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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of thoracic neuroblastoma with extension into the supraclavicular fossa is described. By physical examination and ultrasound the patient was thought to have a cystic hygroma with mediastinal extension. A 'cystic' neck mass may be the initial presentation of a mediastinal neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Thoracic neuroblastoma presenting as a cystic hygroma. 305 48

The sonograms and medical records of 49 patients were reviewed to determine if there is a characteristic sonographic appearance for certain neck masses. Neck masses included: inflammatory masses (12), noninflammatory masses (23), and thyroid masses (14). Four entities including thyroglossal duct cyst, fibromatosis colli, cystic hygroma, and multiple lymphadenopathy showed characteristic sonographic appearance. Thyroglossal duct cysts were seen as midline or slightly off midline cystic masses. A sinus tract extending superiorly was nicely demonstrated in one patient. The mass in fibromatosis colli (neonatal torticollis) appeared as a well defined mass clearly within the sternocleidomastoid muscle, uniformly echogenic, but less echogenic than the normal surrounding muscle, without good through-transmission. A cystic or primarily cystic mass with linear septations was the characteristic finding of the cystic hygroma. Multiple lymphadenopathy demonstrated multiple discrete, oval, relatively hypoechoic masses along the cervical lymphatic chain. The sonographic appearance of inflammatory masses was variable, being either inhomogeneously echogenic or of mixed echogenicity. Hemangiomas were either echogenic with cystic vascular spaces or linear septations or relatively homogeneously echogenic. Intrinsic thyroid masses could be distinguished from extrinsic masses in most cases. The demonstration of calcification in a mass was useful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Although it is not a specific finding, the presence of calcification highly suggests a neoplastic lesion, particularly neuroblastoma or teratoma. Not only can the location, extent, and internal characteristics of a mass be determined, but in certain entities, the sonographic appearance is characteristic and an accurate diagnosis can be made.
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PMID:Sonography of neck masses in children. 351 42

Fifty cases of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis found in Japanese infants are reported. Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis is associated with various pathological conditions, twin transfusion syndrome including acardiac monsters, fetal heart diseases, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, pulmonary sequestration, pulmonary lymphangiectasia, intrauterine infections such as cytomegalovirus infection and neonatal hepatitis, congenital neuroblastoma, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, cystic hygroma, and chromosomal aberrations. The mechanism of hydrops fetalis found in these conditions is discussed from various viewpoints. Despite a careful examination, no causative conditions were found in 14 cases. The placenta showed a proliferation of Hofbauer cells that were strongly positive for immunoreactive alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and there were other common findings such as edema of terminal villi and fibrin thrombi.
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PMID:Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis: a clinicopathological study of 50 autopsy cases. 360 17

Differential diagnosis of sonographically detected fetal neck tumours is difficult. The sonographic criteria for encephalomyelocele, lymphangioma/hygroma, teratoma, sarcoma, haemangioma, neuroblastoma and goitre are given on the basis of the authors' own observations and information from the literature. Elevation of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid is a frequent but non-specific finding. Chromosome analysis after amniocentesis can be a useful supplementary procedure for assessing the prognosis and deciding upon the delivery procedure. Sonographic detection of a tumour in the fetal neck region enables preparations to be made for dystocia and postnatal dyspnoea of the newborn. The obstetrician must cooperate closely with paediatricians, neurologists, surgeons and ENT specialists.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of sonographically detected tumours in the fetal cervical region. 389 70

Cervical teratomas have been defined and one new case is now added to the 116 cases previously reported. We have been able to find only six reports of malignant teratoma in the literature so far. The problem of diagnosis and obstetric management are discussed briefly. The incidence of appearance of the tumor is described and the likelihood of hydramnios or of acute obstructive symptoms of the trachea and esophagus at birth are discussed. The differential diagnosis includes cystic hygroma, congenital goitre, bronchial cyst, lymphangioma, neuroblastoma, parotid tumor and carcinoma of the thyroid. The object of this review is to present a synoptic description of these tumors, their clinical manifestations, management, treatment and prognosis, so that it may afford the attending obstetrician a guideline in understanding this rare entity.
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PMID:Malignant cervical teratoma of the fetus. 704 36

Masses in the inguinal canal other than hernias are rare occurrences, and their preoperative diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. A soft, partly reducible groin mass in a 3-month-old boy proved to be a cystic lymphangioma within the inguinal canal. A 15-month-old female who presented with an irreducible inguinal mass was found to have a neuroblastoma metastasis in the groin. An irreducible groin mass in a 6-year-old female proved to be an inguinal canal epidermal inclusion cyst. A 14-year-old female presented with a painful groin swelling that represented an incarcerated hemorrhagic ovarian cyst. An awareness of the wide spectrum of entities other than the standard bowel, testicle, and ovary in the inguinal canal can help to identify uncommon pathologies preoperatively.
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PMID:Unusual findings in the inguinal canal: a report of four cases. 1052 14

