Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A molecular clone containing part of the transforming gene from two human sarcoma cell lines, HT1080 and RD, has been obtained and shown to represent a new member of the human ras gene family. The transforming gene has undergone no major rearrangements and has not been amplified in either sarcoma cell line. The major transcript from the gene is 2,200 nucleotides long and is present at the same levels in both normal fibroblasts and tumour cells. The same gene is also activated in HL60, a promyelocytic leukaemia line and in SK-N-SH, a neuroblastoma line. The gene, N-ras, is located on chromosome 1.
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PMID:Identification of transforming gene in two human sarcoma cell lines as a new member of the ras gene family located on chromosome 1. 630 21

Two hundred and two benign and malignant soft tissue lesions were studied for the presence of S-100 protein by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Virtually all benign nerve sheath tumors (neurofibroma, neurilemoma, and granular cell tumor) contained numerous immunoreactive S-100-positive cells. Only one-half (18 of 36) of malignant schwannomas contained the protein, suggesting that its presence is an expression of differentiation in Schwann cell tumors. S-100 protein was not identified within pure neuroblastic tumors (neuroblastoma, neuroepithelioma) but could be identified within rare cells of the ganglioneuroblastoma and within the Schwann cell component of ganglioneuroma. It was also identified within most melanocytic tumors (cellular blue nevus, clear cell sarcoma, and melanoma). In fact, its constant presence in melanoma indicates that it may prove to be an independently reliable method for diagnosing amelanotic forms. It is also sporadically present within a variety of mesenchymal lesions including lipoma, liposarcoma, synovial chondromatosis, chondrosarcoma, fibromatosis, histiocytosis X, and chordoma. Although S-100 protein is highly characteristic of neural crest-derived tumors, it is not restricted to them and, consequently, must be interpreted cautiously. It may prove helpful in select situations such as the distinction of (a) benign nerve sheath tumors from other benign mesenchymal tumors such as fibrous histiocytomas, (b) cellular neurilemomas from malignant schwannomas, (c) malignant schwannomas from conventional fibrosarcoma (d) malignant melanomas from many carcinomas, and, possibly (e) juvenile xanthogranulomas from histiocytosis X.
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PMID:Value of S-100 protein in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors with particular reference to benign and malignant Schwann cell tumors. 631 Feb 27

Dominant transforming genes that were transferred to mouse NIH3T3 cells by cellular DNAs prepared from a chemically transformed human cell line (MNNG-HOS), a human teratocarcinoma cell line (PA1), and a human pancreatic carcinoma cell line (A1165) were characterized (a) analyzing the repetitive human DNA sequences that were associated with the transforming gene and (b) determining their relationship to the oncogenes of the Harvey (rasH) and Kirsten (rasK) sarcoma viruses and to the human neuroblastoma transforming gene (rasN). The results show that the transforming gene activated in the teratocarcinoma cell line is identical to the neuroblastoma transforming gene and that the transforming gene of the pancreatic carcinoma cell line is a human homologue of rasK. In contrast, the transforming gene activated in the chemically transformed human cell line showed no detectable homology to rasK, rasH, and rasN.
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PMID:Characterization of human transforming genes from chemically transformed, teratocarcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. 641 75

A murine monoclonal antibody (monoclonal antibody 126) produced against cultured human neuroblastoma cells (LAN-1) was found to be specifically directed to a disialoganglioside (GD2) antigen preferentially expressed on both cell lines and tissues derived from melanoma and neuroblastoma. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, monoclonal antibody 126 failed to react with leukemic and lymphoblastoid cells as well as with a variety of carcinoma and sarcoma cell lines. Immunohistological analysis by the immunoperoxidase technique revealed strong reactivity of monoclonal antibody 126 with frozen and formaldehyde-fixed neuroblastoma and melanoma tissues. Tissues from patients with glioma or with small cell cancer of the lung showed faint staining, whereas those from individuals with sarcoma, lymphoma, and a variety of other neoplasms proved to be negative. Sera of neuroblastoma patients showed significantly elevated GD2 levels compared to normal children (p less than 0.001) and children with other tumors (p less than 0.001) as determined by a quantitative competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the GD2 serum level of one neuroblastoma patient, when followed serially, was found to correlate with progression of disease, suggesting the potential usefulness of this assay for the diagnosis and monitoring of neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Detection of ganglioside GD2 in tumor tissues and sera of neuroblastoma patients. 649 49

Three distinct transforming genes present in human tumor cell lines are all related to the viral oncogenes of Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses, designated v-H-ras and v-K-ras, respectively. The transforming gene of a bladder carcinoma cell line has been shown to be a human homolog to v-H-ras [Parada, L. F., Tabin, C. J., Shih, C. & Weinberg, R. A. (1982) Nature (London) 297, 474-478; Santos, E., Tronick, S. R., Aaronson, S. A., Pulciani, S. & Barbacid, M. (1982) Nature (London) 298, 343-347]. The transforming gene common to one colon (SK-CO-1) and two lung carcinoma (SK-LU-1 and Calu-1) cell lines is the same human homolog of v-K-ras as is the transforming gene previously identified in a lung carcinoma cell line Lx-1 [Der, C. J., Krontiris, T. G. & Cooper, G. M. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 3637-3640]. The transforming gene of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells is weakly homologous to both v-H-ras and v-K-ras. NIH 3T3 cells transformed with the SK-N-SH transforming gene contain increased levels of a protein serologically and structurally related to the protein products of the v-H-ras and v-K-ras genes. Therefore, it represents a third member of the ras gene family, which we have called N-ras. Based on the homology with the v-ras genes, we have established the orientation of transcription and approximate coding regions of the cloned human K-ras and N-ras genes.
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PMID:Three human transforming genes are related to the viral ras oncogenes. 657 64

