Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The various stages of divergent neuroepithelial differentiation were studied in the solid transplants of a transplantable mouse testicular teratoma (OTT-6050) maintained in both ascitic and solid forms. They included: a) areas of undifferentiated medullary epithelium corresponding to the rare human medulloepithelioma; b) areas of neuroblastic differentiation corresponding to neuroblastoma, with more mature neuronal differentiation corresponding to ganglioneuroma or, when mixed with glial elements, to ganglioglioma; and c) more mature neuroglial areas resembling astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or ependymoma, as well as more primitive areas corresponding to ependymoblastoma. In tissue culture using collagen-coated coverslips, astrocytic differentiation was found in the outgrowth zone after 15 days, confirmed by immunofluorescence with antibodies to an astroglia-specific protein. In organ culture systems, glial components, including ependymal structures, were preserved in tumor explants, and astrocytic differentiation, as expressed by glial fiber formation, was increased after 4 to 6 weeks in vitro. No neuronal differentiation was demonstrable, however. The neuroepithelial component of this experimental teratoma may provide a model for the study of neoplastic neuroepithelial differentiation.
 ...
PMID:An experimental mouse testicular teratoma as a model for neuroepithelial neoplasia and differentiation. I. Light microscopic and tissue and organ culture observations. 16 76

We describe a case of cerebellar neuroblastoma with histologic documentation of maturation into a ganglioglioma sixteen months later. Only chemotherapy was administered following the initial surgery and the child is well and disease-free three years following her final surgical procedure. The outcome of this patient supports previous hypotheses that the cerebellar neuroblastoma may be a less malignant tumor than its other primitive neuroectodermal posterior fossa counterparts. Furthermore, this case suggests a role for second-look surgery in the management of selected pediatric brain tumors.
 ...
PMID:Differentiation of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor into a benign ganglioglioma. 146 Apr 86

Calcineurin is one of the calmodulin binding proteins and a Ca2+-dependent and calmodulin-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphatase. We used antisera to the calcineurin as a cell-type-specific marker in order to identify neuronal cells in the rat brain and human neoplasms. In normal rat brain slices, basal ganglia were stained macroscopically, and other areas such as cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, cerebellar cortex, granular layer and pyramidal tract of the spinal cord were lightly identified as well. Under the light microscope, it was found that only the neuronal cells were stained, and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and vessels were not. Intracellular distribution of the staining showed various patterns and staining intensity of varying degree. Using the PAP method, localization of the calcineurin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were studied in 65 human intracranial neoplasms, and in 11 human extracranial neoplasms. The neuronal elements of neuroblastoma, ganglioglioma, ganglioneuroma and retinoblastoma were clearly stained. In contrast, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, neurinoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, hemangioblastoma, hamartoma, lymphoma and mesenchymal tumor were all negative. Two cases out of 5 medulloblastomas were stained, but others were not. Although positive tumors disclosed various staining patterns and intensities, these results indicated that calcineurin could be a new neuronal marker in human brain tumors.
 ...
PMID:Calcineurin as a neuronal marker of human brain tumors. 242 51

Monoclonal antibodies that recognize either neurofilaments or glial filaments were used with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method to retrospectively study 100 tumors of the central and peripheral nervous systems in paraffin-embedded sections. Only neoplasms of putative neuronal origin or with presumed neuronal differentiation (paraganglioma, ganglioglioma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, neuroblastoma, ovarian teratoma and pheochromocytoma) contained tumor cells with immunoreactive neurofilament, but such cells were more common in the more differentiated or benign neoplasms in this category. Glial filament immunoreactivity was observed in tumor cells of glial origin and in tumor cells with foci of glial differentiation arising within the central nervous system, consistent with findings from previous studies using anti-glial-filament antisera. With the exception of a benign cystic teratoma, no glial filament immunoreactivity was observed outside the central nervous system. Some immunoreactive neurofilaments, but not glial filaments, were arranged in presumably abnormal balls, cords, or clumps within tumor cells, possibly reflecting cytoskeletal alterations related to neoplastic transformation. These findings indicate that monoclonal antibodies against intermediate filament proteins such as neurofilaments and glial filaments retain their specificity and sensitivity when employed in paraffin sections in conjunction with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. They suggest that such reagents are useful probes for the evaluation of the histogenesis or degree of differentiation in human nervous system tumors. Finally, they permit the speculation that the analysis of the intermediate filaments of tumor cells, as contrasted with those in normal cells, may provide new insights into the biology of neoplasms.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study of human central and peripheral nervous system tumors, using monoclonal antibodies against neurofilaments and glial filaments. 653 79

A report is given demonstrating the maturation of a neuroblastoma of the cerebellum and its transformation into a ganglioglioma. In a male infant statomotor retardation was diagnosed at the age of 6 months. 9 months later, he developed symptoms indicating a cerebellar neoplasm. Craniotomy showed a vermian tumor which was classified histologically as a neuroblastoma. 51/2 years after the first operation, a control CT scan revealed a recurrence which showed light and electron microscopically the structure of a ganglioglioma. The child is now 8 years old and develops relatively well. On the basis of this observation and of the limited data published in the literature, it is suggested that, with the aid of light microscopy, it is possible to distinguish neuroblastomas from common medulloblastomas what is of practical importance because neuroblastomas seem to have a better prognosis. However, differential diagnostic criteria need further precision. Problems of the nosological placement of neuroblastomas and their histogenetic relationship to medulloblastomas are discussed. The statement of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the CNS that neuroblastomas correspond to grade IV cannot be accepted generally.
 ...
PMID:[The neuroblastoma of the cerebellum]. 663 85

