Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of two new monoclonal antibodies with cell lineage-restricted reactivity (HMB-45 [melanocytes] and anti-synaptophysin [neuroepithelial cells]) was compared with that of "traditional" antibody panels in the delineation of malignant melanoma (MM) of the sinonasal region, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and olfactory neuroblastoma (ONBL). HMB-45 recognized all of eight melanomas and stained one of five neuroblastomas, but failed to label any of 12 cases of NPC. All examples of ONBL were stained by anti-synaptophysin; other tumors were nonreactive with this reagent. A panel of antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, and S100 protein was also effective in discriminating between MM, NPC and ONBL. These results suggest that HMB-45 and anti-synaptophysin are comparable in utility to more extended antibody panels in the diagnosis of sinonasal malignancies, but only if used in combination with one another.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical diagnosis of sinonasal melanoma, carcinoma, and neuroblastoma with monoclonal antibodies HMB-45 and anti-synaptophysin. 337 60

A panel of monoclonal antibodies including antibodies against neuroectodermal antigens, (UJ13A, UJ127.11, UJ181.4), leukocytes (2D1), intermediate filament antigens cytokeratin (LE61), Vimentin, Desmin (Labsystems, Helsinki, Finland), myoglobin, and neurofilament (155) antigens were assessed for their use as an adjunct to light microscopy in pediatric pathology, with particular emphasis on the "small round cell" tumors. One hundred thirty-four tumors were studied using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. The differentiation of neuroblastoma from lymphoma proved to have a clear-cut immunologic profile, as did the rhabdomyosarcomas, which showed consistent positivity with neuroectodermal antibody UJ13A and in positive binding with antidesmin. Ewing's sarcoma did not give a clear immunohistologic pattern with these antibodies. This panel was shown to have been a valuable aid to diagnosis in 12% of cases studied. The future use of such a panel for routine diagnostic use is discussed, but it is emphasized that the binding pattern of these tumors is often heterogeneous, and examination in conjunction with conventional histology is essential if the correct conclusions are to be made.
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PMID:The use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies in pediatric oncology. 354 86

A case of extrarenal malignant rhabdoid sarcoma arising in the pelvic soft tissues of a 12-year-old girl is described. By routine light microscopy the tumour resembled, in some areas, an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and, in other areas, a neuroblastoma. Electron microscopy revealed characteristic cytoplasmic aggregates of intermediate filaments, often with central clusters of organelle membranes surrounded by these filaments. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong cytoplasmic reactivity for vimentin. Staining for cytokeratin, myoglobin, desmin, neurofilaments, neurone specific enolase, S-100 protein and leucocyte common antigen was negative. A histogenetic origin from primitive mesenchymal cells is favoured. We strongly support the use of electron microscopy for the definitive diagnosis of small round cell undifferentiated sarcomas of childhood.
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PMID:Malignant rhabdoid tumour of soft tissue. An ultrastructural and immunohistological study of a pelvic tumour. 357 Jan 77

From a human oligodendroglioma cell line cDNA library, ten intermediate filament (IF) cDNA clones were isolated. Five clones corresponded to vimentin mRNA, two corresponded to cytokeratin K7 mRNA, and two corresponded to cytokeratin K8 mRNA. One clone encoded a novel IF mRNA. The expression of these and other IF protein genes was examined in five cell lines derived from human oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma and neuroblastoma tumors. Vimentin mRNA and K18 mRNA were expressed in all the cell lines. The K7 and K8 genes were expressed only in the oligodendroglioma cell lines. Surprisingly, nestin mRNA was expressed in the astrocytoma lines and the neuroblastoma line, but was not expressed in the oligodendroglioma lines. These results indicate that oligodendroglioma cell lines express Types I and II cytokeratin genes. This pattern of IF gene expression was different from that of the astrocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines, which expressed IF genes usually associated with the mature cell types or with differentiating fetal neural precursor cells, i.e. GFAP and neurofilament-L. The results also suggest that the oligodendroglioma cell lines are more epithelial in character and do not reflect the gene expression of mature oligodendrocytes.
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PMID:Unexpected expression of intermediate filament protein genes in human oligodendroglioma cell lines. 752 97

