Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activated platelets and stimulated endothelial cells express P-selectin, an integral membrane protein receptor that binds monocytes and neutrophils. P-selectin mediates adhesion to glycoproteins with carbohydrate structures containing sialyl-Lewis X. Since many carcinoma cells also express these carbohydrate structures and are known to interact with platelets, we asked whether P-selectin may mediate this interaction. Both small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma cell lines bound to activated platelets, and this interaction was blocked with inhibitory anti-P-selectin antibodies and by pretreatment of these cancer cells with neuraminidase or trypsin. Platelet binding to the small cell lung cancer cells was not inhibited with anti-GP IIb-IIIa antibody or Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide. Pretreatment of the neuroblastoma cells with inhibitors of N-linked carbohydrate biosynthesis had little effect on binding to P-selectin, indicating that relevant carbohydrate ligand(s) may be O-linked. In addition, lipospheres containing P-selectin specifically bound to cryostat sections derived from a small cell lung tumor and two neuroblastoma tumors, but not to sections of normal lung. These observations demonstrate that P-selectin mediates binding of platelets to small cell lung cancer and to neuroblastoma and suggest a possible role for this lectin in metastasis.
 ...
PMID:P-selectin mediates adhesion of platelets to neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer. 768 63

We reported a case of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. A 63-year-old man was admitted to Kenwakai Hospital with rapidly progressing symptoms, including lumbago, whole body pain, vertigo, nausea, and anorexia. He became bed-ridden because of severe vertigo and truncal ataxia. Five days after admission, he developed opsoclonus followed by myoclonus and mild disturbance of consciousness, but he showed no appendicular ataxia or pyramidal tract sign. He was treated with prednisolone, 40 mg/day, which was effective for disturbance of consciousness, but opsoclonus and myoclonus persisted. He died of liver dysfunction and ventricular fibrillation 3 weeks after onset. Blood examination revealed high LDH (1,106 IU/l), Al-P, and gamma-GTP titers. Tumor markers were normal except for increase NSE activity (129 ng/ml). The cerebrospinal fluid showed normal cell count, 63.9 mg/dl of protein, 7.3 mg/dl of IgG, and normal glucose. A cranial CT scan showed an old lacune only. Chest rentgenogram and CT scan revealed mediastinal and hilar lymph node enlargement. An abdominal CT scan showed multiple low density masses in the liver. Small cell lung cancer associated with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome was suspected. Western blot analysis revealed that his serum reacted with protein in the cerebellum, cerebrum, and dorsal root ganglion with a molecular weight of 77 kDa. This is the first time such an antibody was ever been detected in patients with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. The molecular weights of the antigens previously found by the serum of patients with this syndrome, were 55 kDa and 80 kDa in patients with breast cancer, and 210 kDa in patients with neuroblastoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[A case of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome associated with anti-central nervous system antibody]. 782 Sep 64

The clinical value of neuron-specific enolase as a marker is small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, melanoma and seminoma has been reviewed. The role of serum and cerebrospinal NSE in benign and malignant disease of the central nervous system is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Neuron-specific enolase. 783 97

The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), a member of the immunoglobulin gene super-family mediating homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a neuroendocrine system, is preferentially expressed in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Immunoprecipitation of a panel of SCLC cell lines by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for N-CAM detects mainly the 145-kDa isoform. This result was correlated with Northern blotting where a single 6.2-kb mRNA was detected in nine SCLC cell lines. To determine cDNA sequence encoding the N-CAM isoform, we selected several cDNA clones encoding N-CAM isolated from OS2-R, a SCLC cell line established in our laboratory. Based on the analysis of the full-length cDNA obtained from two clones, the sequence of this 145-kDa isoform was shown to be essentially identical to that of the 140-kDa N-CAM isoform of neuroblastoma except for a single base pair changed at position 1620 without changing amino acid encoded.
 ...
PMID:Complementary DNA sequence encoding the major neural cell adhesion molecule isoform in a human small cell lung cancer cell line. 807 73

