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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six independent clonal isolates from a morphologically heterogeneous human neuroblastoma cell line stably expressed several products of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) from an introduced DNA construct; the "substrate-adherent" phenotype (fibroblast-like cells) predominated in all 6; these displayed immunoreactivity of vimentin, but little to no reactivity of neuron-specific enolase. A stably transfected isolate which did not show any expression from the identical construct (presumably because of a position effect) exhibited the predominantly neuronal phenotype of the parental cells (neuron-specific enolase positive). These results suggest selective neurotoxicity of the expressed products. Two of the 6 stably expressing cell lines showed a decrease of native mRNA for APP to levels that were 1/4-1/3 that of the parental cells and a decrease of their growth rates to half that of the parental cells; these decreased growth rates were improved by conditioned medium from the parental cell line. Western blot analysis revealed at least four distinct fragments of the COOH-terminus of APP in the isolate which expressed protein and mRNA in greatest abundance, suggesting that overexpression of APP in a human neural cell line leads to aberrant cleavage of APP.
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PMID:Expression of a carboxy-terminal region of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in a heterogeneous culture of neuroblastoma cells: evidence for altered processing and selective neurotoxicity. 133 98

Infectivity of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) to human nervous tissue cells was explored using co-cultivation with X-irradiated, HTLV-I-producing MT2 cells. Examined cells included normal cerebellar cells, brain tumor cells (astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma, hemangioblastoma, and schwannoma), and various cell lines (astrocytoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, medulloblastoma, and neuroblastoma). Successful HTLV-I infection was confirmed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to HTLV-I p19, p24, and pX product. All cell lines and primary cultures from normal cerebellar tissues and brain tumors could be infected with HTLV-I. Double immunostaining showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein-, S-100 protein- or vimentin-positive cells were susceptible to infection. Neurofilament- or neuron-specific enolase-positive cells in medulloblastoma could also be infected. Reverse-transcriptase assay revealed the productive infection in U251-MG (astrocytoma) and KG-IC (oligodendroglioma) lines. Co-cultivated U251-MG cells formed syncytial polykaryons after serial passages, and polymerase chain reaction assay detected HTLV-I genome in U251-MG syncytial polykaryons and p19+ mononuclear cells. HTLV-I viral RNA was also detected in infected U251-MG cells by in situ hybridization. These data show that HTLV-I may have a wide spectrum of infectivity in human nervous tissues.
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PMID:Infectivity of human T-lymphotropic virus type I to human nervous tissue cells in vitro. 138 59

We have developed a series of mouse-mouse neural hybrid cell lines by fusing the aminopterin-sensitive neuroblastoma N18TG2 with motor neuron-enriched embryonic day 12-14 spinal cord cells. Of 30 neuroblastoma-spinal cord (NSC) hybrids displaying a multipolar neuron-like phenotype, 10 express choline acetyltransferase, and 4 induce twitching in cocultured mouse myotubules. NSC-19, NSC-34, and their subclones express additional properties expected of motor neurons, including generation of action potentials, expression of neurofilament triplet proteins, and acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release. In addition, NSC-34 cells induce acetylcholine receptor clusters on cocultured myotubes, and undergo a vimentin-neurofilament switch with maturation in culture, similar to that occurring in neuronal development. NSC cell lines appear to model selected aspects of motor neuron development in an immortalized clonal system.
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PMID:Neuroblastoma x spinal cord (NSC) hybrid cell lines resemble developing motor neurons. 146 57

We have isolated a human neuroblastoma (NB) cell line, HTLA230, from the bone-marrow aspirate of a patient with stage-IV disease. Subcutaneous tumors after inoculation of HTLA230 cells into nude mice were composed of primitive neuroblasts which rarely contained neuro-secretory granules. Cytogenetic studies of the cell line demonstrated 2 distinct populations of cells with common chromosomal markers. Stable sub-clones with a differentiated or undifferentiated cell morphology were isolated, demonstrating phenotypical heterogeneity of the HTLA230 parental cell line. Treatment with retinoic acid (RA) induced extensive neurite outgrowth in the parental cell line and in phenotypically differentiated sub-clones, but rarely in undifferentiated ones. Long-term treatment with RA was not associated with down-modulation of mycN-gene expression, which could be achieved only in cultures treated additionally with aphidicolin, a DNA-synthesis inhibitor, thus eliminating growing NB cells. A RA resistant subclone (CI-5) was isolated from parental HTLA230 cells grown at clonal cell density. Cells originally showed a homogeneously differentiated morphology; however, flat cells (F-cells) appeared with time and were subsequently separately propagated. Transdifferentiation of isolated F-cells into cells with neuron-like (N-cell) morphology was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that F-cells had lost the expression of neuronal markers, including HNK-I and A2B5, and expressed the intermediate filament, vimentin. Furthermore, F-cells showed high incorporation of [methyl-3H] thymidine (3H-TdR) by autoradiography but no mycN protein could be detected, although present in the parental cell line. These results then suggest that the isolated NB cell line and the RA-resistant variant line represent an excellent in vitro model with which the bi-modal differentiation pathway of NB can be analyzed on a molecular biological level.
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PMID:Bi-modal differentiation pattern in a new human neuroblastoma cell line in vitro. 156 93

An established cell line was derived from a neuroblastoma originating in the abdomen of a six year old male. This patient had increased urinary homovanillic acid on two occasions, and the tumor had a unique pattern of local peritoneal and hepatic dissemination but not distant spread. The cells were initially highly refractile round cells forming firmly adherent cell clumps which later formed irregularly shaped bodies with mono- or bipolar short processes attached to the plastic surface of the culture flask. Chromosomal tetraploidy and marker chromosomes distinguished these cells from Ewings sarcoma, neuroepithelioma and the common disseminating neuroblastoma. Immunohistochemical staining positive for neurofilament, chromogranin, desmin and vimentin suggested it to be relatively undifferentiated. When heterotransplanted to nude mice, these cells expressed only desmin and vimentin reactivity. This neuroblastoma cell line was established and designated as VA-N-BR. It appears to be different from the more common partially differentiated neuroblastoma of childhood.
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PMID:Establishment of a new cell line, VA-N-BR, from a primitive neuroblastoma tumor of the abdomen. 158 May 64

