Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We used indicine N-oxide to treat 46 children with malignant solid tumors: 17 with osteosarcoma, 12 with neuroblastoma, 13 with a brain tumor, and 4 with other miscellaneous tumors. The efficacy and toxicity of the drug was assessed at the dose of 2000 mg/m2/day for five consecutive days. None of the 39 patients evaluable for response achieved a complete or partial response. Hepatotoxicity was experienced by 13 patients: 11 patients developed asymptomatic elevations of transaminases, 1 patient developed hyperbilirubinemia, and 1 developed ascites. Indicine N-oxide appears to be ineffective in the treatment of osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and pediatric brain tumors at this dose and schedule. Because higher doses are associated with an unacceptably high incidence of severe, irreversible hepatotoxicity, we do not recommend further study of this agent in pediatric solid tumors.
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PMID:Phase II trial of indicine N-oxide in relapsed pediatric solid tumors. A report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. 180 9

A total of 2259 children with solid malignant tumors were treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between the years 1962 and 1987. Of these, 112 (5%) developed spinal epidural metastasis with spinal cord compression during the course of their disease process. Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression was caused most commonly by Ewing's sarcoma and neuroblastoma, followed by osteogenic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, soft-tissue sarcoma, germ-cell tumor, Wilm's tumor, and (rarely) hepatoma. There was no significant difference in outcome between patients with small-cell tumors (neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, and germ-cell tumors) who received only chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy and the patients with similar lesions who received a decompressive laminectomy alone or prior to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Patients with spinal cord compression from metastatic sarcoma (Ewing's sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma) showed a significant improvement with decompressive laminectomy alone or before medical therapy, compared to those who received radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy without posterior decompression. Pediatric tumors invade the spinal canal via the neural foramen, compressing the spinal cord in a circumferential manner, allowing decompressive laminectomy (posterior approach) to be an effective surgical approach. Sixty-six percent of children who had no evidence of motor or sensory function below the level of the compression became ambulatory after surgical decompression and medical treatment, regardless of tumor type.
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PMID:Pediatric spinal epidural metastases. 184 14

Recombinant human (rh) erythropoietin (EPO) is attracting increasing interest as an agent for treating cancer-related anemia. Thus, we have tested the effects of rhEPO on the clonal growth of 22 different cell lines derived from a wide range of human solid tumors (head and neck 3, lung 2, breast 2, stomach 1, colorectal 3, hepatocellular 1, pancreas 1, ovary 1, choriocarcinoma 1, osteogenic sarcoma 1, glioblastoma 2, neuroblastoma 1, prostate 1, renal 2) in vitro. RhEPO (dose range 0.01-100 U/ml) caused no significant and reproducible stimulation of clonal growth as measured by a capillary modification of the human tumor cloning assay in agar in any of the cell lines tested. In particular, there was no sensitivity for rhEPO of those cell lines which were shown to be responsive to interleukin-3 and GM-CSF. On the other hand, there were no growth inhibitory effects of rhEPO on the cell lines of this study. Finally, neutralizing anti-human EPO antibody had no effect on the clonal growth of two kidney carcinoma cell lines, making autocrine growth regulation by hEPO in these lines unlikely.
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PMID:Studies on the role of recombinant human erythropoietin in the growth regulation of human nonhematopoietic tumor cells in vitro. 187 24

Lag time (the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis) was described for 2665 children with lymphoma or a solid tumor who participated in Pediatric Oncology Group therapeutic protocols from 1982 until 1988. Median lag time ranged from 21 days for neuroblastoma to 72 days for Ewing sarcoma. Significant differences in lag time were found among diagnostic groups (p less than 0.001), even after adjustment for age, gender, and race. Age was significantly associated with lag time for all diagnoses (p less than 0.05) except Hodgkin disease. Girls had increased lag times for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (p = 0.02) but decreased lag times for Ewing sarcoma (p = 0.02). Differences in lag time related to race were significant only for children with osteosarcoma (p = 0.02), for which white children had longer lag times. Type of tumor and age were strongly associated with lag time. Within diagnostic groups, age, gender, and race failed to explain more than 16% of the variance in lag time, suggesting that other factors may play more prominent roles. Further study is necessary to identify these factors and to assess the relationship between lag time, stage of disease at diagnosis, and prognosis, especially before designing early-detection interventions for childhood cancer.
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PMID:Interval between symptom onset and diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors. 194 78

The effect of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5), human osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2), fibroblasts (Balb/3T3), and neuroblastoma cells (NB2A) has been studied. The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells was inhibited by physiologically relevant concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, neuroblastoma cells were only sensitive to higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations, and proliferation of the other cell lines was not inhibited. The inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation was specific for alpha-tocopherol. Trolox, phytol, and alpha-tocopherol esters had no effect. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor or endothelin was completely sensitive to alpha-tocopherol. If smooth muscle cells were stimulated by fetal calf serum, proliferation was 50% inhibited by alpha-tocopherol. No effect of alpha-tocopherol was observed when proliferation of smooth muscle cells was stimulated by bombesin and lysophosphatidic acid. The possibility of an involvement of protein kinase C in the cell response to alpha-tocopherol was suggested by experiments with the isolated enzyme and supported by the 2- to 3-fold stimulation of phorbol ester binding induced by alpha-tocopherol in sensitive cells. Moreover, alpha-tocopherol also caused inhibition of protein kinase C translocation induced by phorbol esters and inhibition of the phosphorylation of its 80-kDa protein substrate in smooth muscle cells. A model is discussed by which alpha-tocopherol inhibits cell proliferation by interacting with the cytosolic protein kinase C, thus preventing its membrane translocation and activation.
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PMID:Inhibition of cell proliferation by alpha-tocopherol. Role of protein kinase C. 200 76

