Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The short-term and long-term effectiveness of central parenteral nutrition (CPN) versus peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) in improving muscle mass (arm muscle area [AMA]) was evaluated for 24 malnourished children with newly diagnosed Stage IV neuroblastoma (n = 14) or Stages II-V Wilms' tumor (n = 10). Patients were randomized to either CPN or PPN plus enteral nutrition (EN: intense nutrition counseling, oral foods, and supplements) for 4 weeks followed by EN until week 10. Oncologic treatment was similar for each tumor type. Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical measurements were obtained at weeks 0, 4, and 10. During weeks 1 through 4, energy (CPN: means 100 +/- 4; PPN: means 96 +/- 4% of healthy children) and protein (CPN: means 2.5 +/- 0.1; PPN means 2.7 +/- 0.2 g/kg) intakes of the two groups did not differ. The AMA increased (P less than 0.05) with 4 weeks of CPN but not with PPN; changes thereafter with EN were not significant. Weight (P less than 0.05) and triceps skinfolds (P less than 0.01) increased with 4 weeks of PN in both groups and decreased with EN thereafter (P less than 0.01) but were higher at week 10 than diagnosis. Increases in albumin in both groups reached significance at week 10 (P less than 0.05). These data show that CPN improves AMA in malnourished children with neuroblastoma or Wilms' tumor when energy and protein intakes are adequate. The AMA gains can be maintained thereafter with EN.
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PMID:Effectiveness of two methods of parenteral nutrition support in improving muscle mass of children with neuroblastoma or Wilms' tumor. A randomized study. 254 92

Recently, great interest has been shown in the histological identification of small cell tumours of childhood--nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumour), neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma--using immunohistochemical methods. However, several antigens operationally specific for leucocyte typing in blood and marrow are also expressed on cells of epithelial and neural origin. We undertook phenotypic characterization of 17 non-haemopoietic small cell tumours of childhood using a panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies to leucocyte, epithelial and cytoskeletal antigens using a sensitive alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique on cryostat sections of fresh tumour. Our results demonstrated frequent expression of the leucocyte-associated antigens CD10 (CALLA), CD9 (p24) and CDw32 (FcRII) in these small cell tumours and occasional expression of MHC class II (HLA-DR) and HNK-1 antigens. However, the leucocyte-associated antigens CD45 (leucocyte common), CD22 (pan B-cell), CD11b (C3bi receptor), CD15 (Lewisx) or CDw42 (platelet gp Ib) were not detected on any tumour. Aberrant expression of desmin, neurofilament and UJ13A antigen was found in nephroblastoma and of epithelial-associated markers (CIBr17 and 43-9F) in neuroblastoma. Our results also demonstrated broad reactivity in frozen section with two monoclonal antibodies specific for melanoma (NKI/C-3) or epithelial cells (OM-1) in paraffin sections. Hence, it is necessary to include monoclonal antibodies to CD45 and pan-epithelial antigens, e.g. LP34 (cytokeratin) or HEA125 for the precise immunohistochemical identification of small round cell malignancies of childhood.
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PMID:Phenotypic characterization of non-haemopoietic small cell tumours of childhood with monoclonal antibodies to leucocytes, epithelial cells and cytoskeletal proteins. 254

From 1962 through 1987, four children were diagnosed at our institution with primary germ cell malignancies of the extracranial head and neck regions. Ages of the children ranged from 2 to 44 months. Histologic findings included 2 yolk sac carcinoma (endodermal sinus tumor), 1 malignant teratoma with nephroblastoma (Wilm's tumor), and 1 malignant teratoma with neuroblastoma (primitive neuroectodermal) components. Complete clinical and surgical staging was performed to rule out additional sites of disease. All patients initially underwent either biopsy or, when technically feasible, resection. Three patients received combination chemotherapy and two received irradiation. Three patients died of progressive disease. One patient who had yolk sac carcinoma of the temporomandibular region is alive and free of disease 40 months after therapy. Complete surgical resection is indicated for teratomatous tumors, if technically feasible. The malignant components of these tumors are sensitive to both chemotherapy and irradiation and combined therapy may be beneficial.
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PMID:Malignant germ cell tumors of the head and neck in childhood. 254 83

