Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and two cases of neonatal cancers, representing 2% of all paediatric malignancies, were seen during a 60 year period at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. The neonatal cancers included neuroblastoma (47%), retinoblastoma (17%), soft tissue sarcoma (12%), central nervous system tumours (9%), leukaemia (8%), and a few cases of Wilms' tumour, liver tumour, and miscellaneous tumours. The overall mortality from disease was 41%. Patients with retinoblastoma, Wilms' tumour, and neuroblastoma had the best prognosis. Forty three patients (42%) survived their neonatal cancers; all were treated with surgery or radiochemotherapy, or both, but none suffered long term major handicaps as a result of treatment. There was one instance of second malignancy of the thyroid gland induced by radiation. We conclude that although neonatal cancers are difficult management problems, many patients can be cured. Physicians should discuss with parents the possible risks associated with treatment before treatment is begun.
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PMID:Malignant tumours in the neonate. 381 32

Monoclonal antibody (A 2 B 5) was raised against chick neural retina cells by Eisenbarth et al. We have studied, exclusively, A 2 B 5 for the immunological approach, and the following results were obtained. A 2 B 5 was shown to be IgG 2a subclass and reacted with all human neuroblastoma cell lines, NBGOTO, NB 1, TN-1 and C-NB1, in vitro by the 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, but did not have cytotoxic activity for other tumor cell lines, C-1300 (A/J mouse neuroblastoma cell line), S1509a (A/J mouse induced sarcoma by methylcholanthrene) and P 39 (human malignant melanoma cell line). A 2 B 5 was titrated against constant numbers of human neuroblastoma cell lines. In the next experiment, detection of metastatic neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow, specimen and human neuroblastoma cell lines was undertaken by indirect immunofluorescence using A 2 B 5. All were visualized with binding A 2 B 5, and immunofluorescence could be seen on a clump of tumor cells binding A 2 B 5. Thus, A 2 B 5 may be particularly useful reagent for the diagnosis of bone metastasis of human neuroblastoma.
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PMID:[Analysis of tumor antigens and clinical applications of monoclonal antibody (A 2 B 5) for neuroblastoma]. 388

Differential diagnosis of sonographically detected fetal neck tumours is difficult. The sonographic criteria for encephalomyelocele, lymphangioma/hygroma, teratoma, sarcoma, haemangioma, neuroblastoma and goitre are given on the basis of the authors' own observations and information from the literature. Elevation of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid is a frequent but non-specific finding. Chromosome analysis after amniocentesis can be a useful supplementary procedure for assessing the prognosis and deciding upon the delivery procedure. Sonographic detection of a tumour in the fetal neck region enables preparations to be made for dystocia and postnatal dyspnoea of the newborn. The obstetrician must cooperate closely with paediatricians, neurologists, surgeons and ENT specialists.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of sonographically detected tumours in the fetal cervical region. 389 70

A 14-year-old boy was presented with a mass in the epigastrium. The tumor developed 13 years after removal of a neuroblastoma of the left adrenal gland. Therapy of the primary tumor had included irradiation and chemotherapy. Diagnosis of the gastric tumor was made by ultrasound and endoscopy. A total gastrectomy was performed showing a malignant undifferentiated sarcoma. Primary malignant tumors of the stomach such as gastric teratoma of the newborn [4], leiomyosarcoma [6], malignant lymphoma and carcinoma [1] are very rare in childhood. As cancer is treated more aggressively with radiation and cytostatics, more therapy-induced-tumors, including gastric sarcoma, must be expected in children.
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PMID:Malignant gastric sarcoma--diagnosis by ultrasound and endoscopy. 394 5

Between 1919 and 1981, 16 children with primary cardiac tumors (8 rhabdomyomas, 5 fibromas, 2 myxomas, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma) and 59 children with secondary tumors of the cardiovascular system were seen at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Distant metastases in 45 children of the latter group, in descending order of frequency, were from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, soft tissue and bone sarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoma, and involved the myocardium and pericardium. In the remaining 14 children, tumor thrombi from Wilms' tumor (9 cases), adrenal (2 cases) and hepatocellular carcinoma (2 cases), and endodermal sinus tumor (1 case) extended directly into the great veins and/or cardiac chambers. Children with primary and secondary tumors often present with nonspecific clinical, plain radiographic, electrocardiographic, and M-mode echocardiographic findings. Early recognition, utilizing special diagnostic procedures such as two-dimensional echocardiography, computerized axial tomography, angiocardiography, and inferior venocavography, followed by elective surgical resection of tumor under cardiopulmonary bypass and/or radiation and chemotherapy, offers patients with cardiovascular tumors the best chance of cure.
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PMID:Primary and secondary tumors of childhood involving the heart, pericardium, and great vessels. A report of 75 cases and review of the literature. 401 74

We have extended our analysis of human tumors using antibodies specific for each of the five types of intermediate filaments to neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, ependymoblastoma, and alveolar soft part sarcoma. Tumor cells in the three cases of neuroblastoma, as well as in the single case of alveolar soft part sarcoma, did not react positively with sera directed against any of the five intermediate filament types. We suppose, therefore, that neuroblastoma at least may be derived from a cell type - possibly present in peripheral neurones - which in vivo has very few or no intermediate filaments. In ganglioneuroblastoma and in pheochromocytoma the tumor cells were positive when tested with antibodies directed against neurofilaments and negative with those directed against other intermediate filament types. The ependymoblastoma was positive when tested with antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) and negative when tested with antibodies against other intermediate filament types. Use of antibodies to the different intermediate filament types appears to be a valid way in which to classify tumors, and so far the data presented here and elsewhere support the hypothesis that tumor cells retain the intermediate filament type typical of their cell of origin. Wider use of these sera would seem particularly useful in cases such as neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma or lymphoma where diagnosis is currently difficult using conventional histological stains.
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PMID:Various sympathetic derived human tumors differ in neurofilament expression. Use in diagnosis of neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. 612 32

