Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitoxantrone was administered as a single iv injection once every 3 weeks to 84 children with advanced acute leukemia and solid tumors in a phase I trial. Dose-limiting granulocytopenia occurred at dosages greater than 18 mg/m2 in children with solid tumors, while hospitalization for febrile episodes occurred in nine of 12 patients with acute leukemia receiving dosages greater than 24 mg/m2. Six children developed evidence of cardiac dysfunction, including three instances of congestive heart failure. No other significant toxicity was noted. Complete responses were seen in one child with neuroblastoma metastatic to bone, one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and four with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
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PMID:Phase I trial of mitoxantrone in children. 385 68

During a 4-year period, 26 children with systemic malignancies suffered cerebrovascular accidents. These occurred in 17 patients with lymphoreticular malignancy and nine patients with solid tumors. They were the presenting signs of malignancy in three patients and were the direct cause of death in six. Cerebrovascular accidents were directly related to disseminated intravascular coagulation in eight patients, to chemotherapy in eight patients, to metastatic tumor in three patients, to thrombocytopenia in three patients, and to fungal meningitis in one patient. All patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation had leukemia and at times, cerebrovascular thrombosis predated systemic or laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. This review indicates that four major syndromes are apparent in children with cancer: vascular thrombosis associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute arterial or sagittal sinus thrombosis secondary to L-asparaginase in children with leukemia, acute neurologic dysfunction in patients with osteogenic sarcoma treated with high-dose methotrexate, and obtundation, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits in patients with neuroblastoma metastatic to the torcular region. Although elevated WBC counts and thrombocytopenia occur frequently in children with cancer, in themselves they uncommonly result in strokes. It is concluded that cerebrovascular accidents are a relatively frequent cause of acute neurologic compromise in children with cancer and that certain types of malignancies and their treatment predispose patients to this complication.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular accidents in children with cancer. 386 Jul 96

The authors reviewed the case records of 1419 children with acute leukemia and other types of malignant disease involving the bone marrow to define the clinical and laboratory features associated with marrow necrosis as well as the prognostic significance of this complication. Only seven patients were found to have this abnormality: four with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), one with relapsed ALL, and two with disseminated neuroblastoma. All patients presented with severe bone pain, bone tenderness, and fever. Levels of serum lactic dehydrogenase were uniformly increased, being especially high in patients with ALL. There was no evidence of severe infection or disseminated intravascular coagulation, complications that have been causally related to marrow necrosis. Four of the five children with ALL remain in complete remission for 10+ to 48+ months. Both patients with neuroblastoma are off therapy, in remission, for 9+ to 15+ months. In contrast to earlier reports, bone marrow necrosis does not appear to confer a poor prognosis in children with malignancy.
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PMID:Bone marrow necrosis in children with malignant disease. 386 Dec 29

Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of hematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is successful in the treatment of aplastic anemia with 70-85% long-term survival. It offers 10-30% apparent cures for patients with acute leukemia who have relapsed at least once, and for those with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first chemotherapy induced remission, and for those with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60% of these patients experience long-term, disease-free survival. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia grafted in second or subsequent remission may expect a 30% "cure" of their disease. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunologic deficiencies and certain genetic storage diseases. Cures of congenital Fanconi's anemia, Blackfan-Diamond anemia, osteopetrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and thalassemia major have been achieved. Marrow transplantation is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, preleukemia, multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma. Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA-identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. More recently, marrow transplants from HLA-nonidentical family members and even from unrelated donors have been successfully explored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Marrow transplantation: the Seattle experience. 391 47

Tetanus toxin (TT) was used as a diagnostic marker for human neuroblastoma (NB) cells. TT binding sites visualized by TT and FITC-conjugated anti-TT antibodies were present on NB cells from all 13 cases studied comprising Stages II, III, IV, IVS and histologic grades 1 through 3. NB cells from both bone marrow aspirates and tumor biopsies as well as cultured NB cells were TT-positive. Diagnosis of NB was further ascertained by electron microscopy, cell culture, and quantitative determinations of catecholamines in tumor material. Only electron microscopic diagnoses had an accuracy comparable to that of TT labeling. None of the non-NB tumors (Ewing's sarcoma, acute lymphatic and myeloic leukemia, acute monocyte leukemia, chronic myeloic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, oat cell carcinoma of the lung, pheochromocytoma), except for the pheochromocytoma, were found to bind TT specifically. These results suggest that TT may be profitably employed as a diagnostic marker of human NB cells. The advantages of the methods are its high discriminative capacity against non-NB cells and rapid applicability.
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PMID:Tetanus toxin labeling as a novel rapid and highly specific tool in human neuroblastoma differential diagnosis. 400 7

