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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Incubation of C6 glioma cultures with insulin resulted in a time and dose-dependent stimulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake. The maximal stimulation (160% of the control) was observed with 1 nM insulin and 0.05 nM caused half-maximum effect. 2. Incubation of NG 108-15 (neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid) and N2 neuroblastoma cells with 160 nM insulin did not result in a significant stimulation of this glucose uptake. 3. The basal level and stimulatory effect by insulin on this glucose uptake observed in C6 glioma cells were dependent on the presence of calcium in the medium. 4. Such an increase in glucose uptake in C6 glioma cells was also observed in the presence of diacylglycerol (DG) generating agents, such as carbachol (1 mM) and phospholipase C (0.05 unit/ml) or of DG analogs, such as sn-1,2-dioctanoyl glycerol (250 microM) and phorbol myristate acetate (1 microM). 5. Our results indicated that both calcium ion and DG levels play important roles in the regulation of glucose uptake in the glial cells, but not in neuronal cells from the brain.
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PMID:Effects of insulin on glucose uptake in cultured cells from the central nervous system of rodent. 177 90

IMR-32 and SK-N-MC cells were found to contain [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate specific binding sites inhibited by pirenzepine in a manner suggesting the presence of both M1-type and M2-type muscarinic receptor recognition sites. Neither cell had detectable [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites. Carbachol stimulated the rate of inositol phospholipid breakdown in IMR-32 and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells with an EC50 value of about 50 microM in both cases. Pirenzepine inhibited the carbachol (100 microM)-stimulated inositol phospholipid breakdown in both cells with Hill slopes of unity and IC50 values of 15 nM (IMR-32) and 12 nM (SK-N-MC). The 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT competitively inhibited carbachol-stimulated inositol phospholipid breakdown with pA2 values of 5.78 (IMR-32) and 5.61 (SK-N-MC). These values are consistent with the inhibitory potency of 8-OH-DPAT towards [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in these cells. The 5-HT agonists 5-MeODMT and buspirone at micromolar concentrations inhibited carbachol-stimulated breakdown in IMR-32 cells. The inhibition by 8-OH-DPAT and 5-MeODMT was not affected by preincubation with (-)alprenolol. 5-HT (10-100 microM) was without effect on either basal or carbachol-stimulated breakdown. It is concluded that IMR-32 and SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells express muscarinic M1-type but not serotoninergic receptors coupled to phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. 8-OH-DPAT acts as a weak antagonist at these muscarinic receptors.
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PMID:Antagonism by 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)tetraline and other serotonin agonists of muscarinic M1-type receptors coupled to inositol phospholipid breakdown in human IMR-32 and SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. 182 86

The ability of muscarinic receptors, present in either the cell surface or sequestered compartments of intact human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis has been examined. When cells were first exposed to carbachol for 1 h at 37 degrees C, approximately 50% of the cell surface receptors became sequestered, and this was accompanied by a comparable reduction in the subsequent ability of muscarinic agonists to stimulate phosphoinositide turnover, as monitored by the release of labeled inositol phosphates at 10 degrees C. At this temperature, muscarinic receptor cycling between the two cell compartments is prevented. Upon warming the carbachol-pretreated cells to 37 degrees C, receptor cycling is reinitiated and stimulated phosphoinositide turnover is fully restored within 5-8 min. When measured at 10 degrees C, the reduction of stimulated phosphoinositide turnover observed following carbachol pretreatment was similar in magnitude for both hydrophilic (carbachol, oxotremorine-M) and lipophilic (arecoline, oxotremorine-2, and L-670,548) agonists. The loss of response for both groups of agonists could be prevented if the incubation temperature was maintained at 37 degrees C, rather than at 10 degrees C. At the latter temperature carbachol pretreatment of SK-N-SH cells reduced the maximum release of inositol phosphates elicited by either carbachol or L-670,548 but not the agonist concentrations required for half-maximal stimulation. Radioligand binding studies, carried out at 10 degrees C, indicate that following receptor sequestration, significantly higher concentrations of carbachol were required to occupy the available muscarinic receptor sites. In contrast the lipophilic full agonist L-670,548 recognized receptors present in control and carbachol-pretreated cells with comparable affinities. Analysis of the inositol lipids present after carbachol pretreatment indicate that only a minimal depletion of the substrates necessary for phospholipase C activation had occurred. The results indicate that the agonist-induced sequestration of muscarinic receptors from the cell surface results in a loss of stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis when measured under conditions in which the return of the sequestered receptors to the cell surface is prevented. Thus, only those receptors present at the cell surface are linked to phospholipase C activation.
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PMID:Preferential coupling of cell surface muscarinic receptors to phosphoinositide hydrolysis in human neuroblastoma cells. 184 33

