Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (CAT), were assayed in neuroblastoma tissues from 24 children, in human neuroblastoma tissues serially transplanted in nude mice, and in human neuroblastoma cells in culture. Among tissues from 24 children, five showed an adrenergic pattern with significant TH activity alone, seven showed a cholinergic pattern with significant CAT activity alone, and the remaining 12 specimens showed a "both-active" pattern with both TH and CAT activity. Enzymatic activities were maintained through many serial passages in vitro and in nude mice. All four specimens from children under one year of age exhibited the adrenergic pattern. In general, enzymatic activity was not correlated with degree of differentiation histologically. Among four cases of paravertebral dumb-bell type in this series, two were cholinergic, one was adrenergic, and the last was both-active. These results suggest that dumb-bell type tumors may arise from either sympathetic ganglia or dorsal root ganglia. This study supports the concept that neuroblastomas are a composite of adrenergic and cholinergic cells. Significant changes in the relative proportions of these two cell types were observed with time, and after extensive therapy. Different metastatic sites often exhibited important differences in enzymatic activity. These results help to account for clinical discrepancies between urinary VMA levels and tumor growth. Assays for TH and CAT can be useful for confirming a diagnosis of neuroblastoma, and have important potential for helping to clarify the natural history of neuroblastoma.
 ...
PMID:Tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase activity in human neuroblastoma. Correlations with clinical features. 613 77

Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) (100 microgram) induced hyporeactivity to interferon production 24, 48 and 72 hr after the injection. This hyporeactivity was eliminated by the injection of mouse brain interferon (more than 10,000 IU) 3 hr prior to the second injection of poly I:C. Even the hyporeactivity caused by the repeated administration of poly I:C was eliminated when interferon was injected 3 hr before each administration of poly I:C. It was surmised that one of the causes for the elimination of hyporeactivity may be the priming effect effect of interferon in mice. By utilizing the eliminating effect which interferon has on the hyporeactivity caused by poly I:C, the synergistically suppressive effect of interferon and poly I:C on the mortality and tumor growth in the neuroblastoma-bearing mice was found. These results suggest that the combined use of interferon and interferon-inducer may be applicable to cancers or viral diseases in humans.
 ...
PMID:Elimination of polynucleotide-induced hyporeactivity in mice treated with interferon and antitumor therapy. 618 Jan 7

The potential difference in survival and antitumor effect due to different dosage schedules of cyclophosphamide (CPM) treatment was analyzed in A/J mice inoculated with mouse neuroblastoma C 1300 Cells, which closely resembles the human neuroblastoma in its capacity of cathecolamin secretion and in response to chemotherapy. 10(6) neuroblastoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously on the back, and when the tumor grow to 1.0-1.5 cm in diameter, treatment with CPM was started. Until the observation of death, tumor size, peripheral neutrophil number and CFU-C (colony-forming unit in culture) in bone marrow and spleen were measured periodically. In the first experiment, the anti-tumor effect of CPM in one dose ranged from 100 mg to 400 mg/kg was studied. The anti-tumor effect was closely correlated with the dose of CPM given intraperitoneally, however the survival of mice inoculated with higher dose of CPM (300 mg or 400 mg/kg) were significantly shorter than that of control, suggesting that these groups resulted in chemotherapy death. To learn exact anti-tumor effect of the higher doses, bone marrow rescue was performed in these groups received 300 mg or 400 mg/kg of CPM, in the second experiment. Infusion of 5-10(6) syngeneic bone marrow cells 12 hours after the inoculation of CPM resulted in the prolongation of survival; mean survival of the group without bone marrow rescue was 5 days, and that with bone marrow rescue was 60 days. However this procedure was not a potentially curative treatment modality. In the third experiments the effect of intermittent inoculation of sublethal dose of CPM (200 mg/kg) was studied. Inoculation of the drug at the interval of 2 weeks resulted in the longest survival, and those at the shorter interval induced chemotherapy death. In the following experiment, 200 mg/kg of CPM was given in 4 divided doses for 4 consecutive days at the interval of 2 weeks, and the anti-tumor effect was compared with that observed in the group received one single dose. There observed no significant difference in survival time between 2 groups, however the latter procedure (one single dose) was more effective for the control of tumor growth. Furthermore, hematological analyses revealed that the recovery of granulopoiesis was significantly earlier in the group with one single dose than that with 4 divided dose, which was confirmed by granulocyte count and CFU-C analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Effect of cyclophosphamide on neuroblastoma and the bone marrow function in the experimental studies]. 636 46