The case records of 173 patients treated for cancer during childhood, free of disease at least 5 years later and free of disease in 1967 were reviewed. There were 84 boys and 89 girls. Tumor types were lymphomas, including one acute leukemia, sarcomas of the bone and soft parts, Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma and carcinomas. Among the long survivors there were clusters in the less than 1-year age group and more than twelve years. Although many of the children were well adjusted in later life, others developed emotional problems. Cancer detection in a well child population for the tumors characteristically seen in the different age groups is the responsibility of the parents and physicians rendering health supervision to the children.
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PMID:Curability of cancer in children. 437 32

Incidence rates of cancer among children aged 0-14 for the period 1970-79 have been generated with the use of data from the Greater Delaware Valley (GDV) Pediatric Tumor Registry. This population-based registry covers a 31-county area and has a pediatric base population of 2 million. During the period, approximately 2,300 cases of childhood cancer were diagnosed in the region. Incidence rates for all histologic types combined are similar to rates from other large surveys conducted in the United States and Western Europe. However, certain histology-specific rates in the GDV vary by race. In the GDV nonwhites relative to whites have higher rates of Wilms' tumor, soft tissue sarcomas other than rhabdomyosarcoma, and retinoblastoma. These contrasts are supported by surveys in African populations showing relatively higher rates of these tumors among African black children. GDV whites exceed nonwhites in incidence of acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. African black children also experience low rates of these tumors. The frequency of central nervous system tumors is similar for GDV whites and nonwhites, despite reports of a rarity of these neoplasms in African blacks. Variations in incidence rates reveal population subgroups with particular tumor susceptibilities and may provide clues as to the relative influence of heredity and environment on patterns observed.
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PMID:Incidence of childhood cancer: experience of a decade in a population-based registry. 657 21

The effects of adriamycin and daunomycin on cardiac function were studied in 33 patients with acute leukemia (16 cases), neuroblastoma (5 cases), osteosarcoma (4 cases), malignant lymphoma (3 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (3 cases) and malignant histiocytosis (2 cases). The left ventricular function was evaluated by serial echocardiographic assessment. Ejection fraction (E.F.) and shortening fraction (S.F.) of left ventricule were calculated from echocardiographic measurements. Seven of 33 cases (21.2%) revealed the decrease of E.F. and S.F. There was the significant correlation between total doses of daunomycin and E.F. Three patients died of severe congestive heart failure probably due to daunomycin administration. Usually, cardiac dysfunction caused by these drugs has improved within 3 months after the discontinuation.
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PMID:[Effects of adriamycin and daunomycin on cardiac functions]. 663

High-dose chemotherapy regimens can cure a number of otherwise incurable diseases, such as Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, acute leukemia (in remission), and breast cancer. Trials of high-dose chemotherapy have generally used autologous bone marrow transplant or peripheral blood stem cell support to ensure hematologic recovery after intensive chemotherapy and/or radiation. This report describes an approach in which high-dose carboplatin chemotherapy was followed initially by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; Escherichia coli. Sandoz-Schering, East Hanover and Kenilworth, NJ) and in subsequent patients, by both GM-CSF and repeated cycles of peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection and administration. The addition of PBPC to this regimen led to significant reductions in the duration of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, the requirement for erythrocyte and platelet transfusions, the length of hospital stay, and the use of intravenous antibiotics in this group relative to those patients who received GM-CSF alone. In addition, laboratory studies are presented that show a direct correlation between the number of progenitor cells reinfused and the duration of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The report also reviews data indicating that circulating progenitor cells are depleted by this approach. This suggests that the number of progenitor cells available for mobilization is finite. Finally, the magnitude of these effects, and their implications for future trials with repetitive cycles of dose-intensive therapy, are discussed.
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PMID:High-dose carboplatin chemotherapy with GM-CSF and peripheral blood progenitor cell support: a model for delivering repeated cycles of dose-intensive therapy. 810 54

In this study, we have investigated the clinical effectiveness of fluconazole (FLCZ) given intravenously or orally to pediatric patients with systemic fungal infections. FLCZ was administered intravenously to two patients with acute leukemia (multiple hepatosplenic candidiasis and aspergillosis) and orally to two mycosis complicated with neuroblastoma and aplastic anemia, respectively. Clinical efficacies were excellent and no side effects were observed in any patients. Pharmacokinetic analysis in 6 neonates revealed that the plasma half-life is 37-41 hours after administration of single dose of intravenous infusion of 3 mg/kg of FLCZ.
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PMID:[Clinical study of fluconazole-injectable and -granules in pediatric patients]. 818


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