Long-term ethanol exposure is known to inhibit bradykinin-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cultures of neuroblastoma x glioma 108-15 cells. In the present study, [3H]bradykinin binding, GTP-binding protein function, and phospholipase C activity were assayed in cells grown for 4 days in 100 mM ethanol with the aim of elucidating the molecular target of ethanol on signal transduction coupled to inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol formation. Ethanol exposure reduced guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) [GTP(S)]- and, to a lesser extent, NaF/AlCl3-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, whereas it had no effect on the enzymatic activity of a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-specific phospholipase C. [3H]Bradykinin binding in the absence of GTP(S) was not influenced by ethanol exposure. However, the reduction in [3H]bradykinin binding seen in control cells after addition of GTP analogue was inhibited in cells grown in ethanol-containing medium. The results indicate that long-term ethanol exposure exerts its effects on receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis primarily at the level of the GTP-binding protein.
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PMID:G proteins coupled to phospholipase C: molecular targets of long-term ethanol exposure. 185 Dec 10

Previous studies have indicated that scrapie infection results in the accumulation of a proteinase K-resistant form of an endogenous brain protein generally referred to as prion protein (PrP). The molecular nature of the scrapie-associated modification of PrP accounting for proteinase K resistance is not known. As an approach to understanding the cellular events associated with the PrP modification in brain tissue, we sought to identify proteinase K-resistant PrP (PrP-res) in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells in vitro and to compare properties of PrP-res with those of its normal proteinase K-sensitive homolog, PrP-sen. PrP-res was detected by immunoblot in scrapie-infected but not uninfected neuroblastoma clones. Densitometry of immunoblots indicated that there was two- to threefold more PrP-res than PrP-sen in one infected clone. Metabolic labeling and membrane immunofluorescence experiments indicated that PrP-sen was located on the cell surface and could be removed from intact cells by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and proteases. In contrast, PrP-res was not removed after reaction with these enzymes. Thus, either the scrapie-associated PrP-res was not on the cell surface or it was there in a form that is resistant to these hydrolytic enzymes. Attempts to detect intracellular PrP-res by immunofluorescent staining of fixed and permeabilized cells revealed that PrP was present in discrete perinuclear Golgi-like structures. However, the staining pattern was similar in both scrapie-infected and uninfected clones, and thus the intracellular staining may have represented only PrP-sen. Analysis of scrapie infectivity in cells treated with extracellular phospholipase, proteinase K, and trypsin indicated that, like PrP-res, the scrapie agent was not removed from the infected cells by any of these enzymes.
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PMID:Normal and scrapie-associated forms of prion protein differ in their sensitivities to phospholipase and proteases in intact neuroblastoma cells. 196 4

Both the cellular and scrapie isoforms of the prion protein (PrP) designated PrPc and PrPSc are encoded by a single-copy chromosomal gene and appear to be translated from the same 2.1-kb mRNA. PrPC can be distinguished from PrPSc by limited proteolysis under conditions where PrPC is hydrolyzed and PrPSc is resistant. We report here that PrPC can be released from the surface of both normal-control and scrapie-infected murine neuroblastoma (N2a) cells by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) digestion and it can be selectively labeled with sulfo-NHS-biotin, a membrane impermeant reagent. In contrast, PrPSc was neither released by PIPLC nor labeled with sulfo-NHS-biotin. Pulse-chase experiments showed that [35S]methionine was incorporated almost immediately into PrPC while incorporation into PrPSc molecules was observed only during the chase period. While PrPC is synthesized and degraded relatively rapidly (t1/2 approximately 5 h), PrPSc is synthesized slowly (t1/2 approximately 15 h) and appears to accumulate. These results are consistent with several observations previously made on rodent brains where PrP mRNA and PrPC levels did not change throughout the course of scrapie infection, yet PrPSc accumulated to levels exceeding that of PrPC. Our kinetic studies demonstrate that PrPSc is derived from a protease-sensitive precursor and that the acquisition of proteinase K resistance results from a posttranslational event. Whether or not prolonged incubation periods, which are a cardinal feature of prion diseases, reflect the slow synthesis of PrPSc remains to be established.
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PMID:Scrapie and cellular prion proteins differ in their kinetics of synthesis and topology in cultured cells. 196 66