We report a rare case of a subdiaphragmatic cyst, diagnosed prenatally during routine ultrasound screening at 25 weeks' gestation. Serial ultrasonographic evaluation demonstrated a slight increase in the size of the cyst during pregnancy. On the basis of the anatomic site and the sonographic features of the lesion, four diagnostic hypotheses were postulated: cystic neuroblastoma, adrenal hemorrhage, duplication of the inferior third of the esophagus and retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma. A healthy baby, weighing 3300 g and with Apgar scores of 8 and 9, was delivered vaginally at term. He underwent successful surgery at the age of 3 months. The post-operative course was uneventful and the baby is currently doing well. Histology revealed a bronchogenic cyst.
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PMID:Prenatal diagnosis of a bronchogenic cyst in an unusual site. 1077 16

The authors report the case of a male neonate presenting with a heterogeneous cystic mass in the right renal area with no identifiable renal unit. The diagnosis of right perirenal extracapsular uro-haematoma secondary to posterior urethral valve was proposed on the basis of the antenatal clinical history. The late discovery at 39 weeks of amenorrhoea (pregnancy not followed) of a foetus with trabeculated bladder associated with left ureteropelvic dilatation, and a cystic mass occupying the right lumbar fossa was highly suggestive of right urinoma secondary an infravesical obstacle. In this case, vaginal delivery was probably responsible for intracystic bleeding of the urinoma. The postnatal morphological assessment including ultrasound, retrograde cystourethrography and MRI confirmed the presence of a posterior urethral valve complicated by right uro-haematoma displacing the right kidney and left ureteropelvic dilatation. This lesions corresponds to a collection of urine and blood in the right perirenal space due to caliceal or parenchymal perforation secondary to raised urinary tract pressure above an obstacle. Subcapsular or extracapsular perirenal urinoma, sometimes detected in neonates with posterior urethral valve, reflects protective decompression of the urinary tract (safety valve effect), as in our case. The neonatal diagnosis of a heterogeneous renal cystic mass is sometimes difficult (polycystic renal dysplasia, cystic lymphangioma, cystic neuroblastoma, adrenal haematoma). In some cases, the antenatal history may suggest the diagnosis of perirenal urohaematoma secondary to infravesical obstruction.
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PMID:[Neonatal uro-haematoma secondary to posterior urethral valve]. 1582 95

The purpose of this retrospective review of the charts of 6 children who underwent surgical treatment of chylous ascites refractory to conservative measures between 1993 and 2006 was to evaluate the efficiency of fibrin glue application for control of lymph leakage. Five children had postoperative chylous ascites (neuroblastoma, 4; cystic lymphangioma, 1) and 1 had a congenital malformation. Surgical exploration revealed large areas of diffuse lymphatic leakage in all of the patients. Lymphatic fistula was not identified intraoperatively in any patient. Ingestion of lipophilic dye in a concentrated fatty meal was not helpful in locating a lymph fistula. Absorbable mesh was used in association with glue application in the last 3 patients treated. Control of ascites was achieved immediately in 2 patients and within 3 weeks in 2 patients. Repeat surgery was required in the remaining 2 patients. The mean follow-up time was 4.3 years. One patient died of tumor recurrence 12 months after surgical treatment without relapse of the ascites. Two mild late recurrences were observed at 6 and 11 months after surgery and were managed conservatively. The findings of this study show that fibrin glue application on absorbable mesh after dissection of the leakage zones is easy, safe, and effective. We recommend that surgery with glue application be repeated until control of ascites is achieved. We suggest fibrin glue application as a preventive measure against postoperative chylous ascites.
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PMID:Fibrin glue application in the management of refractory chylous ascites in children. 1836 70

Neck masses are frequently encountered in pediatric medicine, and can present a diagnostic dilemma for the clinicians involved. There are several means by which neck masses in children can be subdivided, for example by age at presentation, anatomical location including compartments and fascia of the neck, their classical appearance when imaged, or by etiology. When imaging children the clinicians must be mindful of radiation exposure and as such ultrasound (US) is often attempted first. Cross sectional imaging can be helpful for problem solving with CT being particularly useful for assessing the patient in more acute scenarios, for example when there is airway compromise. Nuclear medicine scintigraphy has a role in specific circumstances and can aid in staging in the presence of malignancy. If required, additional acquisition by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can be considered. This pictorial review describe the diagnostic imaging of (I) congenital and Developmental Pathologies, including thyroglossal duct cyst, branchial cleft cyst, cystic hygroma, dermoid cyst, thymic cyst and ectopic thymus; (II) neoplastic lesions, including hemangiomas and vascular malformations, pilomatrixoma, neurofibroma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer, lymphoma & leukemia; (III) neck masses of Infective causes, including lymphadenitis, retropharyngeal and peritonsilar abscess, salivary gland inflammation; and (IV) other miscellaneous lesions, including ranula, sternocleidomastoid fibromatosis coli, and goiter. Neck masses are common in the pediatric population with a broad and varied differential; malignant etiologies are less frequently encountered when compared with adults but an awareness of its potential is important when reviewing imaging.
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PMID:Diagnostic imaging of benign and malignant neck masses in children-a pictorial review. 2794 80


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