Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adriamycin is a new anticancer antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against solid tumours. The results obtained with this agent in 159 patients with histologically confirmed advanced metastastic malignancies are reported. Encouraging results were obtained in patients with sarcomas of bone and soft tissue (12/22). Response was also seen in mesothelioma (3/9) and lung cancer (5/15). A variety of other neoplasms was also treated and results obtained in neuroblastoma, testicular tumours, stomach carcinoma, breast cancer and nephroblastoma are reported. Treatment is discussed, with reference to response rates and toxicity. Results in 72 patients with advanced breast cancer, who received adriamycin in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are presented. Seventeen patients with primary liver cancer were also treated with adriamycin. To date, this is the only chemotherapeutic agent that appears to significantly improve survival times in patients with this resistant form of cancer. The prophylactic use of adriamycin against osteogenic sarcoma is also discussed.
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PMID:Adriamycin in the treatment of cancer. 125 Dec 78

Nuclear Medicine offers screening methods for oncology such as bone and bone marrow scintigraphy. During the last two decades, special procedures have gained widespread application. This paper is centered around the "tumor-specific" radiopharmaceuticals. In patients with thyroid cancer, I-131 still plays a significant role. Ga-67 still has its indications in lymphoma, while in other diseases Tl-201 chloride is now the agent of choice. Especially in thyroid cancer, Tl-201 has proved to be a reliable tumor imaging radiopharmaceutical. More recently, Tc-99m MIBI was introduced for tumor imaging. Tc-99m HMPAO may also be used for tumor scintigraphy, especially in brain lesions. In addition, I-123 IMP has successfully been used for imaging malignant melanoma. Another promising field of tumor diagnosis is receptor imaging. In neuroblastoma and malignant pheochromocytoma, I-131/123 mIBG is the radiopharmaceutical of choice and may be considered as a receptor imaging agent also. First clinical results with In-111 octreotide show potentials as somatostatin-receptor radiopharmaceutical in insulinoma, islet cell carcinoma, medullary and lung cancer, while I-123 estradiol needs some improvement until it may be recommended as diagnostic tool in breast cancer. Since 1978, radiolabeled poly- or monoclonal tumor antibodies and their fragments have gained widespread application. Especially the Tc-99m 225.28S melanoma antibody, I-131 or Tc-99m CEA and In-111/I-131 labeled OC-125 antibodies have proven to be of clinical significance in melanoma, colorectal and ovarian cancer.
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PMID:The role of nuclear medicine in oncology. 138 87

In the last decade, several features have improved our knowledge of CNS paraneoplastic syndromes. Patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) and breast or ovarian cancer, but not with other tumors, harbor an antibody against Purkinje cells (called anti-Yo). Clinical features of anti-Yo positive and negative PCD are similar but the latter may have a less progressive clinical course with occasional remissions. In addition to the association of opsoclonus with neuroblastoma, this syndrome has been identified in patients with breast or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients with opsoclonus and breast cancer have an antineuronal antibody (called anti-Ri) not present if opsoclonus is associated with SCLC or neuroblastoma. Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (PEM) is almost always associated with SCLC. Most patients present with sensory neuronopathy, limbic or brainstem encephalitis but involvement of multiple levels is usual. An antibody (called anti-Hu) against neuronal nuclear antigens is present in patients with PEM and SCLC. Autopsy studies demonstrate deposits of anti-Hu specific IgG in the neurons and a predominance of T cells in the inflammatory infiltrates. Treatment of the tumor and immunosuppressors are effective in opsoclonus whereas patients with PCD or PEM with circulating antibodies do not improve.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological advances on central nervous system paraneoplastic syndromes. 144 70