Compensatory renal growth has been observed following contralateral nephrectomy in man and in certain animals. In a recent study of murine Wilms' tumor, tumor growth was observed to be affected by contralateral nephrectomy; therefore, a murine renal cell adenocarcinoma and neuroblastoma were evaluated. Comparison of tumors in sham-nephrectomized animals to tumors in mice who had undergone unilateral nephrectomy showed no significant increase in tumor weights. However, the contralateral kidney in the uninephrectomized animals had increased in weight as compared to that in tumor-bearing intact mice and the kidneys removed at uninephrectomy. This study demonstrates that factors influencing compensatory renal growth do not affect all renal tumors or other solid tumors.
 ...
PMID:Effect of unilateral nephrectomy on tumor growth of the murine renal cell adenocarcinoma and neuroblastoma. 650 97

Ten children with advanced neuroblastoma were treated with regimens containing cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP-regimens). Six cases had been refractory or had evidenced inadequate response to previous chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide and adriamycin or vincristine, and radiotherapy. Clinical response was evaluable for 9 cases. Complete response was obtained in 2 cases, partial response in 2 cases, minor response in 2 cases, no change in 1 case and progressive disease in 2 cases. Six of these 9 cases had 2nd look surgery after several CDDP-regimens. Complete resection of tumor was possible in 1 case, subtotal resection in 4 cases and partial resection in 1 case. In an additional case whose clinical response was impossible because of absence of palpable tumor, the tumor had completely disappeared by the time of surgery. Three cases have survived for 5 months, 5 months and 28 months respectively without clinical evidence of tumor, 2 cases for 9 months and 12 months, respectively, with tumor. Four cases died of progressive tumor growth at 9 months, 10 months, 10 months, and 59 months, respectively. One case died of pneumonia at 10 months without clinical evidence of tumor. These results are far better than in our previous experience. Nephrotoxicity was observed in all cases, but it was tolerable in all cases including 3 heminephrectomized children. Hypomagnesemic, hypocalemic tetany was observed in 1 case. This complication was ameliorated by administration of magnesium gluconate. Mean +/- standard deviation of the lowest serum concentration of calcium and magnesium during this medication was 9.75 +/- 0.76 mg/dl and 1.39 +/- 0.44 mg/dl, respectively, against 7.56 +/- 1.64 mg/dl and 0.90 +/- 0.29 mg/dl without the medication, respectively. CDDP is concluded to be against neuroblastoma and its toxicity is tolerable. Magnesium gluconate administration is essential for prevention of tetany.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of advanced neuroblastoma with regimens containing cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum--effect and toxicity]. 653 99

Proliferation and death were measured in cultures of mouse neuroblastoma N18TG -2 and rat glioma C6BU -1 cells when treated with up to 100 micron retinoidal butenolides (RB 1-6). The number of viable cells in each case was measured with various concentrations of the compounds, of which RB-3 (5-hydroxy-4-[2-(2,6,6,-trimethyl-l- cyclohex en-l-yl) ethenyl ]-2(5H)- furanone ) was the most potent in destroying the cells after 2 days' incubation. ED50 of RB-3 was about 5 X 10(-7) M for both types of cell. RB-3 was 80 times more potent than retinoic acid. Ten analogues of RB-3 had a similar inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in N18TG -2 cells. The degenerative changes caused by RB-3 in C6BU -l cells were irreversible even when the cells were exposed to it for 2 h. Tumor weights of N18TG -2 cells that had been inoculated subcutaneously onto the backs of A/J mice were 30-40% lower than those of untreated controls after 14 days of single daily i.p. injections of RB-3 doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight. The results indicate that RB-3 is cytotoxic in murine tumor cells originating from the nervous system and has an inhibitory effect on neuroblastoma-tumor growth in mice.
 ...
PMID:Cytotoxic action of retinoidal butenolides on mouse neuroblastoma and rat glioma cells. 672 42