We developed an IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody (ONS-M21) directed against a cell surface antigen of medulloblastomas and gliomas in immunisation of mice with the ONS-76 medulloblastoma cell line. The antibody specifically reacted with medulloblastomas, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumours (SPNETs) and gliomas, but not with other neuroectodermally derived tumours (neuroblastoma and melanoma) or with other kinds of tumours (meningioma, neurinoma, leukaemia, and small cell lung cancer). No reactivity was identified with normal body tissues, including peripheral blood cells. Characterisation of the ONS-M21 antigen showed that it was a trypsin-sensitive glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 80 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The pattern of reactivity and the biochemical properties of this antigen were different from those of other markers of medulloblastoma. These results indicate that ONS-M21 detects a new tumour-associated cell surface antigen specifically expressed by medulloblastomas, SPNETs, and gliomas. This is the first report that medulloblastomas may share common cell surface antigens with gliomas, although most studies have concluded that medulloblastoma has a predominantly neuronal phenotype. The lack of reactivity with normal tissue implies that ONS-M21 has potential applications as both a diagnostic tool and a therapeutic agent.
 ...
PMID:Characterisation of a new mouse monoclonal antibody (ONS-M21) reactive with both medulloblastomas and gliomas. 821 97

The anti-Hu antibody is associated with a paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuronopathy (SSN) described in cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The Hu antigen is a pan-neuronal nuclear antigen with a molecular weight of 35-40 kDa. In this study we demonstrated the presence of the paraneoplastic Hu antigen in different neuroblastoma cell lines. We showed that by indirect immunocytochemistry the serum of patients with SSN and SCLC reacts with the nuclei of neuroblastoma cell lines SKN-SH and LAN-1. Western blot analysis of nuclear extracts from neuroblastoma cell lines SKN-SH, IMR-32 and LAN-1 confirmed the presence of the Hu antigen in these neuroblastoma cell lines. By comparing the immunocytochemical method and the Western blot analysis we were able to determine that the Western blot analysis was a more sensitive test. Screening of the sera of a large population (a total of 122 patients with SCLC, 17 with paraneoplastic disorders as well as 121 controls with other neurological disorders) was performed and showed all 5 of the patients with SSN and SCLC to be positive for the anti-Hu antibody, whereas only 11 of the 122 SCLC patients and none of the controls were positive, thereby suggesting that this test has a very high degree of sensitivity.
 ...
PMID:Sensory neuronopathy and small cell lung cancer: antineuronal antibody reacting with neuroblastoma cells. 839 93

IMR32, a neuroblastoma cell line, and CADO LC6, a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line, extended neurite-like processes when cultured on fibronectin (FN)-coated surfaces or cultured in a serum-free medium. Monoclonal antibodies against the integrin beta 1 subunit inhibited this process formation, suggesting that their morphological change is initiated by beta 1 integrin-dependent signal transduction to the cell interior. Anti-phosphorylation level of a 100-kDa protein, but not 125-kDa focal adhesion kindase, correlated well with the morphological change in both cell lines. This 100-kDa protein phosphorylation did not accompany FN-induced morphological changes in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts or A549 adenocarcinoma cells. These findings suggest that neuroblastoma and SCLC may share beta 1 integrin-mediated signaling events distinct from nonneuronal cells.
 ...
PMID:A 100-kDa protein tyrosine phosphorylation is concurrent with beta 1 integrin-mediated morphological differentiation in neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer cells. 883 61

A mouse monoclonal antibody RNL-4, as well as rabbit polyclonal antiserum POL-8 were raised against a synthetic peptide, encompassing the first twenty unique amino-terminal amino acid residues of NSP-C. The specificity of both immunoreagents was established in an ELISA assay using the synthetic peptide and by their immunoreactivity to NSP-C fusion proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis of COS-1 cells, transfected with NSP-C cDNA, showed staining of the endoplasmic reticulum with RNL-4 and POL-8. No cross-reactivity of these reagents with NSP-A or NSP-B was seen. Immunohistochemical studies in normal human tissues showed expression of NSP-C in tissues of neural and neuroendocrine origin, i.e. neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system, the neurohypophysis, adrenal medulla, adenohypophysis, pars intermedia, and in sporadic neuroedocrine cells of the lung. Expression of NSP-C was found in several small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines, in non-SCLC cell lines with neuroendocrine features, but not in typical non-SCLC cell lines. Also, in a neuroblastoma cell line NSP-C expression was observed. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation studies with RNL-4 and POL-8 identified the 23 kDa NSP-C polypeptide in these cell lines. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that also in these cell lines NSP-C is located at the endoplasmic reticulum, as shown before for NSP-A and NSP-B. In some of the cell lines coexpression of NSP-A and NSP-C was observed, while in others only one of the two could be detected. The differential expression of NSP-A and NSP-C in these cell lines is confirmed by immunoblotting and was also evident at the mRNA level. When NSP-A and NSP-C were coexpressed, the number of NSP-C-positive cells was always less than the number of NSP-A-positive cells. A partial colocalization of NSPs was observed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell fractionation studies revealed that both proteins are retained in the membranous fraction of the cell, from which they can be solubilized by Triton X-100. Immunoprecipitation analyses under native conditions indicate that NSP-C does not need to associate with NSP-A to form high molecular weight NSP-reticulons.
 ...
PMID:Neuroendocrine-specific protein C (NSP-C): subcellular localization and differential expression in relation to NSP-A. 890 Apr 85

