Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although numerous viable applications of high frequency (HF) audiometry have been demonstrated in the past 20 yrs, a set of specifications analogous to those for diagnostic pure-tone audiometers (ANSI, 1969) is lacking. Thus, meaningful interpretation of HF thresholds must consider the system employed to assess auditory sensitivity. A cost-effective HF audiometer has recently been described based on the Grason-Stadler E-800 Bekesy audiometer in the fixed-frequency mode. Preliminary results indicate highly acceptable reliability and validity of thresholds. In the present study, 20 men and 65 women, all normally hearing young adults (170 ears) presenting with negative otoaudiologic histories produced HF ac thresholds from 8-20 kc/s. Excursion widths of pen tracings compared favorably with those of earlier reports in HF audiometer studies. The composite function (both sexes, both ears) was flat through 12 kc/s, with progressively greater SPLs required for higher frequencies. Neither gender nor ear-related differences were seen. Calibration was performed using the NBS 9 A 6-cc coupler and the manufacturer's flat-plate coupler for the Koss HV/X stereophone used. Conversion factors were presented so that either coupler could be used. A threshold function was recommended for use consisting of the composite median function for 170 ears. It was concluded that the Simplified HF E-800, or an analogous unit, could be used as a viable clinical tool, surpassing the cost effectiveness of a number of different HF audiometric systems.
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PMID:The simplified HF E-800 audiometer: calibration and normative aspects. 384 35

A history of dental research at the National Bureau of Standards since its inception in 1919 is presented. The initial thrust on dental amalgam by the US Army Dental Corps, the assignment of Dr. William Souder to the project, and subsequent developments are traced. Difficulties in obtaining support for the early stages of the program following World War I are described. The involvement of the American Dental Association in 1928, issuance of the first ADA specification on dental amalgam, and the ultimate ramifications on dental (and medical) standards programs throughout the world are described. Benefits to patients, dentists, and taxpayers from support of the dental research program have been calculated as exceeding the combined budgets of the currently supporting institutions--NBS, ADA, and National Institute of Dental Research.
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PMID:Dental research at the National Bureau of Standards: how it changed the practice of dental health service. 389 38

A transformation was derived to convert sound-pressure levels referenced to an NBS-9A coupler to corresponding eardrum sound-pressure levels. It was found that the same transformation may be used for male and female adults and for both TDH-39 and TDH-49 earphones in MX-41/AR supra-aural cushions. It was determined that from 250-2000 Hz the transformation provides an eardrum sound-pressure level estimate that is within 6 dB of the actual eardrum level for 95% of individuals. However, in the 4000-6300-Hz range, the accuracy deteriorates to +/- 12 dB of actual eardrum level for 95% of individuals.
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PMID:NBS-9A coupler-to-eardrum transformation: TDH-39 and TDH-49 earphones. 394 38

The host-parasite relationship of Fasciola hepatica in cattle was characterized by determining the effects of the parasite on the bovine complement system. Phosphosaline extracts of F. hepatica adults inhibited both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation in normal bovine and human sera in a protein dose-dependent manner. The in vitro reaction of viable newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) with bovine serum (NBS) and with bovine serum containing antibodies specific to F. hepatica (IBS) resulted in no detectable changes in serum hemolytic complement activity for either pathway. This lack of complement consumption occurred even though these same flukes incubated in IBS for at least 24 h developed a precipitate that adhered to the parasite tegument, a feature that may reflect antibody--antigen reactions.
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PMID:Interaction of bovine complement with Fasciola hepatica. 396 63

A simple, automated wet digestion procedure was developed for the quantitative determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, selenium, and zinc in animal tissue. A commercial digestion block system with automated temperature programming was used. Recoveries of all elements from spiked bovine liver and kidney samples exceed 95%. The analytical results obtained for samples of NBS Bovine Liver (No. 1577a) agree well with certified values. The procedure is safe and requires minimum analyst time.
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PMID:Simple automated wet digestion of animal tissues for determination of seven elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy. 398 99

