Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The consequence of blocking the de novo synthesis of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) on mitochondrial ubiquinone content and respiratory function was studied in cultured C1300 (Neuro 2A) murine neuroblastoma cells. Mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, was used to suppress the synthesis of mevalonate, an essential precursor for the isoprenoid side chain of ubiquinone. At a concentration of 25 microM, mevinolin completely inhibited the incorporation of [3H]acetate into ubiquinone, isolated from cell extracts by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Similar results were obtained when [14C]tyrosine was used as a precursor for the quinone ring. Through the use of reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography, it was established that the principal product of the ubiquinone pathway in murine neuroblastoma cells was ubiquinone-9. Inhibition of ubiquinone synthesis for 24h in cells cultured in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum (which contains 0.14 nmol of ubiquinone/ml of serum) resulted in a 40-57% decline in the concentration of ubiquinone in the mitochondria. However, the activities of succinate-cytochrome c reductase and succinate dehydrogenase in whole-cell homogenates or mitochondria were not inhibited. The state 3 and uncoupled rates of respiration, determined by polarographic measurements of oxygen consumption in homogenates and mitochondria, were elevated slightly in the mevinolin-treated cells. The data demonstrate that, although mevalonate synthesis is important for the maintenance of the intramitochondrial ubiquinone pool in cultured cells, major changes in the ubiquinone content of the mitochondria can occur in intact cells without perturbation of respiratory function. However, the coincidence of decreased mitochondrial ubiquinone concentration and the inhibition of cell cycling previously observed in mevinolin-treated cells (Maltese, W.A. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120, 454-460) suggests that the availability of ubiquinone may play a role in the regulation of mitochondrial and cellular proliferation.
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PMID:Relation of mevalonate synthesis to mitochondrial ubiquinone content and respiratory function in cultured neuroblastoma cells. 385 88

Mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, stimulated outgrowth of neurites and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in C1300-N2A murine neuroblastoma cells cultured in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. Changes in cell morphology and enzyme activity were concentration-dependent in the range of 0.25-25 microM mevinolin, and were accompanied by decreased incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. The expression of differentiated characteristics induced by 25 microM mevinolin was blocked by simultaneous addition of 100 microM mevalonate to the culture medium. The data suggest that changes in intracellular levels of mevalonate or one of its isoprenoid derivatives may play a role in the regulation of cell differentiation.
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PMID:Induction of differentiation in murine neuroblastoma cells by mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. 656 16

Medulloblastoma is a malignant paediatric central nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis, stimulating the evaluation of improved treatment strategies. Lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, is currently used to treat patients with hypercholesterolemia. This compound also inhibits the production of non-steroidal mevalonate derivatives that are implicated in the control of cellular proliferation, and can induce cell-cycle arrest in vitro. We recently showed that lovastatin inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis of neuroblastoma, the peripheral nervous system 'cousin' of medulloblastoma. Therefore the potential of lovastatin as a possible anticancer drug against medulloblastoma was evaluated in vitro. Four medulloblastoma cell lines, Daoy, UW228, D341 Med and D283 Med, were treated with 1-40 microM of lovastatin in vitro. Analysis of cell morphologic changes, cell viability, DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry in all four cell lines showed growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis with lovastatin treatment. As little as 10 microM of lovastatin was sufficient to cause a marked reduction in cell numbers, and more than 20 microM of lovastatin induced >90% cells to undergo apoptosis, after intervals ranging between 36 and 96 h, depending on the cell line. Lovastatin induced apoptosis in these cell lines was concomitant with cell cycle arrest in G1. The attached cell lines UW228 and Daoy were more sensitive to lovastatin than D283 Med and D341 Med. Daoy cells which survived several cycles of lovastatin treatment could still be induced to undergo apoptosis after longer treatment times. The efficient induction of apoptosis by lovastatin favours this drug as a potential new avenue of therapeutic intervention for medulloablastoma.
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PMID:Lovastatin-induced apoptosis of human medulloblastoma cell lines in vitro. 1036 Apr 74

Epidemiological evidence suggests that long term treatment with hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, decreases the risk for developing Alzheimer disease (AD). However, statin-mediated AD protection cannot be fully explained by reduction of cholesterol levels. In addition to their cholesterol lowering effects, statins have pleiotropic actions and act to lower the concentrations of isoprenoid intermediates, such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate. The Rho and Rab family small G-proteins require addition of these isoprenyl moieties at their C termini for normal GTPase function. In neuroblastoma cell lines, treatment with statins inhibits the membrane localization of Rho and Rab proteins at statin doses as low as 200 nm, without affecting cellular cholesterol levels. In addition, we show for the first time that at low, physiologically relevant, doses statins preferentially inhibit the isoprenylation of a subset of GTPases. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is proteolytically cleaved to generate beta-amyloid (Abeta), which is the major component of senile plaques found in AD. We show that inhibition of protein isoprenylation by statins causes the accumulation of APP within the cell through inhibition of Rab family proteins involved in vesicular trafficking. Moreover, inhibition of Rho family protein function reduces levels of APP C-terminal fragments due to enhanced lysosomal dependent degradation. Statin inhibition of protein isoprenylation results in decreased Abeta secretion. In summary, we show that statins selectively inhibit GTPase isoprenylation at clinically relevant doses, leading to reduced Abeta production in an isoprenoid-dependent manner. These studies provide insight into the mechanisms by which statins may reduce AD pathogenesis.
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PMID:Statins reduce amyloid-beta production through inhibition of protein isoprenylation. 1764 64