The international workshop on metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and radiolabeled somatostatin analogs held in Rome in June, 1994 addressed a wide range of topics which might be classified into five broad general themes: Theme 1. The role of MIBG for the location of neuroendocrine tumors. A) The range of tumors in which MIBG scintigraphy is effective (pheochromocytomas, neuroblastoma, chemodectoma and other APUDomas). B) The increasing popularity of 123I as a radiolabel for MIBG (potential advantages in planar and SPECT imaging). C) MIBG as the prototype of a family of radiopharmaceuticals exploiting the biogenic amine uptake and storage mechanisms. (Other radiohalides 124I, 125I, 87Br, 211At, 18F; other PET radiopharmaceuticals such as 11C-epinephrine, 11C-hydroxyephedrine). Theme 2. The role of MIBG as an in vivo scintigraphic probe of the sympathetic nervous system. A) Cardiac sympathetic innervation (in cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and as a prognostic index for cardiac transplantation). B) Pulmonary MIBG uptake as index of pulmonary endothelial/sympathetic function (MIBG by both the intravenous and inhaled routes of administration). Theme 3. MIBG for the radiopharmaceutical therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. A) Treatment of neuroblastoma early in the natural history of the disease (MIBG therapy as initial management, MIBG therapy combined with other modalities--e.g., chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation). Theme 4. The role of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs for the location of neuroendocrine and other tumors. A) The range of tumors in which somatostatin receptor radiopharmaceutical scintigraphy is effective (pituitary tumors, central nervous system tumors, carcinoids, islet cell tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, APUDomas). B) The superiority of 111In over 123I as a radiolabel (the future of potential 99mTc and other labels). C) Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in autoimmune and other disorders. D) Pentetreotide as the prototype of a wide range of radiolabeled peptides as radiopharmaceuticals for the in vivo depiction of the receptors for peptide hormones, lymphokines, paracrine and other information transmitting molecules (the general concepts include the use of long-acting, slowly degraded analogs and the development of generally applicable labeling techniques. Examples include 123I-ANF, labeled interleukins and other lymphokines). Theme 5. Comparisons of MIBG and pentetreotide scintigraphy for the location of neuroendocrine tumors. A) The range of neuroendocrine and other tumors (e.g., pheochromocytomas, neuroblastomas, carcinoids, islet cell tumors and other APUDomas).
 ...
PMID:Ten years of experience with MIBG applications and the potential of new radiolabeled peptides: a personal overview and concluding remarks. 900 76

Topotecan (Hycamtin; SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA), a camptothecin analog, is a novel and specific inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I. In preclinical studies, topotecan demonstrated significant in vitro activity in a variety of solid tumor explants derived from colorectal, breast, ovarian, renal cell, non-small cell lung cancer, and gastrointestinal sources. Notable activity was also demonstrated in vivo in a wide range of animal tumor models. A large number of phase I studies with topotecan have been conducted since 1992 in both adults and children with a broad range of refractory malignancies and as many as 14 different dosing schedules. Complete, partial, or minor responses were demonstrated in patients with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The antitumor activity of topotecan in these phase I evaluations was associated more often with frequent or continuous dosing schedules compared with less frequent or short exposure schedules. Maximum tolerated doses were predominantly dependent on the dosing schedule used. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting toxicity across all schedules, and nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild. Data from phase I studies have provided valuable information about antitumor responses, maximum tolerated doses, and dose-limiting toxicities associated with different dosing schedules. Based on this information, there was substantial enthusiasm for further evaluating topotecan in a wide range of cancer patients in phase II studies.
 ...
PMID:Review of phase I clinical studies with topotecan. 942 56


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>