of glandular carcinomas) and include exceptional units in the group "others". 6. Arrange the group of malignant lymphomas according to the extrapulmonary classification pattern and include there from the group of tumourous lesions so-called lymphoproliferative processes, eosinophil granuloma and gangrenescent granuloma. 7. Use consistent with the nomenclature in the sphere of the nervous system the term olfactory neuroblastoma and omit its rare sub-variants.
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PMID:[Morphological typing of respiratory tract tumors]. 728 98

A patient with olfactory neuroblastoma who had bone marrow metastasis at the time of diagnosis is presented. Previous therapy for this disease consisted of surgery and radiation. There is limited information relating to the efficacy of chemotherapy. Our patient was treated with combination chemotherapy (dacarbazine [DTIC-Dome], cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan], doxorubicin hydrochloride [Adriamycin], and vincristine sulfate [Oncovin]) and radiation to the primary site. Objective findings, more than two years after diagnosis, support a good partial response. Although a 50%, five-year survival time has been reported, the five-year cure rate is 18%. This report suggests that the role of combination chemotherapy should be further evaluated in certain patients with olfactory neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma. Response to combination chemotherapy. 736 26

Two cases of esthesioneuroblastoma occurring in African Nigerians are reported, with a review of the literature. Though the tumour has highly suggestive clinical features, histologic diagnosis may be difficult. The name 'esthesioneuroblastoma' is considered to be preferable to 'olfactory neuroblastoma' in order to avoid consideration of such a tumour as a secondary from the adrenal gland. Early diagnosis and treatment by surgery gives the best chance of cure.
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PMID:Esthesioneuroblastoma: report of two cases in Nigerians. 743 Aug 14


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