Circulating cancer cells in the blood play a central role in the metastatic process. Their number can be very small and techniques for their detection need to be both sensitive and specific. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been successfully used to detect small numbers of tumour cells in haematological cancer in which abnormalities in DNA are sufficiently consistent to make this possible. For most solid tumours this not yet feasible. However, we have found that reverse transcriptase (RT)-PRC for tissue-specific gene expression is a useful technique for identifying small numbers of circulating cells in melanoma and neuroblastoma patients. In this report we describe detection of colon carcinoma cells by RT-PCR using CK 20 mRNA as a marker. Unlike other cytokeratin genes examined (CK 8 and CK 19), CK 20 was not transcribed in normal haematopoietic cells. This suggests a role for RT-PCR in the detection of colon carcinoma metastasis in blood and bone marrow, using CK 20 as the target gene. Future analysis of clinical material will determine the clinical significance of this technique.
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PMID:Detection of epithelial cancer cells in peripheral blood by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 753 Sep 83

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy (MNTI) are uncommon, usually benign neoplasms, most frequently found in the maxilla. These tumors are extremely rare in the epididymis. Only 18 cases with this site of origin are documented. We report on the third epididymal MNTI with some morphological characteristics of malignancy but favorable clinical outcome. The 2 cm large tumor of a 6-month-old male infant showed large epitheloid cells in the center and small neuroblastoma-like cells at the periphery. Despite invasion of lymphatics there is no evidence of relapse or metastases during 4 years of follow-up. Immunohistochemically, the large tumor cells were distinctly positive for cytokeratin, vimentin, GFAP, the melanoma marker NKI-C3, NSE, and S100. The small tumor cells were only slightly positive for GFAP, NKI-C3, NSE, and S100 but they were negative for cytokeratin and vimentin. Neurofilament and chromogranin could not be proved in the tumor.
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PMID:Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) in the epididymis. A case report with immunohistological studies and special consideration of malignant features. 794 25

Two putative human oligodendroglioma cell lines were examined for the expression of the oligodendrocyte-associated genes, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase, myelin basic protein, myelin proteolipid proteins, and myelin-associated glycoprotein. The expression of these genes also was examined in control astrocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. In addition, the expression of the non-oligodendrocyte-specific genes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase and neurofilaments (NF) NF-L and NF-M also were examined. All the cell lines expressed 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, neuron-specific enolase, and vimentin, and none expressed myelin-associated glycoprotein. The "oligodendrocyte-specific" myelin proteolipid protein mRNAs and the "neuron-specific" NF-L mRNA were expressed in the two astrocytoma cell lines, which also expressed GFAP. Expression of intermediate filament protein genes was more restricted. The astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, and oligodendroglioma cell lines expressed only GFAP, NF-M, and cytokeratin K7, respectively. These results: (a) provide molecular data confirming the classification of the two cell lines as oligodendrogliomal and suggest that their molecular profiles are indicative of immature oligodendrocytes; (b) demonstrate the expression of cytokeratins in oligodendrogliomal cell lines and suggest that apparent GFAP expression in oligodendrogliomas detected by immunocytochemical methods may be due to cross-reactivity with cytokeratins, with which they share common polypeptide sequence; and (c) indicate that astrocytoma cell lines can exhibit a "mixed" phenotype, expressing genes associated with fully differentiated oligodendrocytes and neurons.
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PMID:Expression of oligodendrocyte-associated genes in cell lines derived from human gliomas and neuroblastomas. 841 42