Using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to myoglobin, desmin, CLA, NSE, GFAP, keratin, fibronectin, alpha 1AT, lysozyme, S-100 protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, actin, the authors studied 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) histopathologically diagnosed previously. Thirty-six cases showed both myoglobin and desmin positive stain, an objective evidence of the origin from skeletal muscles. The other 24 cases were identified as of non-skeletal muscle origin, including MFH, lymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, malignant neurilemmoma, leiomyosarcoma etc. This study strongly suggests that histologic examination of RMS may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Histologically MFH and other types of spindle cell sarcomas invading normal skeletal muscles may be confused with pleomorphic RMS, lymphoma and neuroblastoma may be confused with embryonic RMS. Our findings indicate that myoglobin is a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for RMS.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma]. 166 97

A panel of 12 antibodies was used to further characterize the immunohistochemical staining profile of olfactory neuroblastoma. The following results were obtained for the 11 neoplasms that were immunostained: neuron-specific enolase 11/11(+), S-100 protein 8/11(+), microtubule-associated protein-2 8/11(+), class III beta-tubulin isotype 9/11(+), neurofilament 200 kD 8/11(+), synaptophysin 7/11(+), glial fibrillary acidic protein 1/11(+), chromogranin A 1/11(+), vimentin 1/11(+), keratin (CAM 5.2) 4/11(+), keratin (AEI/AE3) 0/11(+), and epithelial membrane antigen 0/11(+). Expression of two intermediate filaments was found in 4 of the 11 tumors. The authors' data showing that 72% of olfactory neuroblastomas were S-100 protein positive and only one was immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein agree with other published immunohistochemical studies. With only a single exception, each of the 11 neoplasms was labeled with one or more antibodies that detect neuronal cytoskeletal proteins (class III beta-tubulin isotype, microtubule-associated protein-2, neurofilament 200 kD). These immunohistochemical results are complementary to the reported electron microscopic findings of intermediate filaments and microtubules in olfactory neuroblastomas.
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PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma. Additional immunohistochemical characterization. 204 4

We studied two cases of pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (PNTI) by routine light microscopy and immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using antibodies to HMB-45 "melanoma associated" antigen, S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), Leu-7 antigen, chromogranin, epithelial membrane antigen, collagen Type IV, alpha-fetoprotein and muscle-specific actin and to the intermediate filaments cytokeratin (CK), vimentin, desmin and neural filaments. We found that the large epithelioid cells, many of which contained melanin pigment, were strongly positive for CK and HMB-45, and less intensively positive for vimentin and NSE. The small neuroblast-like cells revealed only focal, weak NSE positivity. Both cell types were negative for S-100 protein and for the other antigens examined. Our results suggest that: (1) the large and small cell populations in PNTI have different immunophenotypes; (2) the expression of CK and HMB-45, together with the S-100 negativity, appears unique for the pigmented cells; and (3) this profile may be helpful in the exclusion of melanoma and peripheral neuroblastoma from the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. 170 90

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle biopsy proved to be a reliable and safe method to obtain material for histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis prior to treatment in childhood malignancies. A principal tumour identification could be obtained by a combined morphological and phenotypic examination of 38 small-sized tumour biopsy specimens using a fairly limited panel of immunological reagents, including antibodies to leucocyte common antigen (CD 45), certain B- and T-cell markers, various intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, desmin and vimentin), and neuroblastoma cells (UJ 167.11, A2B5, and UJ 13A; the latter recognizes NCAM). Five undifferentiated neuroblastomas were all positive with the neuroblastoma antibodies but negative for the other markers, including vimentin. The negative reactivity for desmin and vimentin was the major immunohistochemical distinction between neuroblastomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. In addition, limited reactivity with the neuroblastoma antibodies was seen in blastematous parts of Wilms' tumour, duct-like structures in a hepatoblastoma, and in tumour cells in a few undifferentiated myelo- and lympho-proliferative lesions. This study shows the importance of a combined evaluation of morphology and the pattern of immunoreactivity employing multiple markers.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry on needle biopsies of childhood malignancies. 172 20

In this report the morphological and immunohistochemical features with respect to intermediate filament proteins and the neuroendocrine nature of bilateral neuroblastomas possibly originating from the adrenal medulla in a goat kid are presented. Histologically, the tumours were composed of small, round, blue cells organized in highly cellular nests and sheets separated by fibrovascular septa. Isolated cells mimicking the morphological features of neurones were observed in both tumours. Ultrastructurally, dense-core neurosecretory granules, about 100 nm in diameter, and irregularly organized neurotubular networks were seen. The small tumour cells were only labelled by vimentin, while the neurone-like cells were labelled by both neurone-specific enolase and synaptophysin. The lack of staining of the tumour cells by the neurofilament proteins antiserum, which was also observed in a human neuroblastoma (used as positive control) has been previously reported and is probably the result of the tissue processing and/or the poor differentiation stage of the tumours. The vimentin labelling of tumour cells could be explained by the poor differentiation stage of the tumours, since vimentin is the only intermediate filament protein in presumptive neuroblasts, being replaced by neurofilament proteins in later stages of neurogenesis.
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PMID:Caprine peripheral neuroblastomas: structural and ultrastructural features, intermediate filaments profile and neuro-endocrine characterization. 177 39


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