Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three independent hybrid cell lines were isolated from the fusion of clonal lines of embryonal carcinoma and neuroblastoma. A series of subclones was subsequently derived from the original hybrid clones. In early hybrid generations all hybrid lines showed enhancement of alkaline phosphatase activity, expressing 2--8 times the activity of the teratoma parental line. The overexpression of APase appears to take place in the stationary phase of the growth cycle. Segregation for very high levels of APase activity was observed among subclones of one hybrid line. Specific activities of the segregants ranged from 0.1 to 133. Results of heat denaturation studies are consistent with the hypothesis that it is the embryonal carcinoma APase that is being expressed in the hybrids.
 ...
PMID:Enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase in hybrids between neuroblastoma and embryonal carcinoma. 60 81

The expression of the genes in the human HOX2 locus has been studied during differentiation of two human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y and Kelly), a human glioblastoma (251-MG), and the murine F9 embryonal carcinoma cell lines. Cells were differentiated with retinoic acid (RA), or with RA together with dibutyral cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in order to assess the changes in the expression patterns of these homeobox genes during neuronal differentiation. We show that the genes of the HOX2 locus are expressed in a complex transcription pattern that varies with cell type. The two uninduced neuroblastoma cell lines show a similar pattern of expression for a number of HOX2 genes although the levels of expression are different for individual cell lines. The embryonal carcinoma cell line F9 expresses low levels of several HOX2 genes which is restricted to the 5' region of the HOX2 cluster. The glioblastoma cell line, 251-MG expresses almost all of the genes of the HOX2 locus. Differentiation of these cells modulates the expression of the HOX2 genes in a manner that is dependent upon the cell type as well as the differentiation factor. Differentiation affects both the level of HOX2 gene expression and the distribution of transcript sizes. In conclusion, our analysis reveals a complex pattern of expression for the genes of the HOX2 locus in neuronal and glial cells and suggests that the cell-specific expression of these genes may be correlated with the phenotypic differences that are observed between different neuronal and glial cell populations within the nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Modulation of HOX2 gene expression following differentiation of neuronal cell lines. 136 Apr 33

Necdin is a polypeptide sequence encoded by neural differentiation-specific mRNA derived from embryonal carcinoma cells. We have examined the expression of necdin and its mRNA in cultured cells and mouse brain by Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Among various established cell lines including neuroblastoma and glioma cells, only differentiated embryonal carcinoma cells (P19 and F9) expressed necdin mRNA. Necdin immunoreactivity was localized in the nuclei of differentiated neurons derived from P19 cells. Necdin mRNA was detected throughout brain regions of adult mouse; the relative abundances in the hypothalamus and midbrain were the highest, whereas those in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum were the lowest. In developing mouse brain, necdin mRNA was expressed during early periods of neuronal generation and differentiation, and the peak levels were attained during postnatal days 1-4. Necdin immunoreactivity was not detected in the neural stem cells on embryonic day 10, but was concentrated in the nuclei of brain cells, mostly neurons, at advanced stages of differentiation. The majority of differentiated neurons in the brain had necdin-immunoreactive nuclei on postnatal day 33. Thus, necdin may represent a valuable molecular marker for differentiated neurons both in vitro and in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Expression of necdin, an embryonal carcinoma-derived nuclear protein, in developing mouse brain. 139 72

From the human teratocarcinoma-derived cell line PA-1, we established a clonal line, PA-1/NR, that stably produced a distinct cellular arrangement of neural rosettes when cultured as in vitro multicellular spheroids for 3 weeks. On immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses, PA-1/NR cells in monolayer expressed the neuroectoderm-associated antigens HNK-1, NC-1, and A2B5 and the neuroblastoma-associated antigens KP-NAC8 and KP-NAC10 but lacked human embryonal carcinoma antigens, SSEA-3 or K21 antigen. Here, we investigated the developmental process of rosette formation with respect to morphological features, distribution of mitotic cells, and expression of multiple lineage-related markers and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Ultrastructural examination of these rosettes disclosed a well-defined cavity radially surrounded by wedge-shaped or pseudostratified cells, apical microvilli and junctional complexes, and basal laminae and collagen fibrils at their basal surface. In these rosettes, many proliferating cells were detected by the immunohistochemical staining of cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine. PA-1/NR spheroids consistently displayed neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein, and vimentin but not glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament proteins, or myelin basic protein. The rosette formation accompanied a strikingly polarized and overlapped deposition of ECM components including tenascin-carrying HNK-1 epitopes, laminin, type IV collagen, heparan, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Immunoblotting analyses showed that laminin B1 and B2 chains were constitutively expressed, whereas a fully assembled form of laminin and type IV collagen appeared only after spheroid development, suggesting that these ECM components play a morphogenetically important role in rosette formation. Close similarities between these rosettes and the neural tube of humans and experimental animals in the morphogenetic process and ECM formation lead us to propose that the PA-1/NR spheroids provide an in vitro model for the study of the earliest stage of human neurogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Neural rosette formation within in vitro spheroids of a clonal human teratocarcinoma cell line, PA-1/NR: role of extracellular matrix components in the morphogenesis. 202 44

Activin/EDG, a stimulator of the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from pituitary gland and an inducer of erythroid differentiation for Friend leukemia cells, has since been implicated in a variety of biological roles. Here, we show some novel effects of activin on murine embryonal carcinoma cells (EC cells). First, activin acts as a growth factor on undifferentiated P19 cells, a well characterized EC cell line for the study of mammalian development. Second, activin inhibits the retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiation of P19 cells to neurons and glial cells. The inhibitory effect of activin on neural differentiation, which has yet to be proved in other physiological peptides, is confirmed also on the differentiation of various neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results suggest a possible role of activin as a negative regulator of neural differentiation in mammalian development.
 ...
PMID:Activin/EDF as an inhibitor of neural differentiation. 225 14

