Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Incidence patterns and trends, in children, of individual types of non-reticulo-endothelial solid tumours and of all cancers combined (including leukaemia and lymphoma) were analysed. The study included 3360 cases diagnosed in residents under 15 years of age of the North Western Regional Health Authority area of England during 1954-1988. Log-linear modelling identified significant increases of juvenile astrocytoma (average quinquennial increase 15%) in males, of medulloblastoma (19%) and neuroblastoma (17%) in females, and of non-skin epithelial tumours (18%) overall, and a significant decrease of unspecified malignant neoplasms around 1974 by approximately 80%. The chi 2 trend test identified significant increases in gonadal germ cell tumours and skin cancers, and borderline significant increases in craniopharyngioma and hepatoblastoma. The incidence of all cancers combined increased significantly in those aged under 1 year (8%), 1-4 years (5%) and 10-14 years (8%). Age-sex patterns were similar to those in other Caucasian populations. Studies of incidence trends can provide the basis for investigations of the aetiology of childhood cancers.
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PMID:Patterns and temporal trends in the incidence of malignant disease in children: II. Solid tumours of childhood. 783 9

Pediatric tumors which are conventionally considered to be small round cell tumors (SRCTs) include the prototypical neuroblastoma as well as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), Ewing's sarcoma (ES), malignant lymphoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Other malignancies may be considered in the differential diagnosis such as small-cell osteogenic sarcoma, undifferentiated (anaplastic) hepatoblastoma, granulocytic sarcoma, blastemal type Wilms' tumor, and desmoplastic small-cell tumor of the peritoneum. The cytomorphologic features of conventional SRCTs is presented as well as the utility of ancillary studies performed on the aspirated material in making a specific and correct diagnosis. The role of the immediate cytologic assessment of the aspirate is stress, since this is a critical step in formulating an initial diagnostic impression that should prompt the need for additional material for pertinent ancillary studies. Although challenging, FNA cytology of SRCTs of childhood can be diagnostic in the majority of cases, allowing specific therapy to be given to patients with unresectable SRCTs without a tissue biopsy as well as documenting recurrent and/or metastatic disease.
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PMID:FNA biopsy of small round cell tumors of childhood: cytomorphologic features and the role of ancillary studies. 805 Mar 33

Detection of an abdominal mass in a child is an alarming finding for both parent and practitioner. Diagnostic studies including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging provide an accurate diagnosis in most cases. The current treatment of Wilms' tumor results in an 85% to 90% survival. Hepatoblastoma and neuroblastoma often present in an advanced stage and require preoperative chemotherapy before resection is attempted. Improved survival for children with these tumors awaits better detection, chemotherapy, and understanding of the biology of their growth.
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PMID:Abdominal tumors in infancy and childhood. 825 25

Review of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears from 121 pediatric patients with intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal lesions revealed 42 (34.7%) cases of neoplasms, 35 (28.9%) cases of tuberculosis, 12 (9.9%) cases of non-tuberculous inflammations, 4 (3.3%) cases of benign cystic lesions, and 28 (23.1%) inadequate/inconclusive cases. The age of the patients ranged from 20 days to 18 yr. Ultrasound and/or CT study done in 105 cases localized the lesions in following common sites: lungs (19 cases), mediastinum (22 cases), liver (14 cases), intestines (11 cases), and lymph nodes (17 cases). The neoplastic lesions consisted of 39 malignant, one suspicious, and two benign neoplasms. Among the neoplasms, the small round cell tumors were the most frequent (27 cases), followed by germ cell tumors (eight cases) and miscellaneous neoplasms (seven cases). The common small round cell tumors were non-Hodgkins lymphoma (eight cases), hepatoblastoma (seven cases), neuroblastoma (five cases), and nephroblastoma (three cases). A combined clinical, imaging, and FNA cytology approach was found to be useful in arriving at a tissue diagnosis.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal lesions: review of experience in the pediatric age group. 826 43

Cytologic features of a rare case of small cell undifferentiated ("anaplastic") hepatoblastoma are presented. The tumor cells were primitive and closely resembled the group of "small blue cell" pediatric neoplasms--neuroblastoma, lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. This particular subtype of hepatoblastoma is the least common and is associated with the worst prognosis.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology of undifferentiated small cell ("anaplastic") hepatoblastoma. A case report. 838 12