A nodular neuroblastoma was partially removed from the cerebellar vermis of a 15-month-old boy. Postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy were performed. More than 5 years later, re-operation revealed a mature ganglioglioma. Problems relating to the maturation of ganglionic tumors are discussed. The present case emphasizes that it is not justified to regard all neuroblastomas of the central nervous system as highly malignant neoplasms (grade IV).
 ...
PMID:Morphology and biology of cerebellar neuroblastomas. 667 76

The monoclonal antibody UJ 127-11 was raised following immunization of mice with human foetal brain and subsequent somatic cell hybridization of spleen cells with the mouse myeloma cell line P3-X63-Ag8-653. Studies on normal foetal and adult tissues show that, by indirect immunofluorescence, the antigen recognized by UJ 127:11 is restricted in its expression to cells of neural rather than glial origin. Neural tumours such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and ganglioglioma (neural component) bind the monoclonal antibody whereas malignancies originating from glial cells do not bind UJ 127:11. Biochemically the monoclonal antibody has been shown to bind to a glycoprotein of 220,000-240,000 mol. wt. under reducing and non-reducing conditions. Despite similarities in the molecular weight between human fibronectin and the antigen recognized by UJ 127:11, they have different serological and biochemical characteristics, suggesting that the monoclonal antibody is not binding to either cell or plasma fibronectin.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibody UJ 127:11 detects a 220,000-240,000 kdal. glycoprotein present on a sub-set of neuroectodermally derived cells. 682 47

The pathology of an unusual intracranial neuroectodermal tumour of the neuron series in described and its possible histogenesis discussed. The tumour, in a child aged 5 years with an enlarged head since infancy, presented as a large solid intra-cerebral mass. Histological examination showed four types of cells; (i) the stroma, forming the bulk of the tumour, was astrocytomatous; (ii) lobules of ill defined cells bearing small circular nuclei, representing immature neuroblasts: (iii) the same of other lobules containing neurons in various stages of development; and (iv) dense clusters of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei attempting rosettes, representing an overtly malignant neuroblastoma. This tumour was designated "ganglioglio-neuroblastoma" and probably originated from a slow growing ganglioglioma.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral ganglioglio-neuroblastoma: an unusual brain tumour of the neuron series. 706 25

Immunohistochemical analysis of five paraffin wax-embedded neoplasms was performed to elucidate the characteristics of bovine nervous-tissue tumours. In case 1 (peripheral neuroblastoma), the neoplastic tissue was characterized by the formation of true and Homer-Wright rosettes and the existence of neuron-specific enolase. The neoplastic cells were possibly more immature than those of common neuroblastomas, because similar features are observed in human malignant neuroepitheliomas. The neoplastic cells in case 2 (ganglioneuroblastoma) ranged from large cells with abundant neurofilaments to immature small cells, rarely with neurofilaments or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Such expression suggests the presence of pluripotential cells. The neoplastic tissue in case 3 (anaplastic ganglioglioma) was strikingly polymorphous, and had five elements; neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, spindle cell and small oval cell. The neoplastic neurocytes and astrocytes were, respectively, characterized by neurofilament and GFAP positivity. The neoplastic oligodendrocytes made a honeycomb appearance, and the neoplastic spindle cells and small oval cells were considered to be less differentiated. The tumours of cases 2 and 3, which contained poorly differentiated cells and revealed both neuronal and glial differentiation, may be specific to calves. In case 4 (schwannoma), almost all the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, while S100-negative fibroblasts were present in many areas of case 5 (neurofibroma). These two tumours were readily distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study of peripheral neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, anaplastic ganglioglioma, schwannoma and neurofibroma in cattle. 796 22

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is a clinicopathologically unique group of tumors, mostly located in the temporal lobe, associated with intractable complex partial seizure in young patients. We report two unusual cases with multifocal involvement of diverse sites in the central nervous system. Case 1 is that of a 50-year-old man with 9-year history of grand mal seizures, who died of acute myocardial infarction. Case 2 is that of a 10-year-old girl with intractable complex partial seizures and behavioral disorder. Postmortem examination in case 1 showed multifocal tumor in the left temporal lobe, third ventricle, and basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance imaging in case 2 showed tumor in the right temporal lobe, both thalami, right cerebellar hemisphere, and pons. Histologically, both tumors were characterized by a multinodular appearance with a predominant component of alveolar arrangement of oligodendroglial-like cells around delicate capillaries, with mucoid matrix containing floating ganglion cells. There were also astrocytic nodules resembling pilocytic astrocytoma in case 1, and a gangliocytoma-like area merging with surrounding cortical dysplasia in case 2. Ultrastructural examination showed ganglionic differentiation in the oligodendroglial-like cells in case 2. They possessed dense core neurosecretory granules and many slender neuritic processes with microtubules arranged in parallel and terminating in synaptic junctions. The periventricularly located tumor with nodular extension to the periphery suggests an origin from subependymal germinal matrix with nests of primitive neuroblasts arrested in their embryonal migration. DNTs are related to ganglioglioma based on their common location and clinical behavior and on the presence of both ganglionic and astrocytic cells. They are also related to pilocytic astrocytoma by morphological and behavioral similarity. Together with cerebral neuroblastoma and central neurocytoma, they form a spectrum of tumors harboring small neuronal cells. The differentiation of DNT from oligodendroglioma is important so as to avoid unnecessarily aggressive therapy.
 ...
PMID:Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. A tumor with small neuronal cells resembling oligodendroglioma. 817 75


1 2 Next >>