Controversy exists regarding the most appropriate treatment for the rare adult patient who develops a so-called pediatric cancer. We have reviewed our 20-year experience with these patients and analyzed their outcome. A total of 299 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (106), Wilms' tumor (97), and neuroblastoma (96) were evaluated and treated at Stanford University Medical Center between January 1967 and December 1987. Only 26 of these patients (8.7%) were diagnosed during "adulthood"; their age range was 18-67 years, median 23 years. Wilms' tumor; Five patients presented with Wilms' tumor at age greater than or equal to 18 years; four had unfavorable histology. All underwent multimodality therapy; however, only two have survived, one currently disease-free and one with disease. Neuroblastoma: Five patients presented with neuroblastoma at age greater than or equal to 18 years. Four underwent attempted surgical resection, post-operative irradiation (RT), and chemotherapy (CT); the other received no adjuvant CT. Only two of the five patients survive, both with disease. Rhabdomyosarcoma: Of the 16 adults (greater than or equal to 21 years) with rhabdomyosarcoma, 14 (87%) had advanced Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-group disease (eight Group III, six Group IV). All 16 underwent aggressive multimodality therapy. At 10 months-16 years follow-up, only five patients survive, four of whom are apparently cured of their tumor. Neither histologic subtype nor site of presentation were of prognostic value. This series demonstrates that adults with Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, or rhabdomyosarcoma have a worse prognosis than do children with the same diagnosis. Possible explanations for this disparity in outcome include different tumor biology, less tolerance for treatment, and different natural history among adults relative to children.
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PMID:Treatment results among adults with childhood tumors: a 20-year experience. 255 Mar 96

Zinc concentrations and Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes were investigated in 138 healthy children and in 35 children with cancer. The mean zinc concentration in the erythrocytes of healthy children was found to be age-dependent. In the youngest group (children up to 1 year of age) the zinc concentration in erythrocytes is 18.8 +/- 3.4 micrograms/g Hb (5.89 +/- 1.23 mg/l packed cells), which is significantly lower than in other age groups. A strong logarithmic correlation (r = 0.327, p less than 0.0001 and r = 0.436, p less than 0.00001) was found between age and zinc concentration in erythrocytes, expressed as microgram/g Hb and as mg/l packed red cells, respectively. Cancer children were divided into two groups (neuro- and nephroblastoma). In the group of children with neuroblastoma no statistical differences in zinc concentration or enzyme activity were observed. In the patients with nephroblastoma, significantly higher zinc concentrations (p less than 0.05) were observed in erythrocytes. The changes of zinc concentration are accompanied by significant (p less than 0.02) decreases of enzyme activity. In this group of cancer children, statistically significant differences were observed in the zinc concentrations in erythrocytes (microgram/g Hb) between the second and the third stages of the disease. No correlation was observed between the concentration of zinc and enzyme activity in healthy children or in cancer children.
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PMID:Concentration of zinc and zinc-copper superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells in normals and children with cancer. 255 91

Eighty-one children with clinically suspected malignant tumors were subjected to percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) at the Pathology Department of the National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from August 1986 through July 1987. There were 47 malignant diagnoses including lymphoma, neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and leukemia. Histological findings confirmed the FNAC diagnoses in 36 cases in which a subsequent incisional biopsy or surgically removed specimen was available. FNAC results were confirmed in all benign cases. In 10 advanced cases of NonHodgkin's lymphoma, surgery was not possible because of marked malnourishment. One false negative and no false positive result was encountered. Forty-eight were females and thirty-three males. FNAC can be a quick, effective, and inexpensive alternative to open biopsy, particularly in advanced cases of malignancy in undernourished children where anesthesia and immediate surgery are contraindicated.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology in advanced pediatric tumors. 255 98

