Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of local anesthetics and anticonvulsants on the pyrethroid-modified sodium current in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells have been investigated using the suction pipette voltage clamp technique. In the presence of 10 microM of the pyrethroid deltamethrin the sodium current consists of an enhanced peak current during membrane depolarization and a slowly decaying, deltamethrin-induced tail current remaining after repolarization. At the onset of block the local anesthetics tetracaine, lidocaine and QX 314 reduced the deltamethrin-induced tail current more effectively than the peak current. Lidocaine, but not phenytoin, caused a time-dependent block of tail currents evoked by membrane depolarizations lasting 10-1000 ms. Both lidocaine- and phenytoin-induced blocks were independent of the membrane potential during the tail current. The anticonvulsants phenytoin, phenobarbital and valproate blocked the tail and the peak sodium current to the same extent, but diazepam, mephenesin and urethane blocked the peak current more effectively. Vitamin E, which suppresses pyrethroid-induced paresthesia of the skin, had no effect on the voltage-dependent sodium current. It is concluded that indirect effects of anticonvulsants on pyrethroid-induced toxic symptoms predominate, whereas local anesthetics preferentially block the pyrethroid-induced tail current. Therefore, local anesthetics are potentially useful pyrethroid antidotes.
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PMID:Block of deltamethrin-modified sodium current in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells: local anesthetics as potential antidotes. 216 45

A 5-day continuous infusion of vincristine (VCR; total dose 4 mg/m2) has been given as part of a high-dose chemoradiotherapy regimen with bone marrow transplantation. Evidence of neurotoxicity, such as weakness, paraesthesia and intestinal hypomotility, was evaluated prospectively in nine patients. Five patients had advanced neuroblastoma and four, relapsed sarcomas, and all had responded to initial conventional-dose therapy. VCR was combined with high-dose melphalan (180 mg/m2) and fractionated total-body irradiation. Plasma concentrations of VCR were measured by radioimmunoassay during and up to 24 h after the infusion. Serum and urine electrolytes and liver function tests were measured during VCR treatment and at regular intervals thereafter. VCR concentration at 1 h ranged from 1.8 to 10.9 (median 6.6) ng/ml, and a steady state was achieved by 13-30 h (median 16 h). Levels above 1 ng/ml were maintained throughout the 5-day period with a mean steady-state concentration of 1.7 ng/ml (range 1.3-2.15). After cessation of the infusion, serum concentrations fell to below 0.25 ng/ml within 24 h. Abdominal pain occurred in one patient, but neither constipation nor ileus was seen. In two patients severe muscle pain occurred in the lower limbs towards the end of the infusion. Significant electrolyte problems did not occur and, in particular, there was no evidence of inappropriate ADH secretion. Transient increases in liver enzymes were common but bilirubin was not elevated during the period of monitoring. This regimen allows a two-fold escalation in the dose of VCR to be administered, producing sustained high serum drug levels without major toxicity.
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PMID:Continuous vincristine infusion as part of a high dose chemoradiotherapy regimen: drug kinetics and toxicity. 304 35

In June 2000, a case of rabies was diagnosed in Stockholm. The patient, a 19-year-old woman, had been bitten by a dog in Thailand three months earlier. She was admitted with a 2-day history of pain and paresthesia at the exposure site (right arm), along with anxiety. Her neurological symptoms progressed, and during the following week she developed the typical signs of furious rabies. Despite intensive care, her condition deteriorated continuously, and she died 18 days after onset of symptoms. The diagnosis was not considered until five days after admission to the hospital. A saliva sample was obtained and the diagnosis confirmed by virus isolation in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Although Sweden is free of rabies, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with encephalitis after having visited a rabies endemic area. Tourists must be informed of the vital importance of post-exposure prophylaxis after suspected infection.
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PMID:[The first case of rabies in Sweden in 26 years. Inform travellers abroad about risks and treatment following suspected infection]. 1129 24

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional herbal medicines (Kampo) on the symptoms of Yusho. Yusho is a mass food poisoning that was caused by ingestion of rice oil contaminated with dioxins and related organochlorines in 1968. Patients with Yusho suffer from skin symptoms (acneform eruptions, liability to suppuration and pigmentation), respiratory symptoms (cough and expectoration of sputum), neurological symptoms (numbness and paresthesia of extremities), arthralgia and general fatigue, and no effective treatment has yet been developed. In this clinical trial, four Kampo formulae (Bakumondo-to, Keigai-rengyo-to, Gosha-jinki-gan and Hochu-ekki-to) were administered to four representative Yusho symptoms (respiratory, skin, neurological symptoms and general fatigue), respectively. Twenty-seven Yusho patients were enrolled and two formulae were administered to each patient for half-a-year each. The effectiveness of Kampo formulae was estimated by changes in the intensity of symptoms measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 100 mm recorded at baseline and after administration of each formula. The influence of Kampo formulae on patients' quality of life (QOL) was also assessed by the SF-36 (NBS). Twenty-five patients completed the treatment. Bakumondo-to significantly improved respiratory symptoms as well as patients' QOL in the context of vitality, compared with other formulae. In contrast, Hochu-ekki-to impaired patients' QOL in the context of physical functioning and vitality, compared with other formulae. This study demonstrated for the first time that a Kampo formula Bakumondo-to is useful for treating respiratory symptoms caused by dioxins.
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PMID:A clinical trial of kampo formulae for the treatment of symptoms of yusho, a poisoning caused by dioxins and related organochlorine compounds. 1999 56

Extraadrenal paragangliomas are most commonly found in the carotid body and are also found with lower frequency in the CNS. These lesions are derived from the sympathoadrenal lineage of neural crest cells. Here, the authors report a rare case of a composite paraganglioma with ganglioneuromatous components found at the filum terminale in a patient who presented with a brief history of low-back pain and paresthesias in the inguinal region. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected lesion revealed admixed elements of neuroendocrine and neuroblastoma lineages, indicating the presence of divergent differentiation of sympathoadrenal progenitor cells. This case represents a unique opportunity to understand the cell fate of sympathoadrenal progenitor cells. Here, the authors propose that paragangliomas at the filum terminale can revert to a neural crest cell precursor fate, giving rise to divergent neoplastic populations.
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PMID:Composite ganglioneuroma-paraganglioma of the filum terminale. 2051 59

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare, neurological condition affecting 1 in 10 000 000 people annually. Opsoclonus, defined as involuntary rapid, multivectorial oscillations of the eyes, together with ataxia and myoclonus are usually present. OMS may be paraneoplastic: often associated with occult neuroblastoma in childhood and with breast carcinoma or small cell lung carcinoma in adults. Other aetiologies include viral or toxic agents. The pathogenesis is thought to be immune mediated. A 37-year-old woman with previous inflammatory cranial mononeuropathies was admitted for elective dilatation and curettage (D&C). Immediately after she complained of left-sided paraesthesia and later became disoriented, with incoherent speech, inability to obey commands, opsoclonus of the eyes and myoclonic jerks. Investigations including onconeuronal antibodies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and imaging were normal. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone with rapid improvement. Previous surgeries with anaesthesia were uncomplicated. The anaesthetic agents used for the D&C were fentanyl and propofol.
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PMID:Postintervention acute opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome. 2843 74