This article highlights the surgeon's role in childhood cancer especially as it relates to local control of solid tumors, research, and surgical supportive care. There is a trend toward preresection chemotherapy, and rarely, radiotherapy. This may allow safer, less extensive, and function-preserving delayed resection in neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, bone tumors, and nephroblastoma in selected patients without negatively affecting outcome. Ultimately, complete resection for most tumors, even advanced neuroblastomas, significantly improves survival. Organ transplantation allows complete resection with good survival in children with otherwise nonresectable liver tumors. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, resection should not be attempted, except for localized disease and if complete resection is possible. Second-look procedures have limited value in lymphoma, but have an important role in germ cell tumors. The differentiation of typhlitis from appendicitis is critical in the neutropenic patient to avoid life-threatening complications. Studies of venous access devices show a clear benefit of totally implantable devices in preventing dislodgment and decreasing the rate of infection. Neuroblastoma models are fertile soil for research into tumor biology and novel treatment modalities. Surgeons continue to play crucial roles in childhood oncology.
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PMID:Pediatric surgical oncology. 839 39

The author presents sonomorphological characteristics of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and M. Hodgkin abdominis, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma at the time when the diagnosis was established. The objective of the investigation was to increase the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonic diagnosis of the mentioned malignant tumours of the abdomen and retroperitoneum during the first sonographic examination.
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PMID:[Sonographic image of the most frequent abdominal and retroperitoneal malignant tumors in childhood]. 840 42

c-fos and jun belong to the immediate early response genes (IERG) that initiate phenotypic changes in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. In the present study, we examined whether hypoxia induces IERG expression in isolated cells. Experiments were performed on pheochromocytoma-12 (PC-12), hepatoblastoma (Hep3B), neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells that were exposed either to normoxia (21% O2) or to hypoxia (5% O2) for one hour. mRNAs for c-fos, c-jun, junB, junD were analyzed by northern blot assay. Increases in IERG mRNAs were seen in PC-12, Hep3B, and fibroblasts but not in neuroblastoma cells. Significant induction of c-fos mRNA was seen with hypoxic exposure as short as 15 min and the effects persisted at 10 h of low pO2 exposure. Hypoxia stimulated transcription from a 356 bp fragment of the c-fos promoter linked to a choloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter in PC-12 but not in neuroblastoma cells. Fetal bovine serum, however, activated c-fos promoter both in PC-12 and neuroblastoma cells. These results demonstrate cell type selective mechanisms for c-fos promoter activation that require nucleic acid sequences with in the first 356 bp of the c-fos promoter. These observations suggest that increased IERG transcription is one of the early events in genomic adaptations to hypoxia.
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PMID:Cell selective induction and transcriptional activation of immediate early genes by hypoxia. 859 88

Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), which provides information regarding both the tissue and the blood flow simultaneously in real time, is a relatively new and noninvasive technique for the evaluation of organ perfusion. The authors investigated the usefulness of CDUS in the detection of tumor thrombus in 34 children who had malignant tumor (21 neuroblastomas, 2 Wilms' tumors, 5 hepatoblastomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, and 4 others) who underwent CDUS between April 1992 and March 1995 in our department. The CDUS showed tumor thrombus in four patients (11.8%). Three thrombi (in one patient each with neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoblastoma) were situated in the inferior vena cava, and one (in a patient who had hepatoblastoma) in the portal vein. Each tumor thrombus was monitored and followed up using CDUS every month during the entire clinical course; two of the four thrombi remained despite intensive treatments. The authors have found CDUS to afford rapid and noninvasive detection of tumor thrombus, and it proved useful not only in the detection of tumor thrombus but also in its follow-up in these children who had malignant tumor.
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PMID:Detection of tumor thrombus in children using color Doppler ultrasonography. 934 85

Solid malignant tumours (n = 263) excluding brain and spinal cord tumours in children up to 14 years of age were studied. Retinoblastoma (27%) constituted the largest group followed by Wilms' tumour (14.1%) and lymphoma (13.7%). Most patients (55%) were of less than 5 years age and maximum incidence of embryonal tumours was found in this age group; other tumours were more frequent in higher age. A male preponderance was noted (male to female ratio as 1.6:1). Amongst lymphoma, 61% were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rest were Hodgkin's disease; 2 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma were found. Other notable tumours encountered in the study were embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 14), hepatoblastoma (n = 9), neuroblastoma (n = 7), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 21), osteogenic sarcoma (n = 19) and germ cell tumours (n = 14).
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PMID:Pattern of solid malignant tumours in children--a ten-year study. 935 72


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