The conditions (e.g. pH, resin, particle size, foreign ions) affecting the uptake of Cd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by the SM-7 (also called XAD-7) resin, were studied. Based on these studies, a two-column method was developed to overcome the effect of complexation by humic substances. The method was successfully tested with the NBS multielement water standard, SRM 1643a, and was subsequently applied to enrich Cd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in 15 drinking water samples from Hamilton, Ontario. The metals were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results for the drinking water samples showed that leaching of copper and lead occurred from the distribution system.
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PMID:Preconcentration of cadmium, chromium, copper and lead in drinking water on the polyacrylic ester resin, XAD-7. 400 60

Mercury in water samples, at levels below parts per billion, was collected by dithizone flotation. The statistical detection limit of Hg in seawater was 4 times better than that with a hydrous iron oxide--APDC flotation system in neutron activation determination. The same floated dithizone precipitate can be used repeatedly for collection from several volumes of the water sample. The Hg content in seawater was 0.017 micrograms/L. Average recovery from waters containing 0.025 micrograms/L, 0.05 micrograms/L and 0.1 micrograms/L was 98%. The method was applied successfully to the determination of Hg in NBS 1641b. Methyl mercury is also collected by the procedure described.
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PMID:Neutron activation determination of mercury in waters after preconcentration by flotation of dithizone-mercury complexes. 400 61

A method is described for the determination of cobalt in foods. After wet digestion, iron in the sample is removed by liquid-liquid extraction, and cobalt is isolated and extracted. Final determination is done by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Analysis of NBS reference materials by this procedure gives results in close agreement with certified values. The limit of quantitation is 4.3 ng/mL. Recovery studies and analysis of standard materials show that this method is reliable.
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PMID:Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of cobalt in foods. 401 77

The concentration of 12 different elements in cigarette tobacco of different brands, commercially made in Bangladesh, was determined using the proton particle-induced x-ray emission (proton PIXE) method. In all the present experiments, proton beams of 2.0 MeV (on the target in air) and about 30 nA current were used for characteristic x-ray excitation. The concentration of the elements (K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb and Sr) was determined by comparison with a calibration obtained from the NBS orchard leaf standard, SRM 1571. The results have been compared with available data on some foreign brands of tobacco and the probable reasons for the difference in the contents of some of the elements found in the Bangladeshi brands are discussed.
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PMID:Multielement proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of Bangladeshi tobacco. 648 Jan 44

At pH 4.1, bovine thrombin reacts rapidly with N-bromo-succinimide to yield modified enzyme containing oxidized tryptophan residue. Both fibrinogen clotting activity and esterase activity are reduced considerably when three moles of tryptophan residues per mole of thrombin are oxidized, but the Michaelis constants for synthetic substrates are not appreciably altered. Reaction of NBS also results in a decrease in the affinity of thrombin for heparin. The dissociation constant for heparin-thrombin complex is increased by 2.6-fold due to the modification of one tryptophan residue. However, the magnitude of the increase in the dissociation constant remains the same for modified enzymes containing approximately two or three oxidized tryptophan residues. The rate constant for the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III is increased by 2.5-fold due to the modification of a single tryptophan residue. This increase in rate constant is not further amplified when more than one tryptophan residue is oxidized. In contrast, in the presence of heparin the rate of inactivation of modified and unmodified thrombins by antithrombin III are not significantly different. Thus, the heparin-sensitized inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III is affected by the modification of one tryptophan residue. Spectrophotometric titrations of the phenolic hydroxyl groups suggest that the structural environments of tyrosyl groups for both unmodified and modified thrombin containing one oxidized tryptophan residue, are similar. The temperature for half loss of catalytic activity of control and NBS-modified thrombin, containing one oxidized tryptophan, are 52 and 51.5 degrees C respectively. It appears that the one tryptophan residue of thrombin is situated at or close to the binding site of heparin.
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PMID:Catalytic and regulatory functions of N-bromosuccinimide-modified bovine thrombin. 652 42


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