Monoclonal antibodies with selectivity for human lung cancer were produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with an established line of human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H69) and fusing the mouse spleen cells to mouse myeloma line X63-Ag8.653. The resulting hybrid cells were initially screened by immunoautoradiography for production of antibodies that would react with NCI-H69 and another small cell lung cancer line (NCI-H128) but not its autologous B-lymphoblastoid line (NCI-H128BL). Stable monoclonal antibody-producing lines were isolated by repeated cloning. Three independently derived monoclonal antibodies, designated 525A5, 534F8, and 538F12, were found to react with three of the major types of human lung cancer (small cell, adenocarcinoma, and squamous carcinoma). They did not react with bronchioloalveolar and large cell lung cancers, myeloma, lymphomas, leukemias, osteogeneic sarcoma, mesothelioma, hypernephroma, malignant melanoma, simian virus 40-transformed human fetal lung cells, skin fibroblast lines, human B-lymphoblastoid lines, human erythrocytes, and rodent cells. Interestingly, these antibodies also bound to three out of three human neuroblastomas and two out of three breast cancers but failed to react with mouse neuroblastoma and rat pheochromocytoma. The monoclonal antibodies reacted with human small cell lung cancer tumors obtained at autopsy, but had insignificant reactions with normal human lung, liver, spleen, and skeletal muscle. We conclude that monoclonal antibodies have been generated that react with common antigenic determinants expressed on several human lung cancer types, neuroblastoma, and some breast cancers, but are not detectable by our current assays on a variety of other human tumors or normal adult human tissues. Such antibodies are of potential clinical and biological importance.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies that demonstrate specificity for several types of human lung cancer. 627 Jun 85

In its histologic features, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the prototype of malignant soft tissue tumors in childhood, summarizes the problems associated with the diagnosis of this entire group of neoplasms. Many of the tumors that do not fulfill the criteria for RMS have been designated "sarcomas of uncertain histogenesis." The introduction of the concept of a soft tissue equivalent of Ewing's sarcoma may have eased the semantic anxiety without improving our conceptual understanding. It is thought that the embryonal RMS, Ewing's sarcoma, and other are derived from a primitive mesenchymal cell. Another separate category of "small blue cell tumors" are those which presumably originate from the primitive neuroepithelium. Some of the diagnostic terms applied to this category are "neuroepithelioma," "medulloepithelioma," and "peripheral neuroblastoma." Because most of these tumors are hormonally inactive and electron microscopy is not performed, the diagnosis is infrequently considered or proved. The recently described small cell tumor of thoracopulmonary origin is likely a malignant neuroepithelial neoplasm. Hematopoietic tumors, such as non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas, granulocytic sarcoma, and malignant histiocytosis, may appear in the soft tissues as the initial manifestation of these system diseases. A final group of malignant soft tissue tumors are the fibrohistiocytic ones with a biphasic pattern of small round cells and spindle cells. It now has become increasingly difficult for the pathologist to satisfy his clinical colleagues with the diagnosis of "undifferentiated malignant tumor" in a child.
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PMID:Soft tissue sarcomas of childhood: the differential diagnostic dilemma of the small blue cell. 627 17

Morphological transformation of NIH/3T3 cells by transfection with DNA has been used to identify transforming sequences in human tumours. Transforming activity has been reported for DNAs isolated from bladder, mammary, colon and lung carcinomas, neuroblastoma, lymphoid and myeloid tumours. Each of these tissues seems to contain different transforming sequences except for the colon and lung tumours where the same sequence seems to be involved. We now report that in two different human sarcoma cell lines, a fibrosarcoma and an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, the DNAs have transforming activity. The transforming gene is the same in both sarcomas but differs from the activated sequences detected in other tumours. We have also found that the transforming gene has no detectable homology to eight retrovirus oncogenes tested.
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PMID:A transforming gene present in human sarcoma cell lines. 628 87

The precise role of the nerve growth factor protein (NGF) during the growth and development of the human nervous system is not determined. Although it appears to influence a number of neural functions, its mechanism of action is poorly understood. A number of researchers have proposed that NGF may be involved in several pathological conditions including cancer. It has been shown that NGF is secreted by certain sarcoma (23), neuroblastoma (113), and glioma (7,102,136) cell lines and can bind to neuroblastoma and metastatic melanoma cell lines (42). Neuroblastoma (136,181) and pheochromocytoma (165) cells in vitro can be induced by NGF to differentiate toward a morphologically "more benign" state and appropriate NGF treatment of rats can reduce the number of chemically induced gliomas and neurinomas (174,178). NGF can also reduce the growth of intracerebrally inoculated anaplastic glioma cells (172). Anti-NGF treatment of rats (178) and mice (179) can alter the tumor distribution observed following ethylnitrosourea or benzo(a)pyrene treatment (10). In humans, it has been reported that serum levels of NGF are usually elevated in persons "at risk" for neurofibromatosis (156). The precise nature of the NGF role is not known in these instances. Further understanding of the action of NGF could be of clinical importance.
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PMID:Nerve growth factor and neural oncology. 630 Apr 14


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