Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two clones have been selected from a human fibroblast cDNA bank. By DNA sequencing the clones were shown to contain Alu elements located near the ends of the cDNA inserts. DNA of the clones was used for Northern blot hybridization analysis of a number of poly(A)-containing RNAs from normal human tissues (brain, stomach, uterus, spleen, fibroblasts) and tumors (neurinoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, liposarcoma, adrenal cortex adenocarcinoma). All RNA samples reveal a heterodisperse distribution of Alu transcripts with discrete bands in the region of 7-12 S RNA. The majority of these small poly(A)+ Alu+ RNAs contain Alu sequences only in one (canonical) orientation with functional signals including the split promoter for RNA polymerase III.
 ...
PMID:Cloning of Alu-containing cDNAs from human fibroblasts and identification of small Alu+ poly(A)+ RNAs in a variety of human normal and tumor cells. 243 58

Construction of a human cortex cDNA bank is described as well as the isolation from this bank of pBH71 and pBH3 clones with preferential expression in nervous and in tumor cells. The clones can be included into the third class of cDNA according to Sutcliff's classification. The mRNA corresponding to this cDNA class is considered to play the key role in determination of specificity of nervous tissue. Expression of the pBH71 sequence was revealed in human cortex and in tissues of different genesis (from neuroblastoma to uterus myoma), a 2 kb mRNA which corresponds to one and the same cDNA chain having been found in all tissues under analysis. The nucleotide sequence of cDNA insertion into the pBH71 clone of 447 n.p. was determined, and particular features of cDNA nucleotide composition and possible schemes of its translation were analysed. Weak homology was found between the 3'-end of cDNA insertion of the pBH71 clone and the 3'-end region of human proopiomelanocortine. The cDNA of the pBH3 clone hybridizes with the 0.8 kb mRNA revealed in human cortex and neuroendocrine tumors of different nature. No homology was revealed between the cDNA sequence of the pBH3 clone and any genes deciphered.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of sequences from human brain cDNA gene bank which are functionally active in nervous tissue and tumor cells]. 262 99

The treatment of Wilms' tumor is based on initial surgical removal followed by clinical and histologic staging. Chemotherapy provides the major adjunctive therapy in virtually all Wilms' tumors, radiotherapy being used in some situations. Exceptions to this are the treatment of bilateral Wilms' tumors and large intracaval extension. Bilateral Wilms' tumor is treated with initial biopsy and staging, adjunctive chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy and bilateral partial nephrectomy after there is maximum resolution of tumor. Similarly, extensive caval extension of tumor may be treated preoperatively with chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by resection. Nephroblastomatosis, a precursor of Wilms' tumor, is a common associated finding at exploration. It requires alteration in management and may change the prognosis. Sarcomas of the kidney and congenital mesoblastic nephroma represent the spectrum of severity of solid renal masses in children. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in children, and its prognosis is largely dependent on the age of the patient and the stage of disease. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy is adjunctive treatments have been disappointing. Immunotherapy holds some promise for the future. Testicular tumors are unusual in children. Those that occur in infancy are most often benign teratomas that require orchiectomy alone. Malignant germ cell tumors in children are most often yolk sac tumors and respond to surgery and chemotherapy. Lymph node dissection is indicated only in paratesticular rhabdomyasarcoma. Other genitourinary rhabdomyasarcomas occur in the bladder, prostate, vagina, and uterus. After maximum decrease in tumor volume with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgical exploration and resection of remaining tumor probably represent the best form of treatment. Organ-sparing procedures should be carefully selected in that they may worsen the prognosis.
 ...
PMID:New concepts in the treatment of genitourinary cancer in childhood. 267 29