Mouse neuroblastoma and teratocarcinoma constitute adequate cellular systems to study the expression of tubulin isoforms during early as well as later steps of neuronal differentiation. Tubulin heterogeneity is extensively analyzed using both isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Multipotential embryonal carcinoma cells express mainly one alpha-tubulin isoform (alpha 1) and three beta-tubulin isoforms: a major one (beta 3) and two minor ones (beta 4 and beta 5). Early events of neuronal differentiation are shown to induce the expression of an additional beta-tubulin isoform, beta'1, which is encoded by a specific mRNA. Neurite extension further increases tubulin heterogeneity and leads to the appearance of post-translationally modified isoforms: beta'2 in neuroblastoma and alpha 2 in teratocarcinoma cells. beta' 2 is shown to derive from the above mentioned beta'1 by phosphorylation, while alpha 2 is probably an acetylated form of the common alpha 1-tubulin. These results show that specific changes in tubulin heterogeneity are induced at different steps of neuronal differentiation and are controlled both at the transcriptional (or post-transcriptional) and post-translational levels.
 ...
PMID:Control of isotubulin expression during neuronal differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma and teratocarcinoma cell lines. 365 24

Antitumor activity of Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) against malignant brain tumors was investigated from both experimental and clinical points of view. With glioma and neuroblastoma cell lines we studied inhibition of cell growth was studied and DNA histogram analyzed with flow cytometry to determine its antitumor activity in vitro. At the concentration of 1.25 micrograms/ml, DNA accumulation is S or G1-S phase and mild inhibition of cell growth were demonstrated; at the concentration of 12.5 micrograms/ml, cessation of cell cycle was observed. In the clinical study, four glioma patients were treated by intravenous administration of Cisplatin 10 mg/sqm for 5 days q 4 weekly. There were one complete response, one minor and two stable responses. Three patient with intracranial embryonal carcinoma were treated by cisplatin. One patient showed partial response and the others were stable.
 ...
PMID:[Antitumor activity of cisplatin against malignant brain tumors]. 608 69

Murine extra-embryonic endodermal cell lines derived from either teratocarcinomas or mouse embryos contain a cytoskeletal protein (Endo A) of Mr = 55,000. Endo A was immunoprecipitated from [35S]methionine-labeled lysates of three parietal endodermal cell lines, A presumptive visceral endodermal cell line, and a fetal hepatoma cell line, but not from fibroblasts, myoblasts, erythroleukemic cells, neuroblastoma cells, keratinocytes, or embryonal carcinoma cells. Embryonal carcinoma cells induced to differentiate by exposure to retinoic acid synthesized increased amounts of Endo A approximately 48 h after exposure to the inducer. Two-dimensional gel analysis of immunoprecipitated samples confirmed that Endo A is distinct from vimentin and murine keratinocyte proteins recognized by two different keratin antisera. Comparison by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated Endo A labeled with either [35S]methionine or [32P]orthophosphate indicated that the multiple forms of Endo A resolved by isoelectric focusing were due, at least in part, to phosphorylation. Serine was identified as the phosphorylated amino acid. Endo A was the only major antigenic protein found in a parietal endodermal cell line which was recognized by a monoclonal antibody prepared by other investigators against trophoblast cytoskeletons. The results indicate that Endo A, like the previously described Endo B protein, is distinct from other cytoskeletal proteins and will be useful as a marker of the differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma cells to extra-embryonic endoderm.
 ...
PMID:Developmental expression of murine extra-embryonic endodermal cytoskeletal proteins. 617 20

An assay to determine the mechanism of regulation of embryonal carcinoma cells by the blastocyst, which is based on a comparison of tumors produced when the cancer cells are cloned alone or after incorporation into blastocysts, was refined by labeling embryonal carcinoma cells with fluorescent microspheres and by following their fate after injection into the blastocysts. Through the use of the new techniques, it was observed that cells of one line of nullipotent embryonal carcinoma were controlled at the 50% level, those from another were not controlled, and those from a multipotent but undifferentiated line were controlled in almost absolute fashion. Single Sarcoma 180 of L1210 leukemia cells were not controlled when injected into the blastocele, but C1300 neuroblastoma cells were partially controlled. None of these tumors have a normal cellular counterpart in the blastocyst, as does embryonal carcinoma, but neurulation follows blastulation by only a few days, so that the neuroblastoma cells may be regulated at that time. Parietal yolk sac carcinoma cells, which have a counterpart in the late blastocyst, were not controlled. On the basis of these data, it is postulated that, if one embryonic field can regulate its closely related cancer, then there may be an embryonic field capable of regulating each carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Specificity of the control of tumor formation by the blastocyst. 627 73

Attempts were made to prepare monoclonal antibodies specifically reactive with cell surface components of a murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro 2a. One of the antibodies (1c2) reacts with a varying proportion of in vitro cultivated Neuro 2a cells, but does not react with murine embryonal carcinoma cell lines (PCC3/A/1 and F9) or with a murine fibroblast line (LM). This antibody selectively stains a subpopulation of nerve cells in murine adult central nervous system, e.g. granular cells in cerebellar cortex. Immunoaffinity purification of adult brain and Neuro 2a plasma membrane fractions with the antibody resulted in an electrophoretically pure protein of approx. 28 kD molecular weight as estimated by SDS-PAGE. Although this antigen is absent from PCC3/A/1 embryonal carcinoma cells, it can be demonstrated after 9 days of growth and differentiation under low density conditions by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. This monoclonal antibody may prove useful in further analysis of neural tissue development.
 ...
PMID:Detection of a nerve-specific membrane protein on differentiating PCC3/A/1 cells. 653 39


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>