Adrenal imaging was performed using magnetic resonance (MR) was in 100 patients who had no clinical or biochemical evidence of adrenal abnormality and in 19 patients with 24 adrenal lesions (adenoma in 5, hyperplasia in 2, metastasis in 5, (lung cancer in 1, hepatoma in 4) adrenal cancer in 1, pheochromocytoma in 3, neuroblastoma in 3). Normal adrenal glands showed intermediate intensity between muscle and liver, and were detected in over 90% of cases on T1-weighted images (T1-weighted SE, inversion recovery). Adenomas and hyperplasias had the same intensity as normal glands. Medullary masses showed extreme hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and could be differentiated from cortical masses. Neuroblastomas were detected as hyperintense tumors with intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis on T2-weighted MR images. Metastatic adrenal tumors from lung cancer were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, while metastasis from hepatoma showed low intensity on the same pulse sequence. In diagnosing adrenal metastasis, we must compare and contrast the tumor intensity and structure with those of the primary lesions. MR is considered a useful modality in characterizing adrenal tissue.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal gland]. 179 51

The serum and cerebrospinal fluid of a patient (NB) with subacute cerebellar degeneration were found to contain a novel antineuronal autoantibody (anti-Nb). Using this antibody, we have identified and characterized antigens present in a subset of neurons in the CNS and in some neuroectodermal tumor lines. Anti-Nb antibody bound to antigens of Mr 150, 120, and 65 kDa in Western blots using extracts of human cerebellar Purkinje cells or human cerebral cortical neurons. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated relatively specific binding of anti-Nb IgG to Purkinje cells in sections of human cerebellum and to some neocortical neurons, especially those in layer VI. Because of the association of cerebellar degeneration with occult malignancies, we screened a number of tumor cell lines for immunoreactivity to anti-Nb antibody; only tumor lines of neuroectodermal origin (melanoma, small-cell lung cancer, and neuroblastoma) expressed the Nb antigen. Anti-Nb antibody thus identifies neuronal and tumor cell antigens that appear to be unique in size and distribution of expression.
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PMID:Antiserum from a patient with cerebellar degeneration identifies a novel protein in Purkinje cells, cortical neurons, and neuroectodermal tumors. 185 Dec 15

Constitutional chromosome abnormalities that may predispose a group of individuals to develop certain neoplasms have been reported for some human solid tumors. Deletions of 13q in retinoblastoma, 11p in Wilms' tumor, 1p in neuroblastoma, 3p in renal cell carcinoma, 5q in colorectal carcinoma and 22q in meningioma are examples of such anomalies. In breast carcinoma, a specific cytogenetic defect has not been conclusively identified. We have studied Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes of 76 breast cancer patients, 68 predisposed family members, 40 controls, and 30 additional controls with lung cancer to determine whether nonrandom chromosome defects are present. From each sample 100, G-or Q-banded metaphase spreads were studied for rearrangements. A marked clustering of alterations in the long arm of chromosome no. 1 (q11-22) was seen in breast cancer patients and in some predisposed family members. Alterations in 1q were present in 1% to 3% of metaphases, and included translocations to chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 21 and the X; deletion of 1q, or pericentric inversion. Twelve out of 62 (19.3%) familial cases, 3 out of 14 (21.4%) sporadic cases, 9 out of 68 (13.2%) predisposed cases and 2 out of 40 (5%) control cases showed 1q alterations. None of the 30 lung cancer patients showed chromosome 1 anomaly in this region. This is consistent with the reports on primary breast tumor tissues, cell lines and pleural effusions where 1q defects have been reported. We conclude that chromosome 1q rearrangement might be one of the primary lesions specifically associated with the development of breast cancer.
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PMID:Chromosome anomalies in human breast cancer: evidence for specific involvement of 1q region in lymphocyte cultures. 188 38