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a common soft tissue tumor in children, may often be difficult to distinguish from Ewing's sarcoma, neuroblastoma, and malignant lymphomas. Confirmation of the skeletal muscle origin of RMS depends partly on the demonstration of striations in tumor cells that are usually undetectable in poorly differentiated tumors. A number of tissue markers (e.g., myoglobin and desmin) are currently being used to establish the origin of RMS. However, most of these markers lack specificity and have relatively low sensitivity. We have investigated the specificity and sensitivity of anti-skeletal muscle antibody (ASMA) from patients with myasthenia gravis in the diagnosis of childhood RMS. Out of eight cases of childhood RMS (four embryonal and four alveolar) examined, two showed striations with hematoxylin and eosin and four with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin. Myoglobin was detected in five tumors; only well-differentiated tumor cells contained myoglobin. Anti-desmin antibody and ASMA reacted with cells in all the eight tumors whether or not the tumor cells were well differentiated. Anti-skeletal muscle antibody did not react with nine lymphomas, four Ewing's sarcomas, four neuroblastomas, four osteogenic sarcomas, four lipomas, eight duct carcinomas of the breast, and eight squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Eight leiomyomas and four leiomyosarcomas of the uterus were compared for their reactivity with anti-desmin antibody and ASMA. All the tumors stained with anti-desmin antibody and none with ASMA. The results show that ASMA is useful in the diagnosis of childhood RMS and is a more sensitive reagent than anti-myoglobin antibody. Unlike anti-desmin antibody, it can distinguish skeletal muscle tumors from smooth muscle tumors.
 ...
PMID:Use of anti-skeletal muscle antibody from myasthenic patients in the diagnosis of childhood rhabdomyosarcomas. 355 41

The fibrinolytic activity of 156 malignant and 36 benign solid tumors from autopsy and biopsy specimens was studied by the fibrin slide technique. The inhibitory activity against fibrinolysis was graded according to the lysis time of vascular tissues within the tumor. The results show that all malignant solid tumors, with the exception of prostate carcinoma, demonstrated varying degrees of inhibition of fibrinolysis. Persistently high inhibitory activity was found in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, the respiratory tract, cervix uteri, and skin; carcinoma of uterus; colorectal carcinoma; small cell anaplastic carcinoma of lung; neuroblastoma, carcinoma of bile duct, while malignant tumors of the kidney show a lesser degree of inhibition. In contrast, with the exception of the hydatidiform mole, benign solid tumors show little or no inhibition. A similar absence of fibrinolytic activity is seen in metastatic disease. Further studies of the role of the fibrinolytic system in tumors seems warranted.
 ...
PMID:Fibrinolytic activity in human tumor tissues. 668 89

The epipodophyllotoxin derivative VP 16--213 (NSC 141540) was studied by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B in a broad phase II trial at three dose levels: 60 mg/m2, 90 mg/m2, and 135 mg/m2 I.V. twice weekly. No correlation between dose of VP 16--213 and response frequency in a particular disease category could be demonstrated. Of the 382 patients, 8% obtained a complete (CR) or partial remission (PR), 8% showed improvement, and 14% had stable disease. By tumor type the best responses were obtained in lymphomas (8/31 CR + PR), uterus (2/9), prostate (1/5), rhabdomyosarcoma (2/6), neuroblastoma (2/4), colon/rectum (5/81), other gastrointestinal (4/32). In lung tumors, 4/80 patients obtained CR or PR. VP 16--213 has definite antineoplastic activity but the response frequency with the twice weekly schedule may be lower than that reported with other schedules.
 ...
PMID:Clinical trial of VP 16--213 (NSC 141540) I.V. twice weekly in advanced neoplastic disease: a study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. 698 31

We describe a case of a solitary pelvic kidney coexisting with adrenal and pelvic neuroblastoma in a child with multiple malformations, including microcephaly, hypertelorism, aortic coarctation and a bifid uterus. The association of a solitary kidney and neuroblastoma has not been reported previously.
 ...
PMID:Solitary pelvic kidney and neuroblastoma in a child. 726 75

