Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuroblastoma (NB), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are solid malignant tumors in childhood. Microscopically these tumors are grouped as small-round-cell tumors, and a different diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Cell surface membrane antigen, cytoskeletal protein and N-myc amplification and over-expression were analyzed in these cell lines and tumor tissues for the accurate diagnosis. NB and PNET could be distinguished from Ewing's sarcoma and RMS by the panel of monoclonal antibodies against cell surface membrane antigens. The cytoskeletal protein analysis is useful for the diagnosis of RMS and leiomyosarcoma. Alpha-smooth muscle actin and/or desmin were demonstrated in the S-type (epithelial-like) cells in 3 NB cell lines, suggesting the differentiation pathway of NB into smooth muscle cells. N-myc amplification and over-expression were observed in NB cell lines as well as one RMS cell line. The occurrence of N-myc amplification and over-expression in the RMS cell line cautions us against using N-myc as a distinguishable marker for NB.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of surface membrane antigens, cytoskeletal proteins and N-myc oncogene in pediatric solid malignant tumors, their diagnostic usefulness and relevant problems]. 132 30

Six infants with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and a translocation (1;22)(p13;q13) were studied. There were five female infants and one male infant, and the age at initial examination varied from 0.8 to 6.5 months (median, 2.3 months). All the patients had hepatosplenomegaly and anemia (6 to 8.3 g/dL), and four patients had thrombocytopenia (9,000 to 63,000/mm3). The bone marrow showed prominent fibrosis in five cases and reticulin fibrosis in one patient at presentation. Crush artifact often made the histologic sections difficult to interpret, but typical megakaryoblasts could be identified in the smears. Biopsy specimens of the liver and lymph node were suggestive of a nonhematopoietic malignant condition because of the cohesiveness of the tumor cells, stromal fibrosis, and the prominent sinusoidal and vascular pattern of infiltration. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was helpful in identifying the blasts as belonging to the megakaryoblastic lineage. Using a panel of mononclonal antibodies, it was also possible to confirm the nature of the infiltration in paraffin sections and to differentiate it from other childhood small round cell tumors, especially neuroblastoma in paraffin sections (typical staining pattern: CD45-, CD43+, vW Factor, Ulex europeus I+, CD20-, CD45RO-, synaptophysin-, chromogranin-, cytokeratin-, desmin-). This special type of infantile acute leukemia can be recognized with confidence if one is aware of its clinical features, peculiar pathologic characteristics, the morphologic features and immunophenotype of the megakaryoblasts, and the unique cytogenetic abnormality.
 ...
PMID:Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in infants with t(1;22)(p13;q13) abnormality. 151 33

An established cell line was derived from a neuroblastoma originating in the abdomen of a six year old male. This patient had increased urinary homovanillic acid on two occasions, and the tumor had a unique pattern of local peritoneal and hepatic dissemination but not distant spread. The cells were initially highly refractile round cells forming firmly adherent cell clumps which later formed irregularly shaped bodies with mono- or bipolar short processes attached to the plastic surface of the culture flask. Chromosomal tetraploidy and marker chromosomes distinguished these cells from Ewings sarcoma, neuroepithelioma and the common disseminating neuroblastoma. Immunohistochemical staining positive for neurofilament, chromogranin, desmin and vimentin suggested it to be relatively undifferentiated. When heterotransplanted to nude mice, these cells expressed only desmin and vimentin reactivity. This neuroblastoma cell line was established and designated as VA-N-BR. It appears to be different from the more common partially differentiated neuroblastoma of childhood.
 ...
PMID:Establishment of a new cell line, VA-N-BR, from a primitive neuroblastoma tumor of the abdomen. 158 May 64

Using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to myoglobin, desmin, CLA, NSE, GFAP, keratin, fibronectin, alpha 1AT, lysozyme, S-100 protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, actin, the authors studied 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) histopathologically diagnosed previously. Thirty-six cases showed both myoglobin and desmin positive stain, an objective evidence of the origin from skeletal muscles. The other 24 cases were identified as of non-skeletal muscle origin, including MFH, lymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, malignant neurilemmoma, leiomyosarcoma etc. This study strongly suggests that histologic examination of RMS may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Histologically MFH and other types of spindle cell sarcomas invading normal skeletal muscles may be confused with pleomorphic RMS, lymphoma and neuroblastoma may be confused with embryonic RMS. Our findings indicate that myoglobin is a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for RMS.
 ...
PMID:[Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma]. 166 97

We studied two cases of pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (PNTI) by routine light microscopy and immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using antibodies to HMB-45 "melanoma associated" antigen, S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), Leu-7 antigen, chromogranin, epithelial membrane antigen, collagen Type IV, alpha-fetoprotein and muscle-specific actin and to the intermediate filaments cytokeratin (CK), vimentin, desmin and neural filaments. We found that the large epithelioid cells, many of which contained melanin pigment, were strongly positive for CK and HMB-45, and less intensively positive for vimentin and NSE. The small neuroblast-like cells revealed only focal, weak NSE positivity. Both cell types were negative for S-100 protein and for the other antigens examined. Our results suggest that: (1) the large and small cell populations in PNTI have different immunophenotypes; (2) the expression of CK and HMB-45, together with the S-100 negativity, appears unique for the pigmented cells; and (3) this profile may be helpful in the exclusion of melanoma and peripheral neuroblastoma from the differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. 170 90