We compared cisplatin (cis-DDP) and two of its analogues, carboplatin (JM8, CBDCA) and iproplatin (JM9, CHIP) for their ability to retard the growth of multicellular tumour spheroids. The spheroids were derived from two human tumours, a neuroblastoma and a non-small-cell lung cancer. To produce a given level of regrowth delay in lung cancer spheroids, carboplatin and iproplatin were required at concentrations approximately 10 times that of cis-DDP. In the neuroblastoma spheroid experiments, iproplatin and cis-DDP produced the same level of regrowth delay when iproplatin was present at a concentration greater than 10 times that of cis-DDP. Carboplatin also required much higher concentrations than cis-DDP to produce equivalent regrowth delay in neuroblastoma. The dose-response curve produced by carboplatin on neuroblastoma spheroids displayed a pronounced shoulder in the low-dose region; this phenomenon was not seen with cis-DDP. These findings may have implications for the clinical use of these drugs and in particular would support a role for carboplatin in the treatment of lung cancer, since total free-drug exposure of patients to carboplatin may be up to 16-fold greater than with cis-DDP. However, one must be cautious about generalizing on the basis of results from only two cell lines as well as applying in vitro data to clinical situations.
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PMID:The relative effectiveness of analogues of cisplatin in the experimental chemotherapy of human non-small-cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma grown as multicellular spheroids. 253 68

Serum autoantibodies found by radioimmunoassay in 27 of 52 patients with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LES) bound specifically to a soluble omega-conotoxin binding component of a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) complex extracted from small cell lung carcinoma (SCC). These antibodies were not found in 43 control patients with other neurologic diseases, including myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathies, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or in 9 patients with endocrine autoimmunity, but they were found in 2 of 21 control patients with SCC without a history of LES, 1 of whom had severe autonomic neuropathy. Seropositivity was more frequent in patients with LES who had evidence of a primary lung cancer (76%) than in those with other neoplasms or without evidence of cancer (30%). Antigens extracted from SCC tumor lines derived from patients with and without LES and from a human neuroblastoma line yielded results that were highly correlated. A control extract of colonic carcinoma (derived from a patient with LES) yielded negative results. The data implicate a tumor-associated VGCC as the autoimmunizing stimulus in a subset of patients with LES and provide the first direct evidence that the VGCC complex in SCC is a target for some LES antibodies. The serologic test described should be a useful aid in diagnosing LES.
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PMID:Autoantibodies bind solubilized calcium channel-omega-conotoxin complexes from small cell lung carcinoma: a diagnostic aid for Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. 255 95

With the aid of a highly specific murine monoclonal antibody, F12, an immunofluorescence method was elaborated that allowed sensitive and specific detection of the ganglioside antigen fucosyl-GM1 (IV2FucII3NeuAcGgOse4Cer) in different types of human lung cancer and normal tissues. Nineteen of 21 cases of small cell lung cancer were positive with the F12 immunofluorescence method as compared to 2 of 10 squamous epithelial cell lung cancers and 1 of 5 large cell lung cancer specimens. Specimens of lung adenocarcinoma (8 cases) and bronchial carcinoid (3 cases) were all negative, as were 2 examined cases of neuroblastoma. No fucosyl-GM1 could be detected in normal lung and bronchus. However, in thymus, spleen, and lamina propria of the small intestine sparsely distributed clusters of small round cells were stained as well as intramural ganglionic cells of the small intestine and islet cells of the pancreas. All other normal tissues tested were negative. Results obtained with immunofluorescence closely agreed with immunochemical determination of fucosyl-GM1 in lipid extracts of tissues. Our findings suggest that fucosyl-GM1 is strongly associated with small cell cancer of the lung and demonstrate that this tumor-associated antigen can be detected with high sensitivity and specificity with an immunofluorescence method based on the use of the F12 monoclonal antibody.
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PMID:Immunohistological detection of fucosyl-GM1 ganglioside in human lung cancer and normal tissues with monoclonal antibodies. 264 49

Bone-marrow autotransplantation consists of the administration of extremely high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation followed by "rescue" with autologous, cryopreserved, bone-marrow cells. This approach can produce responses unattainable with conventional doses of similar agents. Bone-marrow autotransplantation is increasingly being done. This report summarises data from 2570 patients receiving autotransplants at 43 centres worldwide for haematological malignancies and solid tumours; more than 50% of these transplants were done since 1984. Most transplants were performed for treatment of lymphoma, leukaemia, lung cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and breast cancer. Preliminary analyses indicate favourable responses in some tumour types and provide a basis for future investigations.
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PMID:Bone-marrow autotransplantation in man. Report of an international cooperative study. 287 40


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