Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuroblastoma remains a significant problem in pediatric oncology. Recently a "multidrug-resistance" gene that may cause cells to become resistant to various chemotherapeutic agents has been cloned. The gene encodes the high-molecular-weight plasma membrane protein known as P-glycoprotein. To study the expression of this gene in cells exhibiting the multidrug-resistant phenotype, a panel of sublines selected with several different natural product drugs was established. The drug-sensitive parental BE(2)-C cells were clonally isolated from the human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2) line and exhibit a 150-fold increase in the copy number of the N-myc protooncogene. Sublines were selected by stepwise increases in the concentration of actinomycin-D, doxorubicin, vincristine, or colchicine. Gene amplification was assessed using Southern analysis, and RNA levels were determined by Northern and dot-blot analysis. Western blotting was used to determine protein levels. N-myc amplification and expression were simultaneously determined to assess possible alterations associated with development of multidrug resistance. Amplified P-glycoprotein-encoding genes were not seen in control lines but were clearly present in those that had undergone exposure to each of the chemical agents. Similarly, steady-state messenger RNA and protein levels were greatly increased in the drug-resistant sublines. We conclude that human neuroblastoma cells can acquire the multidrug-resistant phenotype after exposure to various chemotherapeutic agents.
 ...
PMID:Multidrug resistance in human neuroblastoma cells. 171 82

This study was performed to evaluate the tumor targeting ability of chCE7 with a view to clinical applications in neuroblastoma imaging and therapy. A chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody (chCE7) of gamma 1/kappa isotype directed against a neuroblastoma-associated cell-surface glycoprotein is described. In vitro chCE7 binds with high affinity (KD approximately 1 x 10(-10) M) to SKN-AS human neuroblastoma cells. Binding studies with 125I-labeled chCE7 show temperature-dependent modulation of antigen binding and indicate that a proportion of the bound antibody is internalized due to rapid antigen turnover. In vivo biodistribution of radioiodinated chCE7 in nude mice bearing SKN-AS tumors shows optimal tumor uptake after 24 hr with about 30% of the injected dose per g. Optimal tumor/blood ratios (3.4:1) are reached after 4-5 days. Uptake in other organs including the reticuloendothelial system is low with tumor/organ ratios of 10 and more. Tumor uptake of chCE7 and the parent murine CE7 are found to be similar. Stability of chCE7 during and after radiolabeling is good with no loss of immunoreactivity in preparations labeled with 123I up to 100 mCi/mg and 80% immunoreactivity after labeling with 13 mCi/mg of 131I. Neuroblastoma xenografts can be imaged by radioimmunoscintigraphy with 123I- and and 131I-labeled chCE7.
 ...
PMID:Radioimmunolocalization of neuroblastoma xenografts with chimeric antibody chCE7. 173 44

We report the experience of the European Neuroblastoma Study Group (ENSG) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement of neuroblastoma. Among this series of intensively treated patients, CNS neuroblastoma was diagnosed by computerised tomography (CT) scanning, rather than by autopsy. Cranial disease occurred in 5% of ENSG patients. Of 11 patients with intracranial disease, 4 had disease in the posterior fossa, a site rarely reported previously. Furthermore, 5 cases had CNS metastases at a time when there was no detectable disease elsewhere, rather than as part of extensive relapse. The pattern of disease we observed, at least for those with parenchymal disease, is in keeping with arterial spread. Although CT scanning is the optimal modality for identifying CNS disease, 2 cases had normal head CT scans prior to the onset of CNS disease. As most patients had symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (RICP) at the time the CNS disease was diagnosed, there does not seem to be any indication for routine CT scanning of the head at diagnosis, but this should be performed as soon as any symptoms or signs appear. With patients living longer with their disease, vigilance must be maintained during follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Neuroblastoma with intracranial involvement: an ENSG Study. 173 20

Since there is little information regarding the possible prognostic significance of tumor rupture in localized neuroblastoma, we have analyzed the clinical courses of 163 children registered from 1979-1990 in 12 italian pediatric oncology Centers participating in the Neuroblastoma Cooperative Group of the A.I.E.O.P. (Italian Association for Paediatric Haematology-Oncology). Ten instances (6%) of tumor rupture were described. Ruptures occurred preoperatively in one child, during the operation in 9; among these 9, two were provoked by the surgeon to allow radical tumor excision, 7 were accidental. Of these 10 children, 7 relapsed at 3-25 months (median, 8 months) from diagnosis. Relapses were local in 5 children (2 of the 5 died), disseminated in one (who died), local + disseminated in one (presently alive with disease). Two local relapses were followed by bony or haematologic spread at 4 and 8 months, respectively. Of the 7 children who relapsed, 2 are alive in complete remission at 29, 100 months, respectively; two are alive with disease at 3 and 65 months, 3 died at 8, 15 and 24 months, respectively. We conclude that rupture of a localized neuroblastoma is a factor predisposing to relapse and may compromise the chance of cure. The surgeon should be aware of the risks connected with this complication and make any effort to avoid it.
 ...
PMID:[Neuroblastoma. Tumor rupture as an unfavorable prognostic factor]. 175 68

The sonographic appearances of 12 intrathoracic masses in children are presented. Seven out of 12 masses were malignant and presented with opaque hemithorax on chest X-ray. Different types of masses encountered were: Lymphoma, Neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, metastatic Ewing's sarcoma, Teratocarcinoma, Pseudotumor of the lung, Neuroenteric duplication cyst, Bronchogenic cyst and tubercular mediastinal lymph nodes.
 ...
PMID:Sonographic evaluation of chest masses in children. 176 85