In pediatric cancer patients, malnutrition is commonly observed. This may represent the metabolic effect of the primary disease or it may be a consequence of multimodal therapy. This report evaluates the efficacy of using basic anthropometric measurements to predict morbidity during therapy. Twenty children with Wilms' tumor (Stage III, IV, and V) or neuroblastoma (Stage IV) diagnosed at Children's Hospital (Columbus, OH) between January 1983 and December 1985 were evaluated. When compared with the Wilms' tumor patients, the children with neuroblastoma had a significantly lower weight for age at diagnosis. At the completion of therapy, both weight-for-height and weight-for-age measurements were statistically lower in the neuroblastoma group (p less than 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumor patients in the morbidity reported during therapy. Children with neuroblastoma had more frequent hospital admissions, spent a much greater proportion of their treatment time as hospital inpatients, experienced longer delays in therapy, and sustained many more complications. Each of the anthropometric indices was evaluated as a predictor of the complications observed during treatment. In the Wilms' tumor group, the patients with lower weight-for-height percentiles had an increased incidence of incomplete drug infusions, many more complications, more frequent hospital admissions, and an increase in the percentage of time spent as hospital inpatients. In the neuroblastoma group, the anthropometric measurements had no correlation with the subsequent development of complications. Nutritional staging based on anthropometric measurements recorded at diagnosis may be useful in predicting an increased risk of morbidity during therapy in children with Wilms' tumor.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of basic anthropometric data in children with advanced solid tumors. 255 58

Both kidneys in an 8-month-old boy contained tumours; Wilms' tumour was found in the right kidney and neuroblastoma in the left one. Nephroblastomatosis was observed in both kidneys. Multiple skin angiomas were observed after birth. Diagnosis of renal tumours was confirmed electron microscopically.
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PMID:[A case of Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma of the kidneys in a child]. 256 Sep 10

Using a somatic cell hybridization technique, four murine monoclonal antibodies (three immunoglobulin M and one immunoglobulin G3) were produced against a human neuroblastoma cell surface glycolipid antigen. They reacted strongly with all human neuroblastoma tumor-containing specimens and six of eight human neuroblastoma cell lines. More than 98% of each neuroblastoma cell population possessed this surface antigen, and in the presence of complement, 100% of them were killed. While melanoma and osteogenic sarcoma carried this antigen, leukemia and most Ewing's and Wilms' tumors did not. There was no cross-reaction with 30 normal or remission bone marrow samples and none with normal human tissues other than neurons in vitro. This antigen was neuraminidase sensitive, separable on thin-layer chromatogram, and did not modulate after combining with the monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies could detect less than 0.1% tumor cells deliberately seeded in the bone marrow samples. Because of their unique properties, these monoclonal antibodies may have diagnostic and therapeutic potentials.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to a glycolipid antigen on human neuroblastoma cells. 258 Jun 25

Twenty-nine cases of solid malignant tumours in paediatric age group were studied. The incidence of different tumours in order of frequency were lymphomas (37.9%), Wilms' tumour (24.1%), neuroblastoma (17.2%), soft tissue sarcoma (10.4%) and rare tumours (10.4%). Maximum number of tumours occurred in 1-5 years' age group. Male predominance was noted (male:female as 2.2:1). Among the lymphomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma outnumbered Hodgkin's lymphoma. Left kidney affection was seen more than the right kidney among cases of Wilms' tumours. Neuroblastomas presented commonly as abdominal masses. All the 3 cases of soft tissue sarcomas were embryonal rhabdomysoarcomas. Rare tumours encountered in the study were ovarian tumours (arrhenoblastoma), endodermal sinus tumours and hepatoblastoma.
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PMID:Pattern of paediatric solid malignant tumours in southern Orissa. 258 29


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