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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A random-primed cDNA expression library constructed from the mRNA of neuroblastoma cells (NG108) was used to clone a specific rabies virus (RV) receptor. A soluble form of the RV glycoprotein (Gs) was utilized as a ligand to detect positive cells. We identified the murine low-affinity nerve-growth factor receptor, p75NTR. BSR cells stably expressing p75NTR were able to bind Gs and G-expressing lepidopteran cells. The ability of the RV glycoprotein to bind p75NTR was dependent on the presence of a lysine and arginine in positions 330 and 333 respectively of antigenic site III, which is known to control virus penetration into motor and sensory neurons of adult mice. P75NTR-expressing BSR cells were permissive for a non-adapted fox RV isolate (street virus) and nerve growth factor (NGF) decreased this infection. In infected cells, p75NTR associates with the RV glycoprotein and could be precipitated with anti-G monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, p75NTR is a receptor for street RV.
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PMID:Low-affinity nerve-growth factor receptor (P75NTR) can serve as a receptor for rabies virus. 985 82

1. The effect on membrane currents of infection of mouse neuroblastoma NA cells with rabies virus was studied by using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. 2. Three types of membrane currents, namely voltage-dependent Na+ current (I(Na)), delayed rectifier K+ current (I(K-DR)) and inward rectifier K+ current (I(K-IR)) were elicited in uninfected cells. 3. In cells 3 days after infection with the virus, no detectable change was observed in morphology and membrane capacitance, but I(Na) and I(K-IR) were significantly decreased in amplitude without any appreciable difference in the time course of current activation and inactivation. The voltage-dependence of I(Na) activation was significantly shifted in the positive direction along the voltage axis with a decreased slope. I(K-DR) remained almost unaltered after the viral infection. 4. The resting membrane potential, measured with a physiological K+ gradient across the cell membrane, was decreased (depolarized) after the viral infection. The depolarization was associated with the decreased amplitude of I(K-IR). 5. These results suggest that infection of mouse neuroblastoma NA cells with rabies virus causes reduction of functional expression of ion channels responsible for I(Na) and I(K-IR), and provide evidence for possible involvement of the change in membrane properties in the pathogenesis of rabies disease.
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PMID:Modification of membrane currents in mouse neuroblastoma cells following infection with rabies virus. 1037 10

In mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells, we examined whether rabies virus infection affects the voltage-dependent Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) and agonist-induced I(Ca) inhibition. The viral infection had little effect on the current-voltage relationship for peak I(Ca) or on the late I(Ca) that remained at the end of a 200-ms step depolarization. Noradrenaline and carbachol, via alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors, respectively, reduced I(Ca) concentration dependently. The maximum effect of noradrenaline was attained at 10 microM with 19.4+/-1.8% inhibition of I(Ca), which was significantly decreased to 9.9+/-1.3% after viral infection. The decrease was not reversed with 100 microM noradrenaline, suggesting that it does not result from a decrease in agonist sensitivity of cells. The maximum effect of carbachol (300 microM; 27.7+/-2.9% inhibition) remained unchanged, despite carbachol sharing intracellular signaling pathways with noradrenaline. These results indicate that in NG108-15 cells, rabies virus infection does not alter the functional expression of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, but it attenuates the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated I(Ca) inhibition, possibly through some change at the receptor level.
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PMID:Rabies virus infection prevents the modulation by alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, but not muscarinic receptors, of Ca(2+) channels in NG108-15 cells. 1098 Feb 65

Rabies has disappeared from large parts of Switzerland. Due to systematic oral fox-vaccination campaings that started in 1987, cases of rabies in wild and domestic animals have been confined to the western frontier with France in the last three years. Nevertheless, some cases of severe exposition of man by rabid or rabies-suspect animals still occur. Rabies can be diagnosed in brain smears of infected animals with high specificity and sensitivity by a direct immunofluorescence method. According to WHO recommendations, negative results are to be confirmed in cases of a human exposition by intracerebral inoculation of brain suspensions in three-weeks-old mice. This method has an excellent sensitivity and is able to detect false-negative results in immunofluorescence, which occur in a very small percentage (0.043%). The disadvantage of this confirmatory assay is the sacrification of relatively high numbers of mice (in the Swiss rabies center about 1,300 animals each year), and the long time required for a final diagnosis: 7-20 days in positive, 21 days in negative cases. The cultivation of virus from brain suspensions on a mouse neuroblastoma cell line is a tempting alternative to the mouse inoculation test. This method usually provides a conclusive diagnosis within a few days. However, in our hands it showed in preliminary experiments an unsatisfactory sensitivity (80.7%). The necessity to carry out strict reproducibility controls in this assay has to be emphasized. Further work must be invested in the improvement of the rabies tissue culture infection test and a careful long-term comparison with the mouse inoculation test will be necessary before the mouse inoculation test can be replaced.
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PMID:[Rabies Tissue Culture Infection Test as an Alternative for the Mouse Inoculation Test] 1118 97

In June 2000, a case of rabies was diagnosed in Stockholm. The patient, a 19-year-old woman, had been bitten by a dog in Thailand three months earlier. She was admitted with a 2-day history of pain and paresthesia at the exposure site (right arm), along with anxiety. Her neurological symptoms progressed, and during the following week she developed the typical signs of furious rabies. Despite intensive care, her condition deteriorated continuously, and she died 18 days after onset of symptoms. The diagnosis was not considered until five days after admission to the hospital. A saliva sample was obtained and the diagnosis confirmed by virus isolation in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Although Sweden is free of rabies, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with encephalitis after having visited a rabies endemic area. Tourists must be informed of the vital importance of post-exposure prophylaxis after suspected infection.
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PMID:[The first case of rabies in Sweden in 26 years. Inform travellers abroad about risks and treatment following suspected infection]. 1129 24