Cytostatics- and radiation-induced alterations of the lung were investigated in 18 children after tumour-therapy by means of lung perfusion scintigraphy. 13 patients (Hodgkin- and non Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia with mediastinal tumour, Ewing-sarcoma, and intrathoracal neuroblastoma) received epidiaphragmatical radiation and cytostatics. All 32 lung-scintigrams of these children 1-23 months after cessation of therapy were pathological. 5 patients (acute lymphocytic leukemia, Histiocytosis X) received cytostatics only. 1-6 months after cessation of therapy in these children 6 lung-scintigrams were pathological, one was normal. After cessation of tumour-treatment scintigraphical improvement of disturbed perfusion occurred in 9/18 patients only. In 6 children a deterioration of lung-perfusion was registered. Lung-scintigraphy is a method for testing pulmonary perfusion in diagnosis and therapy control in childhood malignancies. The results of this study indicate that prophylactic provisions against pulmonary damage during oncologic therapy are necessary.
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PMID:[Lung scintigraphy after tumor therapy in childhood]. 657 14

A pathological X-ray of the skeleton with the clinical correlation "painful swelling of soft tissue" is always an alarming sign in childhood. Radiology is our most important device to decide if the disease is of traumatic, inflammatory, incretory or neoplasmatic as well as of degenerative origin. Considering the group of "neoplasmatic alterations" there are more than 50 different entities. The differential diagnosis of a "bone tumor" requires large experience from the radiologist. Supporting the oncologist an experienced pathologist must be capable to distinguish a reticulosarcoma, a neuroblastoma metastasis, a leukemic bone-infiltrate or an embryonal rhabdo-myosarcoma from an Ewing's sarcoma. An experienced surgeon is of the same importance capable of not only collecting detritus out of necrotic tumor centres or altered tissues, but of gathering several samples from vital tumor tissue. This experienced team is especially required when children are in concern, as this age represents the peak of manifestation of malignant bone-sarcoma as Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma. The quoted case-descriptions point our how difficult it may be to find the proper biopsy location and how initial false diagnosis lets valuable time pass by and prevents early diagnosis.
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PMID:[Ewing sarcoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in children]. 663 98

The oncogene of the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line has been passed serially through NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Oncogene-specific probes prepared from the resulting tertiary transfectants by molecular cloning have been used to show that loss of the transfected oncogene from NIH/3T3 cells correlates with reversion to nontransformed morphology. Analysis of cells transfected by the oncogenes of other tumors and tumor cell lines indicates that the transforming gene of the HL-60 leukemia cell line is closely related to oncogenes of a Burkitt's lymphoma, an acute myelogenous leukemia, an adenocarcinoma of the colon, a neuroblastoma, and two sarcomas. This oncogene is distantly related to the viral oncogenes of Kirsten and Harvey sarcoma viruses. It has been termed N-ras. The active N-ras oncogene coexists with altered versions of the myc oncogene in the HL-60 and AW Ramos human tumors. This suggests a multistep mechanism involving both ras and myc genes in the creation of these tumors.
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PMID:The HL-60 transforming sequence: a ras oncogene coexisting with altered myc genes in hematopoietic tumors. 668 94

Spinal tumors are not very frequent; they represent 8-15% of the tumors of the central nervous system. In adulthood, more than a half of them are intradural extramedullary tumors; the most frequent oncotype is neurinoma, followed by meningioma. The frequency of astrocytomas of the spine is comparable with that of the brain, taking into account the different weights of the two organs; on the contrary, the frequency of ependymomas is higher than in the brain. In childhood, spinal tumors are quite infrequent . Some oncotypes are typical of infancy: neuroblastoma, teratoma, sarcoma. The pathological peculiarities of some oncotypes due to the spinal location are discussed.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and pathology of spinal tumors]. 672 79

A human melanoma cell line, M14 , adapted to grow in serum free synthetic media was examined for its expression and secretion of several serologically defined melanoma associated antigens (MAA) previously described in this laboratory. Melanoma associated antigen expression and secretion was identical to that of M14 cells grown in parallel in serum supplemented medium. Spent synthetic media was found to be an enriched serum free source for the initial isolation of 100 kilodalton secreted glycoprotein MAA. M14 melanoma cells grown in synthetic media were also shown to be adaptable to the double agar clonogenic assay facilitating the examination of clonal heterogeneity in functional studies of MAA in melanoma tumor biology. Recent investigations from this laboratory have focused on characterizing human melanoma associated antigens (MAA) found either as secreted or cell surface associated glycoproteins in human melanoma cell lines. In these studies, monoclonal and polyclonal antiserums to melanoma cell components have been developed to specifically identify these MAAs immunochemically and provide a means to study the structural biochemistry of these determinants. At this time we have identified two antigens on which our research efforts are targeted: 1) a 100,000 dalton secreted glycoprotein (100K) common to melanoma, sarcoma and neuroblastoma tumor cell lines, and 2) a 250,000 dalton-high molecular weight component glycoprotein-proteoglycan complex which is thus far restricted to melanoma cells. The ultimate goal of our efforts is two-fold. Initially, we hope to develop schemes to isolate these melanoma associated antigens in sufficient quantities to obtain detailed structural information on these molecules, and secondly, we wish to implicate these glycoproteins in functional aspects of the biology of metastatic human melanoma in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Antigenic expression of human melanoma cells in serum-free medium. 673 Nov 48


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