Twenty-six cases of rare primary cranial vault tumors are reported, together with 4 cases of primary tumors of the base of the skull and 3 cases of monostotic cranial neuroblastoma. Whereas some rare primary cranial vault tumors may present with characteristic radiographic patterns (e.g. hemangioma, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteoma, progonoma), most of them can be recognised only after histology. The most frequent tumor in the region of previous irradiation is osteosarcoma. The only "common" primary bone tumor of the base of the skull is chordoma. The radiological differential diagnosis of primary tumors of the skull vault and base is discussed.
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PMID:Rare primary cranial vault and base of the skull tumors in children. Report of 30 cases with a short literature review. 201 22

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of bone marrow abnormalities, but its usefulness in detecting active disseminated cancer in this tissue in treated patients has not been determined. We therefore examined 14 children who had been treated for disseminated bone marrow involvement by neuroblastoma (n = 6), lymphoma (n = 3), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 1), and leukemia (n = 1). MRI studies were performed at 21 marrow sites to evaluate residual or recurrent tumor and were correlated with histologic material from the same site. T1- and T2-weighted sequences were employed in 21 and 14 studies, respectively; short tau inversion recovery (STIR) in 18; and static gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DPTA)-enhanced. T1-weighted sequences in 13. All MRI studies showed an altered bone marrow signal. Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy was also performed (19 studies). On histologic examination, 7 marrow specimens contained tumor, and 14 did not. Of the 7 tumor-positive lesions, all T1-weighted, 4 of 6 T2-weighted, and all 6 STIR sequences showed abnormal signal; all 5 Gd-DTPA-enhanced. T1-weighted sequences showed enhancement of the lesion. However, abnormal signals were also observed on all T1-weighted, 6 of 8 T2-weighted, 11 of 12 STIR, and 5 of 8 Gd-DTPA-enhanced, T1-weighted images of the tumor-negative sites. In this clinical setting, MRI did not consistently differentiate changes associated with treatment from malignant disease.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of disseminated bone marrow disease in patients treated for malignancy. 202 Aug 67

We studied the efficacy of mesna as a protectant for urotoxicity in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy including oxazaphosphorines. Nineteen patients with malignant diseases (5 neuroblastoma, 3 acute lymphocytic leukemia, 4 acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, 2 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 3 osteosarcoma and 2 rhabdomyosarcoma) were treated with a total of 106 courses of therapy between June of 1986 and May of 1989. Of these, no gross hematuria were seen. Microhematuria transiently occurred only in 2 courses (5%) of 1 patient (2%). These data indicated that mesna was highly effective for urotoxicity of oxazaphosphorines without any side effects, especially in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Effects of mesna (2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate) in children with malignant disease receiving oxazaphosphorine chemotherapy]. 210 36

A number of recent studies have suggested a relationship between Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and other small round cell tumours of childhood such as peripheral neuroepithelioma (PN). We report scanning electron microscopic studies on the character of induced neural differentiation in ES, neuroblastoma, PN, osteosarcoma and colon carcinoma. We found evidence of neural differentiation in both neural lines and in one of two Ewing's lines before treatment. After differentiation, both Ewing's and neural lines developed neuritic processes with varicosities and little arborization, except for the initially undifferentiated Ewing's line (A4573) which displayed extensive lateral sprouting from neuritic processes after differentiation. Neither treated nor untreated osteosarcoma or colon carcinoma displayed any evidence of neural differentiation. Further, neuroblastoma cells are easily distinguished from ES and PN by virtue of their single, unbranched neurites and lack of lateral sprouting or filopodia. These results provide further evidence for the neural character and close relationship between ES and PN.
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PMID:Scanning electron microscopic evidence for neural differentiation in Ewing's sarcoma cell lines. 210 25

Studies were made on the appearance of second malignant tumors (SMT) in children followed in a pediatric hospital at metropolitan Santiago, Chile, between years 1968 and 1987. A retrospective analysis identified SMT in 7 of 430 patients who survived a childhood cancer (incidence 1.62%). An 8th patient was added, whose first neoplasm was treated in another hospital. The initial diagnosis in the affected children were medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease and, in two cases, acute lymphocytic leukemias. The age range was 6 months to 11 years. Treatment was done by surgery in 5/8, chemotherapy in 7/8 and radiotherapy in all patients. The latent period between the diagnosis of the first cancer and the diagnosis of the SMT was 3.5 to 12 years (median 8.5 years). Osteosarcomas were the most frequent SMT (5/8). The other SMT were a rhabdomyosarcoma, a non Hodgkin lymphoma and an astrocytoma. The majority of SMT were located in the area of prior radiotherapy (6/8). In the other two cases, one had an osteosarcoma, after a bilateral retinoblastoma, which grew outside the previously treated area, and the last one consisted of a lymphoma which was identified 9 years after an acute lymphocytic leukemia. Only 3/8 SMT patients are alive after 14.21 and 34 months follow up. The other children died between 11 and 20 months after diagnosis of SMT. Notwithstanding these kinds of outcome, benefits of therapy for patients with primary tumors greatly outweight the later risk of cancer induction in a small proportion of them.
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PMID:[Second cancer in pediatric patients]. 213 86


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