The product of the nm23 gene has been proposed as a candidate tumour metastasis suppressor protein. A strong association has been observed between reduced expression of the nm23 gene and acquisition of metastatic behaviour in some tumour cells, including breast cancer and melanoma, but not in others, such as neuroblastoma and colon, cervical and thyroid cancers. During the early gestation period both human and murine trophoblast cells exhibit in vitro invasive properties similar to those of neoplastic cells. Such invasive properties, however, disappear in the late stage of gestation. In the present study, we examined the abundance of nm23 mRNA from various fetal-maternal interface tissues (uterus, decidua, placenta and embryo) during early (day 8), mid (day 14) and late (day 18) stages of gestation in CD1 mice, in order to determine whether nm23 plays any anti-invasive and/or biological roles during gestation. nm23 was found to be expressed in all the tissues during the early and mid stages of gestation. The expression levels were, however, variable among different tissues and development stages. In the early stage, nm23 mRNA levels were the highest and similar among tissues from the uterus, decidua, placenta and embryo. In the mid stage, the mRNA levels were reduced significantly in the uterus, decidua and placenta, but not in the embryo. In the late stage, nm23 mRNA was further reduced to the extent that it could not be seen in the decidua, was barely seen in the uterus and was weakly present in the placenta. However, the mRNA level of the embryo in the late stage was still high and similar to the early stage. We also examined nm23 expression in trophoblast cells from normal human term placenta and a highly metastatic human choriocarcinoma cell line, JAR. nm23 expression was significantly higher in JAR than in normal placenta, indicating that nm23 does not appear to have an anti-metastatic function in this cell line. Several cytokines--interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)--and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) known to modulate tumour growth and metastasis were examined to determine whether they regulate nm23 expression in JAR in vitro. The B16F10 melanoma cell line was used as control. No effect was found in the JAR cell line, whereas TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and PGE2 down-regulated nm23 expression in the B16F10 cell line.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Differential nm23 gene expression at the fetal-maternal interface. 808 Jul 27

Two distinct cDNAs encoding bradykinin receptors (BKRs) were cloned from NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. One was identical with rat uterus B2 BKR, whereas the other one (mBKR) had 91% amino acid homology to the rat B2 BKR and 82% homology to human B2 BKR. Southern blot analysis and genomic DNA cloning revealed that mBKR is derived from the mouse genome. The mBKR, expressed in Xenopus oocytes and COS-7 cells, produced functional BKRs that exhibited the properties of smooth muscle type B2 BKR. These results suggest that both the rat and mouse B2 BKRs of the smooth muscle type are expressed in NG108-15 cells.
 ...
PMID:B2 bradykinin receptors in NG108-15 cells: cDNA cloning and functional expression. 816 39

Blood group-related antigens have been attractive targets for immunotherapy of cancer since their initial identification as cancer-related antigens. However, available information on the relative expression of most of these antigens on human malignant and normal tissues has been insufficient for selecting optimal antigens and tumors for immune attack. In this study, the distribution of the blood group-related antigens TF, Tn, sTn, Le(a), sialyl Le(a), Le(b), Le(x), sialyl Le(x), polyfucosyl Le(x) and Le(y) on 13 types of cancer and 16 normal tissues was compared. Our results show that sTn is strongly expressed on cancers of breast, colon, stomach, ovary, prostate and uterus; Tn on prostate cancer; TF on cancers of breast, colon, ovary, prostate and uterus; Le(y) on the cancers of colon, lung, pancreas and ovary; Le(a) and Le(x) on gastric cancer; and sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(x) on colon cancer. The complete absence of these antigens on cancers of neuroectodermal or mesodermal origin including melanoma, sarcoma, neuroblastoma and B cell lymphoma is as striking as their widespread presence on tumors of epithelial origin. Normal tissues were also tested. Tn and Le(b) were only detected on gastric and ovarian epithelia; sTn on Leydig cells of testis in addition to gastric and ovarian epithelia; Le(x) and sialyl Le(x) on polymorphonuclear leukocytes; and TF, Le(a), sialyl Le(a), Le(x), sialyl Le(x), polyfucosyl Le(x) and Le(y) on epithelia from a variety of tissues.
 ...
PMID:Selection of tumor antigens as targets for immune attack using immunohistochemistry: II. Blood group-related antigens. 933 9


1 2 3 Next >>