Hydrophobia is an incurable disease of the central nervous system. Therefore, every mode of the immune response is important to inhibit and clear infection. Innate immunity such as nitric oxide is significantly upregulated during rabies virus infection in vivo. In this report, the possible role of nitric oxide in inhibition of rabies virus replication was studied. Rabies virus infected neuroblastoma cells were treated with nitric oxide generated from SNP or SNP in the presence of ascorbate. SNP-ascorbate generates mainly NO* in culture medium while NO(+) is the major product of SNP alone. Treatment with SNP-ascorbate resulted in delay and suppression of infectious viral particle production. In contrast, treatment with SNP alone did not interfere with multiplication of this virus. The mechanism of inhibition by NO was at the level of gene expression, which was demonstrated by reduction in the level of N, G and L gene expression. The effect of SNP-ascorbate generated NO on rabies virus protein synthesis was also investigated. Synthesis of N protein in the presence of NO was suppressed which correlated to down regulation of N gene expression. We hypothesize that one of the roles of NO in the central nervous system during rabies virus infection is to limit viral dissemination by down-regulating rabies virus production through transcription inhibition.
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PMID:A radical form of nitric oxide suppresses RNA synthesis of rabies virus. 1168 31

By a fluorescent antibody test animal brain samples were examined for the rabies antigen. Two observers read the results. Doubtful, suspicious or weak results in the test were reanalyzed in a virus isolation test on the murine neuroblastoma cell line. From 37 samples estimated doubtful by the fluorescent antibody test, 17 were positive in the virus isolation test.
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PMID:Rabies: doubtful and discordant results in fluorescent antibody test. 1207 24

This work describes the cytopathic effect on cells, cytotoxic action on mice, and antiviral activity of cinnabarin. This substance had no effect on mouse neuroblastoma cells (NA cell, ATCC clone C-1300) at a concentration of 0.31 mg/ml, it was not able to cause toxic effects in mice at concentrations of 1000 mg/kg, and reduced by four times the titers of the rabies virus at concentrations of 0.31 mg/ml.
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PMID:Toxicity and antiviral activity of cinnabarin obtained from Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr. 1459 89

Lyssaviruses, which are members of the Rhabdoviridae family, induce apoptosis, which plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of rabies. However, the mechanisms by which these viruses mediate neuronal apoptosis have not been elucidated. Here we demonstrate that the early induction of apoptosis in a model of lyssavirus-infected neuroblastoma cells involves a TRAIL-dependent pathway requiring the activation of caspase-8 but not of caspase-9 or caspase-10. The activation of caspase-8 results in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-6, as shown by an increase in the cleavage of the specific caspase substrate in lyssavirus-infected cells. However, neither caspase-1 nor caspase-2 activity was detected during the early phase of infection. Lyssavirus-mediated cell death involves an interaction between TRAIL receptors and TRAIL, as demonstrated by experiments using neutralizing antibodies and soluble decoy TRAIL-R1/R2 receptors. We also demonstrated that the decapsidation and replication of lyssavirus are essential for inducing apoptosis, as supported by UV inactivation, cycloheximide treatment, and the use of bafilomycin A1 to inhibit endosomal acidification. Transfection of cells with the matrix protein induced apoptosis using pathways similar to those described in the context of viral infection. Furthermore, our data suggest that the matrix protein of lyssaviruses plays a major role in the early induction of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by the release of a soluble, active form of TRAIL. In our model, Fas ligand (CD95L) appears to play a limited role in lyssavirus-mediated neuroblastoma cell death. Similarly, tumor necrosis factor alpha does not appear to play an important role.
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PMID:Lyssavirus matrix protein induces apoptosis by a TRAIL-dependent mechanism involving caspase-8 activation. 1516 47

Our research has focused on the ecology of commensal populations of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), in relation to rabies virus (RV) transmission. We captured 35 big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in late summer 2001 and held them captive for 4.8 mo. The bats were initially placed in an indoor cage for 1 mo then segregated into groups of two to six per cage. Two of the bats succumbed to rabies virus (RV) within the first month of capture. Despite group housing, all of the remaining bats were healthy over the course of the investigation; none developed rabies, although one of the rabid bats was observed to bite her cage mates. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Taqman real-time PCR analysis of the RNA derived from the brain tissue, salivary glands, and oral swab samples confirmed RV infection in the dead bats. Rabies virus was also isolated from the brain tissue upon passage in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the RV nucleoprotein (N) gene showed 100% identity with the N gene sequence of a 1985 E. fuscus isolate from El Paso County, Colorado. Bat sera obtained six times throughout the study were assayed for RV neutralizing antibodies using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. The RV neutralizing activity in the serum was associated with the IgG component, which was purified by binding to protein G Sepharose. Five bats were RV seropositive prior to their capture and maintained titers throughout captivity. Two adult bats seroconverted during captivity. Two volant juvenile bats had detectable RV antibody titers at the first serum collection but were negative thereafter. Four seronegative bats responded to a RV vaccine administration with high titers of RV antibodies. A serologic survey of big brown bats in the roost from which one of the captive rabid bats had originated showed a significant rise in seroprevalence during 2002.
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PMID:Rabies in a captive colony of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). 1546 6


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