Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two kinds of novel neural trophic factors were currently detected in von Recklinghausen neurofibroma (NF1) extracts. One of the two was a growth factor, neuroblastoma growth factor (Mr less than 5 kDa), which promotes the proliferation of human neuroblastoma cell and survival and neurite-extension of rat cortical neurons, but differently from nerve growth factor (NGF) or NGF-like factors. The other one was a glial growth inhibitor (Mr = 100 kDa), which suppresses the growth of glioma cell lines, astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma and Schwannoma. These factors do not appear to be previously identified cytokines or growth factors such as interleukins, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, NGF and fibroblast growth factor. There was also detectable ciliary neurotrophic factor-like activity in the extracts. The primary cause of high contents of these factors in NF1 is not known, but may relate to fundamental mechanisms controlling growth and differentiation of neurons and glias during development of nervous system.
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PMID:von Recklinghausen neurofibroma produces neuronal and glial growth-modulating factors. 193 68

Major syndromes in which cutaneous and extracutaneous nervous neoplasms are frequently associated include: 1) dysgenetic syndromes or phacomatoses (tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis), 2) multiple schwannoma syndromes (schwannomatosis and Carney's complex), 3) multiple mucosal neuromas syndrome, 4) neurocutaneous pigmentary syndromes (Peutz-Jeghers-Touraine syndrome and neurocutaneous melanosis), and 5) sundry associations (cutaneous meningiomas and cutaneous metastases of neuroblastoma or carcinoid tumors). The early clinical and pathological recognition of these cutaneous neural and pigmentary associated lesions should stimulate the search for centrally located neural or neuroendocrine neoplasms, some of which might be life-threatening.
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PMID:Cutaneous neuropathology: neurofibromas, schwannomas and other neural neoplasms with cutaneous and extracutaneous expressions. 195 52

In this study, we have investigated the expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the human brain, primary brain tumours and neuroblastoma. Adult brain was found to express discrete isoforms of 180, 170, 140 and 120 kDa, which on neuraminidase treatment resolved into bands of 180, 170, 140, 120 and 95 kDa. Primary brain tumours such as Schwannoma and medulloblastoma expressed embryonic NCAM characterised by a high level of glycosylation, whereas other tumours, e.g. astrocytoma, meningioma, glioma and oligodendroglioma expressed adult NCAM. Post-neuraminidase treatment, differential expression of the 180, 170, 140, 120 and 95 kDa isoforms were noted in these various tumour types. On the other hand, neuroblastoma cell lines were found to express only embryonic NCAM, which after neuraminidase treatment resulted in differential presence of only 180, 140 and 120 kDa proteins.
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PMID:Expression of the cluster 1 antigen (neural cell adhesion molecule) in neuroectodermal tumours. 203 10

ICO - 10 (Thy-1 antigen) and K 20 (gp 120/200) monoclonal antibodies proved suitable for immunophenotyping solid tumors. The following typical antigen combinations were identified with regard to reaction with those antibodies: ICO - 10+ K 20- (neuroblastoma, malignant schwannoma, neurosarcoma and soft tissue sarcomas); K 20+ ICO - 10- (cancer of the tongue and esophagus, adenoma of the adrenal cortex, adenocarcinoma of the stomach, hepatoblastoma and nephroblastoma); ICO - 10+ K 20+ (immature teratoma and cervical and esophageal leiomyoma) and ICO - 10+ K 20- (malignant fibrous histiocytoma).
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PMID:[ICO-10 (Thy-1) and K-20 (gp 120/200) monoclonal antibodies in immunophenotyping of solid tumors in man]. 233 Jun 81

Seven dumbbell tumours were histologically diagnosed as neurilemmoma (4), echinococcus cyst (1), chondrosarcoma (1) or neuroblastoma (1). Radical removal was achieved by thoracotomy and enlargement of the intervertebral foramen in two cases. Thoracotomy and laminectomy were performed on separate occasions in three cases. One patient, in whom the extent of the pathologic process was known preoperatively, underwent concomitant 'minithoracotomy' and laminectomy. Postoperative bleeding required reoperation in one case. The patient with chrondrosarcoma died of local recurrence 16 months postoperatively, and the patient with neuroblastoma died of metastatic spread after 6 years. The five survivors are well. Preoperative recognition of intraspinal extension should be obtainable if a high index of suspicion is maintained in cases of paravertebral tumour. Computed tomography is the diagnostic method of choice. Single-stage removal of the intrathoracic and intraspinal portions of the tumour is desirable. The recommended procedure is posterior minithoracotomy with rib resections for exposure and possibly also laminectomy, with the patient in prone position.
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PMID:Management of dumbbell tumours. Reports of seven cases. 235 82