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle biopsy proved to be a reliable and safe method to obtain material for histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis prior to treatment in childhood malignancies. A principal tumour identification could be obtained by a combined morphological and phenotypic examination of 38 small-sized tumour biopsy specimens using a fairly limited panel of immunological reagents, including antibodies to leucocyte common antigen (CD 45), certain B- and T-cell markers, various intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, desmin and vimentin), and neuroblastoma cells (UJ 167.11, A2B5, and UJ 13A; the latter recognizes NCAM). Five undifferentiated neuroblastomas were all positive with the neuroblastoma antibodies but negative for the other markers, including vimentin. The negative reactivity for desmin and vimentin was the major immunohistochemical distinction between neuroblastomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. In addition, limited reactivity with the neuroblastoma antibodies was seen in blastematous parts of Wilms' tumour, duct-like structures in a hepatoblastoma, and in tumour cells in a few undifferentiated myelo- and lympho-proliferative lesions. This study shows the importance of a combined evaluation of morphology and the pattern of immunoreactivity employing multiple markers.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemistry on needle biopsies of childhood malignancies. 172 20

The neural crest gives rise to a variety of tissues, including peripheral neurons, Schwann cells, melanocytes and ectomesenchymal cells, which include the smooth muscle cells of large arteries. Cell lines derived from neuroblastoma (a neural crest tumor) have at least two distinct morphological cell types, a neuroblastic phenotype (N-type) and an epithelial-like phenotype (S-type) with characteristics of substrate-adhesiveness. We have analyzed 17 human neuroblastoma cell lines using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against cytoskeletal proteins. Three neuroblastoma cell lines (KP-N-SI, KP-N-YN and SMS-KCN) bound an alpha -smooth muscle actin antibody. In addition, one of these cell lines (KP-N-SI) bound anti-desmin monoclonal antibodies as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. A total of eight cloned cell lines were obtained from the above parent cell lines. These were composed of either N- or S-type cells and were confirmed to be the common neuroblastoma origin from each parent cell line by chromosomal analysis. Alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin were demonstrated in the S-type cloned cells by indirect immunofluorescence, as well as by two-dimensional Western blot analysis. These results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis using a specific probe (pSH alpha SMA-3'UT) to human alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA. This is the first report of the presence of alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin in neuroblastoma cell lines. These data show that in addition to giving rise to cells with neural, Schwann cell and melanocyte markers, neuroblastoma can also give rise to the cells expressing smooth muscle cell markers.
 ...
PMID:[Human neuroblastoma cell lines having smooth muscle cell markers]. 178 84

The neural crest gives rise to a variety of tissues, including peripheral neurons, Schwann cells, melanocytes and ectomesenchymal cells, which include the smooth-muscle cells of large arteries. Cell lines derived from neuroblastoma (a neural-crest tumor) exhibit at least 2 distinct morphological cell types, a neuroblastic phenotype (N-type) and an epithelial-like phenotype (S-type) with characteristics of substrate-adhesiveness. We have analyzed 17 human neuroblastoma cell lines using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against cytoskeletal proteins. Three neuroblastoma cell lines (KP-N-SI, KP-N-YN and SMS-KCN) bound an alpha-smooth-muscle actin antibody. In addition, one of these lines (KP-N-SI) bound anti-desmin MAbs as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. A total of 8 cloned cell lines were obtained from the above parent cell lines. These were composed of either N- or S-type cells and were confirmed to have the same neuroblastoma origin as each parent cell line by chromosomal analysis. Alpha-smooth-muscle actin and desmin were demonstrated in the S-type cloned cells by indirect immunofluorescence, as well as by 2-dimensional Western blot analysis. These results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis using a specific probe (pSH alpha SMA-3' UT) to human alpha-smooth-muscle actin mRNA. These ascertain the presence of alpha-smooth-muscle actin and desmin in neuroblastoma cell lines. These data show that, in addition to giving rise to cells with neural, Schwann-cell and melanocyte markers, neuroblastoma can also give rise to the cells expressing smooth-muscle cell markers.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-smooth-muscle actin and desmin expressions in human neuroblastoma cell lines. 201 70

Rhabdomyoblasts demonstrating immunoreactivity for muscle-specific actin, desmin, and myoglobin were identified in smears obtained by aspiration from a large retroperitoneal mass in a 14-mo-old girl. Following a tentative diagnosis of a rhabdomyogenous neoplasm, retroperitoneal exploration and adrenalectomy demonstrated a stromal poor neuroblastoma with extensive rhabdomyogenous differentiation. The presence of a subpopulation of rhabdomyoblasts was not diagnostic of rhabdomyosarcoma when obtained by fine-needle aspiration from a retroperitoneal tumor composed predominantly of primitive small round cells.
 ...
PMID:Rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation in a neuroblastoma: a potential pitfall in the cytologic diagnosis of small round-cell tumors of childhood. 206 76

Nasal olfactory neuroblastoma and other malignant neoplasms showing spherical cell are easily confused in clinical and pathological diagnosis. We have made immunohistochemical staining in 7 olfactory neuroblastoma cases. Results showed that they were all positively stained by NSE, and negatively by keratin, leucocyte common antigen, desmin and S-100 protein (except 1 positive by desmin). We believe that the olfactory neuroblastoma cells are uniform morphologically. The cells are round, elliptic, having scant cytoplasm; with coarse or fine chromatin. Neurofibers can be found among tumor cells. Their histological structures vary greatly. They may form nest or garland, and they may also form striation, cleft or discrete structure; but rosette or pseudo-rosette structure is uncommon.
 ...
PMID:[Clinicopathological features and immunohistological diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma]. 225 15


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>