We reviewed the cytologic features and results of ancillary studies in eight fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) performed by posterior approach in 8 patients with unresectable Wilms' tumor (WT). Chemotherapy was given following the FNAB diagnosis of WT, which was confirmed subsequently by histologic examination of surgically resected specimens. Indications for FNAB included: unresectable tumor, bilateral disease, initial presentation with metastatic disease, uncertainty regarding tumor site, and documentation of recurrence. Cytologic examination revealed blastemal cells (8/8 aspirates), spindle cells (3/8 aspirates), and epithelial differentiation or tubules (3/8 aspirates). There was no cytologic evidence of anaplasia in any of the cases. Immunocytochemical studies on cell blocks and/or smears showed cytokeratin positivity in 5/8 and vimentin positivity in 5/5 of the aspirates in which these studies were performed. Focal positivity for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was seen in 3/3 aspirates. Stains for actin and leukocyte-common antigen were negative (0/3 and 0/2 aspirates, respectively). DNA ploidy analysis of the aspiration material by flow cytometry revealed near-diploid populations in three aspirates. Electron microscopic findings helpful for diagnosis included: cell junctions, microvilli, flocculent basement membrane-like material, cilia, autophagolysosomes, and lack of neuroectodermal differentiation. Diagnostic morphologic pitfalls for an incorrect diagnosis of neuroblastoma included nuclear molding (all aspirates), pseudorosette formation (one aspirate), and focal NSE positivity (3/3 aspirates). None of the tumors showed anaplasia on histologic examination. Cytologic recognition of the triphasic cellular components of WT (blastemal cells, spindle cells, and epithelial cells) can be helpful for a correct diagnosis; however, in 5/8 aspirates in this study, only the blastemal component was present. In these cases, immunocytochemical stains and electron microscopy proved useful in arriving at a correct FNAB diagnosis of WT. However, NSE positivity can be a pitfall for a diagnosis of neuroblastoma if the radiologic, clinical, and other cytologic features are not clearly delineated. Presence of cytokeratin and vimentin positivity would be helpful in the diagnosis of WT in such instances.
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PMID:Role of immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and DNA analysis in fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. 896 64

During apoptosis, one of the first membrane changes that can be detected is exposure of phosphatidylserine residues at the outer plasma membrane leaflet, while early apoptosis is also accompanied by changes in the cytoskeletal organization. In this study we investigated the relationship between these two phenomena during olomoucine- and roscovitin-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer and neuroblastoma cell lines. Loss of membrane asymmetry was detected by biotin-labeled or FITC-labeled annexin V binding to negatively charged phosphatidylserine, while cytoskeletal components were visualized by immunocytochemistry. The apoptotic, annexin V-positive, cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, confocal scanning laser microscopy, and Western blotting. We report that cytokeratin and vimentin aggregation in early apoptosis occurs simultaneously with phosphatidylserine exposure and chromatin condensation. In contrast to these intermediate filament proteins, which were disassembled and proteolytically cleaved in early apoptosis, microfilaments and microtubuli were not proteolytically degraded but were found to be present as aggregated filaments in the apoptotic bodies. We also show that loss of membrane asymmetry and cytokeratin aggregation are independent processes, since N-ethylmaleimide-induced phosphatidylserine exposure does not cause cytokeratin disassembly. Vice versa, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced cytokeratin filament aggregation does not result in phosphatidylserine exposure.
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PMID:Plasma membrane alterations and cytoskeletal changes in apoptosis. 929 67

We report four cases of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS), a rare malignant tumor that displays combined features of an immature or malignant teratoma and a carcinosarcoma. The patients, three men and one woman, were all adults ranging in age from 21 to 69 years who presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. The tumors were typically composed of round cells and short spindle cells with neuroectodermal/rosette-like structures. Also seen were foci of fetal-like squamous epithelium, glandular epithelium, immature mesenchyme, immature cartilage, and neuronal differentiation. Immunohistochemistry performed in three cases showed expression of vimentin, CD99 (MIC2), and neuron-specific enolase in most cells, and focal expression of cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, alpha fetoprotein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. The tumors were consistently negative for beta human chorionic gonadotrophin, neurofilament protein, and leukocyte common antigen. The entities considered in the differential diagnosis were poorly differentiated carcinomas, sarcomas, and olfactory neuroblastoma. We suggest that these neoplasms arise from a primitive cell capable of organized divergent differentiation.
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PMID:Teratocarcinosarcoma of the paranasal sinuses: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. 967 Aug 29


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