Calcineurin is one of the calmodulin binding proteins and a Ca2+-dependent and calmodulin-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphatase. We used antisera to the calcineurin as a cell-type-specific marker in order to identify neuronal cells in the rat brain and human neoplasms. In normal rat brain slices, basal ganglia were stained macroscopically, and other areas such as cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, cerebellar cortex, granular layer and pyramidal tract of the spinal cord were lightly identified as well. Under the light microscope, it was found that only the neuronal cells were stained, and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and vessels were not. Intracellular distribution of the staining showed various patterns and staining intensity of varying degree. Using the PAP method, localization of the calcineurin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were studied in 65 human intracranial neoplasms, and in 11 human extracranial neoplasms. The neuronal elements of neuroblastoma, ganglioglioma, ganglioneuroma and retinoblastoma were clearly stained. In contrast, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, neurinoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, hemangioblastoma, hamartoma, lymphoma and mesenchymal tumor were all negative. Two cases out of 5 medulloblastomas were stained, but others were not. Although positive tumors disclosed various staining patterns and intensities, these results indicated that calcineurin could be a new neuronal marker in human brain tumors.
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PMID:Calcineurin as a neuronal marker of human brain tumors. 242 51

Two clones have been selected from a human fibroblast cDNA bank. By DNA sequencing the clones were shown to contain Alu elements located near the ends of the cDNA inserts. DNA of the clones was used for Northern blot hybridization analysis of a number of poly(A)-containing RNAs from normal human tissues (brain, stomach, uterus, spleen, fibroblasts) and tumors (neurinoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, liposarcoma, adrenal cortex adenocarcinoma). All RNA samples reveal a heterodisperse distribution of Alu transcripts with discrete bands in the region of 7-12 S RNA. The majority of these small poly(A)+ Alu+ RNAs contain Alu sequences only in one (canonical) orientation with functional signals including the split promoter for RNA polymerase III.
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PMID:Cloning of Alu-containing cDNAs from human fibroblasts and identification of small Alu+ poly(A)+ RNAs in a variety of human normal and tumor cells. 243 58

Identification of growth factors and receptors in mesenchymal tumors may be crucial to understanding of growth regulation in sarcomas. During an immunohistochemical study of the expression of growth factors and receptors in human soft tissue tumors (STT), only 1 antisera capable of working in paraffin-embedded tissue was noted. A detailed study of 141 STT was undertaken to determine the frequency of expression of nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R), its specificity and sensitivity for neural tumors, and the effect of fixation on detection. In normal mesenchymal tissue, only nerve sheath and perivascular staining was seen. No immunoreactivity was seen in many tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and alveolar soft part sarcoma. Less than 15% of tumors of smooth muscle, fibrous, or fibrohistiocytic origin showed immunoreactivity, usually focal. In contrast, a high frequency of immunoreactivity was noted in tumors of neural origin (74%). This included granular cell tumors (100%), Schwannoma/neurofibroma (91%), malignant Schwannoma (78%), neuroblastoma/neuroepithelioma (60%), and paraganglioma (57%). A high rate of reactivity was also seen in synovial sarcomas (80%), undifferentiated sarcomas (60%), and hemangiopericytomas (43%), suggesting a potential relationship to the neural phenotype. Among the neural tumors, Bouin's fixation was superior to formalin, suggesting that immunoreactivity for NGF-R is affected by fixation. This antibody may be a useful adjunct marker diagnostically.
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PMID:Expression of nerve growth factor receptor in paraffin-embedded soft tissue tumors. 245 20

Cytotoxicity of acrylamide and related compounds to mouse neuroblastoma N18TG-2 and rat Schwannoma RT4 cells was studied. Of nine test chemicals, acrylamide and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide were most toxic compared with others on the basis of ED50 value. Observation under phase-contrast microscopy revealed that in N18TG-2 acrylamide produced both degeneration of the cells and inhibition of cell growth, and that in RT4 it produced only inhibition of cell growth without causing any marked morphological changes. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) reduced the cytotoxicity of acrylamide to both types of cells on the basis of the dose-effect curve. Studies on the subcellular distribution of 14C-acrylamide incorporated showed that more than 90% of the total radioactivity was incorporated in the 15,000 g supernant fraction. Kinetics of acrylamide uptake by N18TG-2 cells showed that in the cells untreated with dBcAMP there were two binding sites with high and low affinity, and that after treatment with dBcAMP the site of high affinity disappeared. The situation was true for RT4 cells, the results indicating that the immature cells are more vulnerable to acrylamide than the mature cells.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of acrylamide and related compounds to mouse neuroblastoma and rat schwannoma cells. 283 68

We report a retrospective study of two years experience with I-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). I-131 MIBG was prepared locally and was found to have decreased background activity as compared with other available commercial preparations from Great Britain and the United States. Fifty-nine patients were studied with a total of 65 scans. The study included 11 members of a family with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA) type II syndrome. Of 16 patients found to have abnormal scans, 12 had disease confirmed surgically. These cases consisted of nine pheochromocytomas, one paraganglioma, one neurilemmoma, and one neuroblastoma. MIBG scans for pheochromocytoma detection had an accuracy of 94.5%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 93.5% in this study of patients with a high prior probability of the disease.
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PMID:Experience with I-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG): a retrospective study. 288 22


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