C-1300 murine neuroblastoma ( MNB ) contains the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway. This study investigated manipulation of this pathway for effects on cell growth and survival in tumor-bearing mice, and to correlate these findings with specific membrane-bound dopamine-binding activity. The dopamine antagonists domperidone, pimozide, and spiroperidol inhibited macromolecular synthesis in vitro as demonstrated by decreased [3H]TdR and [14C]leu incorporation in a dose-response fashion; 56, 49, and 43% inhibition was noted at 10(-6) M concentration of each drug, respectively, with no loss of cell viability. Dopamine agonists showed no significant inhibition. Scatchard analysis of dopamine binding was consistent with a single class of receptor sites with a mean concentration of 13.2 +/- 2.0 pmole/g wet weight of tissue and mean dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.69 +/- 0.38 nM, compared to a mean receptor concentration of 28.1 +/- 5.2 pmole/g wet weight of tissue and Kd = 0.38 +/- 0.09 nM in receptor-rich dog caudate nucleus, the normal control. A/J mice injected with 1 X 10(6) tumor cells and treated with daily pimozide or domperidone had a significant increase in disease-free survival when compared to controls (15 versus 8.5 days, P less than 0.001) as well as a significant increase in overall survival (35 versus 25 days, P less than 0.001). These data suggest that dopamine antagonists inhibit macromolecular synthesis in the C-1300 MNB . The inhibition of MNB tumor growth in vivo by dopamine antagonists suggests a specific chemotherapeutic approach to neuroblastoma, possibly mediated by dopamine receptors.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of murine neuroblastoma growth by dopamine antagonists. 672 21

Injection (s.c.) of 2 X 10(5) S20Y neuroblastoma cells into adult A/J strain mice regularly produced a higher incidence of progressive, lethal tumor growth. In contrast, successful tumor growth was significantly less frequent (P less than 0.001) when the same number of tumor cells were injected into neonatal A/J mice. A significant number (P less than 0.001) of matured mice that had rejected the initial S20Y cell inoculum as neonates were able to reject 2 subsequent challenges with S20Y cells.
 ...
PMID:Response of mature mice to challenge with neuroblastoma after inoculation with neuroblastoma cells as neonates. 716 74

The effect of heroin on tumor growth and survival time was studied in mice with neuroblastoma. Daily SC injections of either 3, 6, 10, 15 mg/kg heroin were initiated either 2 weeks prior to tumor cell inoculations (pre-treated groups) of 10(6) S20Y cells or one week after tumor transplantation (post-treated groups); control animals received saline injections prior to tumor cell inoculation (saline-tumor group). Heroin administration that began prior to tumor cell inoculation was effective in inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging life-span at all dosages utilized, but a dose-related response was not observed. A prolongation in mean survival time of 32-39% and median survival time of 8-50% was found in tumor-bearing animals of the pre-treated groups in comparison to mice in the saline-tumor group. Tumor growth was retarded in mice pre-treated with heroin, but mean tumor size of these animals was comparable to controls on the day of death. Only one post-treated group, 6 mg/kg, was observed to have alterations in tumor growth and survival time. Heroin's action in retarding tumor growth and prolonging life-span was blocked by concomitant of an opiate antagonist (naloxone, 10 mg/kg). These results suggest that, in addition to heroin's analgesic and behavioral properties, this opiate may have an even greater biologic significance by modulating neoplasia.
 ...
PMID:Heroin prolongs survival time and retards tumor growth in mice with neuroblastoma. 727 85

C1300 neuroblastoma, like human neuroblastoma, elicits an immune response in its host and as a result provides an animal model in which to study the enigmatic behavior of this common childhood tumor. Since the liver is a favored site for neuroblastoma metastasis, especially the favorably regressing IV-S stage, and since the liver is a known producer of immunoregulatory factors, this study report a systematic assessment of liver cell tumor cell interaction, the effect on tumor immunogenicity, and the potential for tumor growth control. Immunization-excision-challenge assays in 120 A/J mice with C1300 demonstrate the tumor to be antigenic; but in a second experimental sequence with 120 mice, normal whole liver cells were admixed with C1300 tumor cells in vitro and incubated for one hour prior to animal innoculation. The immunogenicity is dramatically minimized in the admixture group when compared with controls (antigenic ratio = 1.67 versus 3.07, p less than .02). However, if prior to such liver cell-tumor cell admixture the liver cells are sonicated and the lysate ultracentrifuged, a contrasting result is obtained. In 4 additional experiments utilizing 120 mice, the tumor cell is rendered a more potent immunogen following soluble fraction admixture (antigenic ratio = 1.99 versus 1.56, p less than .05). These data suggest that such whole cell and subcellular soluble factor immunoregulatory interactions are operative in determining immunogenicity of a tumor innoculation. We speculate that the progression or regression of clinical neuroblastoma within the liver may be similarly influenced since a host-tumor interaction depends on eliciting an antitumor response to an antigenic stimulus.
 ...
PMID:The liver and immunoregulation of neuroblastoma growth. 727 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>