Neuroblastoma cell lines isolated from neuroblastoma tumors can be induced to differentiate into neuronal cell types by treatment with chemical agents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and retinoic acid. The molecular mechanisms underlying this differentiation process, however, are completely obscure. In this paper, we show that neuronal differentiation of mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells by dimethyl sulfoxide is accompanied by a prolonged rise in c-jun, junB, and junD expression and AP-1 activity. Multiple sequence elements in the Jun promoters are involved in this process. Furthermore, we show that c-jun and junD, but not junB, are expressed at high levels in the neuronal cell types obtained after dimethyl sulfoxide treatment. These results suggest an important role for c-jun and junD in neuronal differentiation of N1E-115 cells.
 ...
PMID:Up-regulation of Jun/AP-1 during differentiation of N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. 180 75

The development of highly asymmetrical neurones from undifferentiated neuroblasts involves the extension of processes (axon and dendrites), that depends on the assembly of an inner microtubule scaffolding. Clonal cell lines of neuronal origin, N2A and NIE-115 neuroblastoma cells, have been chosen as model systems to study the modifications of microtubule protein which accompany the outgrowth of axon-like processes (neurites). Neuroblastoma cells grow as proliferating and undifferentiated cells in standard culture medium but can be considered as committed neuronal precursors. Thus, they are characterized by a high content of tubulin, including the minor neuronal-specific beta 3 isoform, and of MAPs including MAP1B and tau-like proteins. Serum withdrawal from the culture medium results in the extension of axon-like processes which is paralleled by a net increase in the amount of assembled tubulin. However, there is not any increase in the total amount of either tubulin or major MAPs which suggests an involvement of other regulatory factors in the promotion of microtubule assembly. Of relevance in this respect is the fact that beta 3-tubulin, MAP1B, and tau-like proteins become phosphorylated during neurite extension. A casein kinase II-like enzyme may be involved in some of these phosphorylation events. This enzyme is primarily localized to the nuclei in undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells, whereas a wider distribution of the enzyme between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is found in differentiating neuroblastoma cells. It thus appears plausible that a modified sorting of casein kinase II into the nucleus and the cytoplasm may be involved in the triggering of the phosphorylation of microtubule proteins during neuroblastoma cell differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Microtubule protein phosphorylation in neuroblastoma cells and neurite growth. 182 7

The effect of continuous and intermittent ethanol exposure on the phospholipid composition of Neuroblastoma x Glioma (NG 108-15) cell membranes was investigated. The cells were treated with ethanol for three weeks. Continuous ethanol exposure (150 mM) produced an increase (27%) in the amount of phosphatidylcholine, whereas intermittent ethanol treatment (150 mM) induced a 22% reduction of this lipid. Decreases of phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen (8.5%), phosphatidylinositol (16%) and phosphatidylserine (24%) were also seen after intermittent exposure. After binge administration, the concentration of total phospholipids was reduced by 17%, whereas continuous exposure produced a 19% increase. Both intermittent and continuous exposure induced a reduction in the total protein content. No changes in phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen or phosphatidylethanolamine (diacyl form) were detected with either treatment. The importance of this study is that ethanol, irrespective of amount, can elicit different effects depending on the pattern of administration.
 ...
PMID:Continuous and intermittent exposure to ethanol: effect on NG 108-15 cell membrane phospholipids. 184 41

Neuroblastoma cells were used to examine the effect of high concentrations of glucose or galactose and accumulation of polyols on the resting membrane potential. Polyol levels are increased and myo-inositol content decreased when neuroblastoma cells are chronically exposed to media containing 30 mM glucose or 30 mM galactose compared to cells grown in media containing 30 mM fructose. Furthermore, the 6 h accumulation and incorporation into phospholipid of extracellular myo-inositol is decreased in cells exposed to media containing 30 mM glucose or 30 mM galactose compared to cells grown in media containing 30 mM fructose. The resting membrane potential was determined by examining the steady-state accumulation of the lipophilic cation tetra[3H]phenylphosphonium bromide (TPP+). The resting membrane potential of cells grown in media containing 30 mM fructose is about -70 mV which is very similar to the resting membrane potential of cells grown in unsupplemented media. The resting membrane potential is significantly decreased in cells grown in media containing 30 mM glucose or 30 mM galactose. myo-Inositol metabolism and content and polyol levels are maintained at near normal values and the resting membrane potential is improved when media containing 30 mM glucose or 30 mM galactose are supplemented with 0.4 mM sorbinil. Acute exposure of neuroblastoma cells to 2 mM ouabain had no significant effect on [3H]TPP+ accumulation. This suggests that acute inhibition of Na+/K+ pump activity does not decrease the resting membrane potential of neuroblastoma cells. The decrease in resting membrane potential may be induced by the metabolic abnormalities and/or chronic decrease in Na+/K+ pump activity which occur when neuroblastoma cells are chronically exposed to increased glucose or galactose concentrations.
 ...
PMID:Resting membrane potential in 41A3 mouse neuroblastoma cells. Effect of increased glucose and galactose concentrations. 184 97

TBI is currently used as a conditioning regimen in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with various Radiation doses, fractionation scheduling and dose rate. In children, the most frequent neoplasms treated with TBI are leukemias and advanced Neuroblastoma (NB). In leukemias the radiation dose plays an important role, particularly in patients at high risk of relapse. In NB the inclusion of TBI in pretransplant therapy does not seem to produce any difference in survival. In pediatric patients TBI involved particular problems of technique dosimetry and toxicity.
 ...
PMID:The role of TBI in conditioning regimens for children. 185 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>