Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of structurally related drugs representing diverse therapeutic classes share, among a number of pharmacological properties, enhancement of tumor growth in several rodent models of malignancy. One common action, the inhibition of histamine binding to and catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, is highly correlated with potency to enhance tumor growth. Among members of this drug ensemble, the antiestrogen tamoxifen has been shown in controlled clinical studies to increase the incidence of uterine and gastrointestinal cancer and to accelerate the course of gastric cancer, and the tamoxifen analogue clomiphene has been linked to neuroblastoma and the tricyclic group of antidepressants to ovarian cancer. The determination of drug affinities for protein modulators of cell growth, proliferation, and transformation suggests a strategy for identifying at least some classes of chemicals that impart oncologic risks to humans.
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PMID:Enhancement of tumor growth by drugs with some common molecular actions. 864 28

Gangliosides such as GD3, GM2, and GD2 are abundantly expressed on the cell surfaces of various malignant cells, suggesting the potential for anti-ganglioside antibody therapy for tumors. Anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody treatment is currently undergoing clinical trials for melanoma and neuroblastoma. We previously reported high in vivo antitumor effects of anti-GM2 ganglioside antibody against lung cancer. To determine whether anti-GM2 antibody may be clinically indicated for gastrointestinal cancers, we evaluated the mRNA expression of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase, a GD3 synthase, and beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta1,4 GalNAc-T), a GM2/GD2 synthase, in gastrointestinal cancers. We performed modified semi-quantitative RT-PCR, which reduces complexity incidental to radiolabeling on samples taken from small surgically removed clinical specimens. Stomach (19/22) and colorectal (21/30) cancers showed decreased expression of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase as compared with respective normal tissues (P < 0.05). In contrast, increased expression of beta1,4 GalNAc-T was detected in both types of tumors. Clinicopathological analysis revealed significantly higher expression level of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase in the poorly differentiated than in the well-differentiated stomach cancer group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase was significantly decreased in male as compared with female colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.05). These results suggest that expression level of GM2 ganglioside is elevated in gastrointestinal cancer, and that anti-GM2 antibody may be applicable to its treatment.
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PMID:Decreased expression of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase and increased expression of beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in gastrointestinal cancers. 1185 18

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful tool that allows digital analysis of overall gene expression patterns. SAGE provides quantitative and comprehensive expression profiling in a given cell population. Because SAGE does not require a preexisting clone, it can be used to identify and quantitate new as well as known genes. It works by isolating short fragments of genetic information from the genes expressed in the cell being studied. These short sequences, called SAGE tags, are linked together for efficient sequencing. SAGE is particularly well suited for organisms whose genome is not completely sequenced, because it does not require a hybridization probe for each transcript and allows new genes to be discovered. New modifications of SAGE now permit the analysis of gene expression in cell sub-populations or micro-anatomic structures, providing access to unexplored transcriptomes of normal and disease biology. Data derived using the SAGE technology have been used to identify tumor markers for a variety of cancers, including gastrointestinal cancer, lung and thyroid cancer, breast and ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma and glioblastoma, prostate cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. In this review we present an outline of the method and updated information on the applications of SAGE technology to various cancers.
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PMID:Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE): application in cancer research. 1517 83

Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) from high-grade malignancies, such as high-risk neuroblastoma, have been increased, and second malignant neoplasm, becomes a serious problem for CCSs. However, detailed reports about rare types of second cancer such as gastric cancer remain limited. We herein reported a female patient who developed diffuse type gastric carcinoma after 21 years from completion of treatment to high-risk neuroblastoma. We reviewed the previous cohort studies for second gastrointestinal cancer in CCSs and the case reports with second gastric carcinoma for CCSs. We presumed second gastric cancer was refractory for CCSs as well as for adult cancer survivors.
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PMID:Gastric Carcinoma as Second Malignant Neoplasm in a Survivor From High-risk Neuroblastoma. 3068 28