We have investigated the coupling of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) to phospholipid hydrolysis in a human neuroblastoma cell line, LA-N-2, by measuring the formation of 3H-inositol phosphates (3H-IP) and of [3H]phosphatidylethanol ([3H]PEt) in cells prelabeled with [3H]inositol and [3H]oleic acid. The muscarinic agonist carbachol (CCh) stimulated the phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated formation of 3H-IP in a time- and dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 40-55 microM). In addition, in the presence of ethanol (170-300 mM), CCh elevated levels of [3H]PEt [which is regarded as a specific indicator of phospholipase D (PLD) activity] by three- to sixfold. The effect of CCh on PEt formation also was dose dependent (EC50 = 50 microM). Both effects of CCh were antagonized by atropine, indicating that they were mediated by mAChR. Incubation of LA-N-2 cells with the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 0.1 microM; 10 min) increased [3H]PEt levels by up to 10-fold. This effect was inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (1 microM) or by pretreatment for 24 h with 0.1 microM PMA, by 74% and 65%, respectively. In contrast, the effect of CCh on PEt accumulation was attenuated by only 28% in the presence of staurosporine (1 microM). In summary, these results suggest that, in LA-N-2 neuroblastoma cells, mAChR are coupled both to phosphoinositide-specific PLC and to PLD. PKC is capable of stimulating PLD activity in these cells; however, it is not required for stimulation of the enzyme by mAChR activation.
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PMID:Stimulation of phospholipase D activity in human neuroblastoma (LA-N-2) cells by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors or by phorbol esters: relationship to phosphoinositide turnover. 200 44

Vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) caused a series of biochemical events, including the temporal biphasic accumulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), transient formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3, and increase in intracellular free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) in neuroblastoma NG108-15 cells. In these cellular responses, VIC was found to be much more potent in NG108-15 cells than in cultured rat vascular smooth-muscle cells. The single cell [Ca2+]i assay revealed that in the presence of nifedipine (1 microM) or EGTA (1 mM), the peak [Ca2+]i declined more rapidly to the resting level in VIC-stimulated NG108-15 cells, indicating that the receptor-mediated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is followed by Ca2+ influx through the nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channel. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin only partially decreased Ins(1,4,5)P3 generation as well as the [Ca2+]i transient induced by VIC, whereas these events induced by endothelin-1 were not affected by the toxin, suggesting involvement of distinct GTP-binding proteins. The VIC-induced transient Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation coincident with the first early peak of DAG formation suggested that PtdIns(4,5)P2 is a principal source of the first DAG increase. Labelling studies with [3H]myristate, [14C]palmitate and [3H]choline indicated that in neuroblastoma cells phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was hydrolysed by a phospholipase C to cause the second sustained DAG increase. Down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) by prolonged pretreatment with phorbol ester markedly prevented the VIC-induced delayed DAG accumulation. Furthermore, chelation of intracellular CA2+ completely abolished the second sustained phase of DAG production. These findings suggest that PtdCho hydrolysis is responsible for the sustained production of DAG and is dependent on both Ca2+ and PKC.
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PMID:Receptor-linked early events induced by vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) on neuroblastoma and vascular smooth-muscle cells. 212 5

In the neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15, bradykinin (BK) receptor stimulation induced a rapid and concentration-dependent rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ levels, as measured with the Ca2(+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. The Ca2+ transient was present in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and was associated with a concentration-dependent production of inositol phosphates, particularly inositol trisphosphate (InsP3). Pretreatment of intact NG108-15 cells with forskolin or dibutyryl-cAMP plus isobutylmethylxanthine reduced BK-stimulated InsP3 production and the increase in cytosolic free Ca2+. Membranes prepared from forskolin- and [3H]inositol-pretreated NG108-15 cells also showed a diminished production of InsP3 elicited by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, NaF, or BK plus GTP. On the other hand, the Ca2+ sensitivity of membrane-associated phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) was unaffected by forskolin pretreatment of intact NG108-15 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that A-kinase may inhibit receptor-mediated and postreceptor stimulation of PI-PLC in neuron-like cells, perhaps by impairing the coupling between a guanine nucleotide-binding protein and PI-PLC.
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PMID:Cyclic AMP inhibits inositol polyphosphate production and calcium mobilization in neuroblastoma X glioma NG108-15 cells. 216 7

Both ethanol and neurotensin produce sedation and hypothermia. When administered in combination the behavioral effects of these two substances are potentiated. In order to better understand the biochemical nature of this interaction, the direct effects of ethanol on neurotensin receptors and an associated signal transduction process were determined in NIE-115 neuroblastoma cells. Ethanol in physiologically relevant concentrations (50mM) significantly reduced neurotensin stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate production while having no effect on the specific binding of [3H]neurotensin. In addition, ethanol up to 200 mM had no effect on GTPYS mediated [3H]inositol phosphate production. The results indicate that acute exposure to ethanol partially disrupts the normal coupling of activated neurotensin receptors to the guanine nucleotide binding protein associated with phospholipase C.
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PMID:The effects of acute exposure to ethanol on neurotensin and guanine nucleotide-stimulation of phospholipase C activity in intact NIE-115 neuroblastoma cells. 217 77


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