Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (
neuroblastoma
)
27,800
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
In this study cytological findings in specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of central nervous system (CNS) tumours (16 primaries, 57 metastatic and 12 suspicious) are presented, which were diagnosed over a period of 7 years in 85 patients (50 females and 35 males) with an age range of 2-76 years. The follow-up included information from clinicians and a review of medical charts, histological correlation and/or further investigations following cytodiagnosis. The patients clinically presented with signs and symptoms of meningeal involvement. The primary tumours included six medulloblastomas, eight gliomas (four glioblastomata multiforme, two anaplastic astrocytomas, and two ependymomas) and two germinomas. The metastatic tumours were 14 melanomas, 19 breast carcinomas, four leukaemias, six
B-cell lymphomas
, five adenocarcinomas of gastrointestinal origin, seven carcinomas of lung, one retinoblastoma and one
neuroblastoma
. Twelve cases were reported as suspicious. On further investigations, four of these were from a primary tumour (two glioblastomata multiforme and two anaplastic astrocytomas) while the other eight cases were of a metastasis (one B-cell lymphoma, three breast carcinomas, three melanomas and one adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal origin). Using a panel of selective immunostains in some of the cases supported the cytological diagnosis and this was considered useful in furthering cytodiagnosis. In 75 of the patients the CSF samples were obtained on a spinal tap while in 10 patients the samples were received as ventricular CSF. There were no false-positive cases. The results of our study suggest that CSF cytology in the diagnosis of CNS tumours is quite reliable and reflects involvement of leptomeninges or the ventricles. Furthermore, the use of selective immunostains can be helpful in confirming the cytological impression and source of the tumour.
...
PMID:Cytodiagnosis of neoplasms of the central nervous system in cerebrospinal fluid samples with an application of selective immunostains in differentiation. 1474 90
Molecular alterations in malignant disease result in the expression or upregulations of various targets that can be used for imaging and treatment with radiopharmaceuticals. This theranostic principle has acquired greater importance in personalized medicine in recent years, particularly in oncology, where advanced tumors can be treated effectively with low side effects. Since the pioneering use of
131
I in differentiated thyroid cancer in the 1940s, remarkable achievements in nuclear medicine endoradiotherapy have been demonstrated, mainly in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms by using
177
Lu-labeled somatostatin analogs or in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer using prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed radionuclide therapy. Besides that, this review focuses on promising novel radiopharmaceuticals and describes their preclinical and clinical status. Radiolabeled antibodies, such as
131
I-omburtamab directed against the B7-H3 protein on the surface of
neuroblastoma
cells; HuMab-5B1, a
89
Zr/
177
Lu-labeled antibody for the treatment of CA19-9-expressing malignancies; and
177
Lu-lilotomab, a CD37 antibody for the treatment of
B-cell lymphomas
, are being highlighted. The neurotensin receptor ligand
111
In/
177
Lu-3B-227 has demonstrated high potential in imaging and therapy for several malignancies (e.g., pancreatic adenocarcinomas). Targeting of the fibroblast activation protein is currently being explored for different tumor entities using PET imaging with the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)
68
Ga-FAPI-04, and the first therapeutic applications of
90
Y-FAPI-04 have been applied. After 2 decades of rapid development in theranostics, a variety of new targets are available for further clinical investigation.
...
PMID:Future of Theranostics: An Outlook on Precision Oncology in Nuclear Medicine. 3148 83
